随着人工智能重塑人们的工作方式，尤其是处于职业阶梯最底层的岗位，许多大学生和入门级员工都在想，究竟哪些技能能让自己走得更远。
As AI reshapes how people work, particularly along the lowest rungs of the career ladder, many college students and entry-level workers are left wondering what skills will carry them furthest.
如果问 IBM 首席人才、领导力与文化官 Aparna Nair，有两项技能眼下尤其值得培养。
Two skills in particular are important to develop right now, if you ask Aparna Nair, IBM's chief talent, leadership & culture officer.
入门级员工“必须专注于确保自己真正培养批判性思维和判断力，”Nair 告诉 CNBC Make It。“有些事情会迅速变化，也有些事情如今只有人类才能完成，这正是他们需要加倍投入的地方。” IBM 于 9 月发布的一项针对全球 1500 名首席人力资源官和 8800 名员工的调查显示，约 57% 的首席人力资源官认为批判性思维是人工智能时代的一项重要技能，而员工中这一比例为 49%。约 48% 的首席人力资源官认为，在不确定性和模糊性下作出判断是一项重要技能，而员工中这一比例仅为 29%。
Entry-level workers "have to be focused on ensuring that they are actually building critical thinking [and] judgment," Nair tells CNBC Make It. "There are some things that are going to rapidly change, and some things that humans, only, can do today, which is where they need to double down." In an IBM survey of 1,500 chief human resources officers and 8,800 employees worldwide published in September, roughly 57% of CHROs considered critical thinking an important skill in the AI era, compared to 49% of employees. Approximately 48% of CHROs consider judgment under uncertainty and ambiguity an important skill, compared to just 29% of employees.
“过去，人们通常通过亲自完成工作来培养判断力，”Nair 说。“如今，这部分工作已经不存在了，因为人工智能正在完成它。”
"Traditionally people were building judgment through actually doing the work," Nair says. "Today, that piece of work is no longer there because AI is doing it."
相反，Nair 表示，“真正验证人工智能的输入内容，有助于他们培养判断力。” 与此同时，雇主在工作场所更加看重辨别力，尽管许多员工报告称自己的这些技能正在退步。在 IBM 的调查中，四分之三对自身技能感到担忧的员工表示，人工智能已经开始侵蚀他们的一部分技能，其中最常被提及的是批判性思维；然而，57% 的高管认为这项技能对成功至关重要。
Instead, "actually validating the inputs of AI," Nair says, "helps them build their judgment." Employers are placing a premium on discernment at work at the same time many employees report regressing in these skills. In IBM's survey, 3 in 4 concerned employees said AI had already started eroding some of their skills, most often naming critical thinking, yet 57% of executives consider the skill vital for success.
人们可以通过各种方式培养批判性思维和为了向潜在雇主展示这些能力，你可以在领英上发帖，分享自己对某个行业话题的看法，以表明你正在对工作进行批判性思考。Zapier人才招聘高级经理邦妮·迪尔伯说Alternatively，在面试或带回家测评中，你可以通过解释自己的思考过程，展示批判性思维和判断力，比如说明哪些工作应由自己完成、哪些工作应使用AI，以及这样决定的原因。
People can build critical thinking and judgment skills through everything from thinking in another language and asking more questions to thinking a few steps ahead and learning from the decision-makers in your sphere. To show these skills to prospective employers, you might write LinkedIn posts sharing your thoughts on an industry topic to show you're thinking critically about the work, says Bonnie Dilber, senior manager of talent acquisition at Zapier.
迪尔伯表示，对于某些任务，AI可以帮助入门级员工，但“任何人都不应使用AI进行决策”。她指出，这可能会妨碍员工培养基本技能或积累专业知识。
Or in an interview or take-home assessment, you might demonstrate critical thinking and judgment by explaining your thought process when deciding what to complete yourself and what to use AI for, and why, she adds. AI can be useful to entry-level workers for some tasks, but "nobody should use AI for decision-making," says Dilber, noting it could keep workers from developing foundational skills or building their expertise.
“人们真正需要的是花时间构建相关知识和专业能力，形成自己的观点，然后再求助AI，”迪尔伯说。“专业能力是靠大量反复实践积累起来的。”奈尔补充说，批判性思考和辨别质量的能力，即使在某些技术技能的需求时增时减的情况下，也依然经久不衰，而这将帮助员工积累专业知识。“你只需要抱着一种不断培养和打造新技能的心态，”她说。
"People really just need to spend time building that knowledge and expertise and forming their own opinions and then turn to AI," Dilber says. "Expertise is built by lots and lots of at-bats." Thinking critically and discerning quality are skills that will endure even as some technical skills become more or less in-demand, Nair adds, and that will help workers build their expertise. "You just have to be in the mindset that you are continuously shaping and building new skills," she says.