关键规定：根据美国移民与海关执法局（ICE）新发布的内部指导方针，该机构要求执法人员不得进行高速追车行动；只有在完成专门培训后，才能对目标车辆实施拦截。这一规定是在多名司机在与 ICE 的交涉中遭到枪击后制定的。
RYAN J. FOLEY U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers have been ordered not to engage in high-speed car chases and to make vehicle stops only if they have completed specific training, under new internal guidance issued after several drivers were shot in encounters with ICE. A memo sent to officers in ICE’s Enforcement and Removal Operations division and obtained by The Associated Press warned they are not authorized to chase vehicles that fail to pull over under any circumstances.
这份备忘录由 ICE 执行副主任马科斯·D·查尔斯签署，发往该机构的执法与驱逐行动部门，并被《美联社》获取。备忘录明确指出：在任何情况下，执法人员都无权追捕拒绝停车的车辆；相反，他们应记录相关车辆的信息以供进一步调查。
Instead, officers should take down the vehicles’ information for further investigation, according to the memo signed by ICE’s executive associate director Marcos D. Charles and dated Wednesday.
此前，由于司机拒绝配合或试图逃跑，ICE 执行的拦截行动常常升级为暴力冲突。自去年以来，ICE 特工在十多次此类事件中开枪，导致至少四人死亡、多人受伤。
The new guidance comes after ICE-initiated vehicle stops have repeatedly escalated when drivers have refused to cooperate or tried to flee. ICE agents have fired their guns during more than a dozen such encounters since last year, killing at least four people and wounding several others.
唐纳德·特朗普政府在处理此类拦截行动时面临内部分歧——这些行动被视为高风险行为。
President Donald Trump’s administration has faced internal tension over how to handle traffic stops, which are seen as particularly high-risk encounters.
7 月份，缅因州和德克萨斯州发生司机被枪杀的事件后，ICE 曾要求暂时停止大部分拦截行动；但次日特朗普在社交媒体上指示 ICE 继续执行这些行动，称其为“ICE 最重要、最有效的打击犯罪手段”。目前，ICE 面临白宫要求驱逐更多非法移民的压力，其逮捕人数已创下历史新高。同时，由于去年该机构大规模招聘，部分未经充分审查或培训的执法人员已投入执勤。ICE 与国土安全部对此政策指导方针未立即发表评论。
After fatal shootings of drivers in Maine and Texas in July, ICE officers were directed to temporarily pause most vehicle stops. But the next day, Trump went on social media to direct the agency to continue traffic stops, calling them “one of ICE’s most important and effective Crime Fighting tools.”ICE has faced intense pressure from the White House to deport more people who are in the country illegally, and its arrests have reached record numbers. At the same time, the agency’s rapid hiring spree last year resulted in some poorly vetted and trained officers hitting the streets. ICE and the Department of Homeland Security had no immediate comment on the policy guidance.
这份新备忘录详细列出了旨在提升拦截行动安全性的措施，旨在保护 ICE 执法人员、目标司机及其乘客的安全，以及公众的安全。
The new memo outlines steps intended to improve the safety of vehicle stops for ICE officers, drivers they are targeting, their passengers and the public.
这份备忘录要求美国移民与海关执法局（ICE）的各地办事处负责人确保用于执行交通拦截任务的车辆必须配备警示灯和警报器，以便在车辆启动时向公众明确表明这些车辆属于执法车辆。所有参与交通拦截的执法人员都必须在指导下佩戴并启用他们的随身摄像机。
The memo told ICE’s field office directors that they must ensure vehicles used for traffic stops have lights and sirens that let the public know they are law enforcement vehicles when activated. All officers on the scenes of vehicle stops must wear and activate their body cameras, under the guidance.
此外，只有完成了该机构规定的五项培训课程之一的执法人员才能执行交通拦截任务；未完成培训的执法人员只能以“辅助人员”的身份参与拦截行动（即作为乘客），且不得驾驶任何参与拦截的车辆。
In addition, only officers who have completed one of five specific agency training courses can conduct vehicle stops. Officers who have not completed the training courses can only participate in vehicle stops “in a support capacity” as passengers and cannot be the drivers of any of the vehicles involved.
备忘录还规定：ICE执法人员可以继续使用一种存在争议的执法手段（即“使用车辆或物理障碍来拦截或阻止目标车辆”），但前提是他们必须接受过专门的培训；同样，只有经过培训的执法人员才能使用能够刺破轮胎、阻止驾驶员逃逸的专用装置。
The guidance says ICE officers can continue to use a controversial technique known as pinning, which is defined as “using a vehicle or physical barrier to trap or stop a car,” but only if they have received special training. Similarly, only trained officers can use spike strips that deflate tires to prevent drivers from fleeing.
这份备忘录发布的当天，法庭上的证词揭示了两名ICE执法人员在上个月于奥斯汀发生的交通拦截、追捕事件中的不当行为：他们的行为显然违反了新的指导规定。在威尔伯·拉斐尔·加尔塞斯·佩雷斯的保释听证会上，有证据表明开枪的执法人员并未佩戴随身摄像机；而另一名佩戴了摄像机的执法人员则驾驶另一辆车参与追捕，并在追捕过程中关闭了摄像机。
The memo came the day that courtroom testimony highlighted ways in which two ICE officers involved in a vehicle stop, pursuit and shooting that wounded a delivery driver in Austin last month would not have complied with the new guidance. During a bond hearing for Wilber Rafael Garces Perez, testimony showed that the officer who shot him wasn’t wearing a body-worn camera. The ICE officer who did have a camera was driving in a separate car and turned it off during the pursuit.
检察官出示了监控录像，显示加尔塞斯·佩雷斯在初次被拦截后驾车逃逸时，有一名ICE执法人员以高速在居民区街道上追赶他。据调查人员称，加尔塞斯·佩雷斯曾用车辆的侧后视镜击中了一名ICE执法人员，随后该执法人员向佩雷斯的车辆开枪，子弹击中了他的背部。
Prosecutors presented surveillance video that showed an ICE agent chasing Garces Perez at high speeds through residential streets after he fled an initial traffic stop. Garces Perez faces federal assault charges after investigators say he struck an ICE officer with his driver’s side mirror. That officer then shot into Perez’s vehicle, lodging a bullet in his back, officials say.
加尔塞斯·佩雷斯的律师称，针对他的指控是“报复”，并辩称监控录像并不能说明问题，因为录像没有完整拍到他据称试图逃跑的时刻。
Attorneys for Garces Perez have called the charges against him “retaliation” and have argued that the camera footage was inconclusive because it didn’t fully capture the moment when he allegedly tried to flee.