英国首相安迪·伯纳姆本周表示，英国选民未来或许有机会推翻“脱欧”这一十年前引发巨大争议的决定，即退出欧盟。
U.K. Prime Minister Andy Burnham suggested this week that British voters could be given the chance to reverse Brexit, the country's highly contentious departure from the European Union a decade ago.
今年夏天就任首相的伯纳姆周三在接受英国广播公司（BBC）采访时表示，将重新加入欧盟的公投纳入未来的竞选纲领是“有可能的”。
Burnham, who became prime minister over the summer, told the BBC on Wednesday it was "possible" a referendum on rejoining the EU could be included in a future election manifesto.
目前预计英国大选要到2029年才会举行。虽然首相可以在议会的支持下提前举行大选，但接替前任基尔·斯塔默且未经全民投票上台的伯纳姆已排除了这种可能性。
A U.K. general election is not currently expected before 2029. Prime ministers are able to trigger an early snap election with the backing of parliament, but Burnham — who replaced predecessor Keir Starmer without a public vote — has ruled out such a move.
在接受BBC采访时，这位首相表示，现在进行公投“并非明智之举”，但他补充说，英国必须“考虑”与欧盟关系的各种选择，并指出“目前的状况还不够好”。
In his interview with the BBC, the prime minister said a referendum "wouldn't be the right thing to do right now," but added that the U.K. must "consider the options" for its relationship with the EU, arguing that "where we are isn't good enough."
当被问及在未来的竞选纲领中加入“去留公投”是否是一种可能时，伯纳姆回答说：“是的，一切皆有可能。”在上一届大选中，斯塔默带领工党取得压倒性胜利，结束了保守党14年的执政，当时伯纳姆担任曼彻斯特市长。在准备挑战斯塔默的领导地位时，伯纳姆曾承诺不会“重提”脱欧争论。
Asked whether an in-out referendum in a future election manifesto was a possibility, Burnham said: "yes, things are possible." During the previous general election — which saw Starmer lead the governing Labour party to a landslide victory and end 14 years of Conservative rule — Burnham was serving as Mayor of Manchester. As he prepared to challenge Starmer's leadership, Burnham pledged not to "re-run" arguments over Brexit.
在接受BBC《今日》节目另一场采访时，伯纳姆表示，他希望“审视各种选择”，以重塑英欧关系。
In a separate interview with the BBC's Today program, Burnham said he wanted to "look at the options" for resetting U.K.-EU relations.
“我们可以维持现状。如果人们认为这是正确的选择，那绝对是一个选项，”当被问及是否希望英国重新加入欧盟时，他说道。“我们可以研究一下（前财政大臣）乔治·奥斯本关于关税同盟的言论，我们可以考虑……单一市场，或者我们可以彻底回归。”
"We could stay as we are. That's definitely an option, if people think this is the right place to stay," he said, when asked if he wanted Britain to rejoin the union. "We could look at what [former finance minister] George Osborne has said about a customs union, we could look at… the single market or we could go all the way."
这些采访是在伯纳姆周二在执政党工党年度会议上发表讲话后进行的，他在讲话中表示“英国脱欧并没有让我们获得控制权”。2016年的脱欧运动曾承诺“夺回”移民控制权，为国家医疗服务体系（NHS）腾出更多资金，并与世界其他地区达成贸易协定。
The interviews came after Burnham's speech at the governing Labour party's annual conference on Tuesday, in which he said "Brexit hasn't given us control." The 2016 Brexit campaign promised to "take back control" of immigration, free up more money for the country's health service, and forge trade deals with the rest of the world.
尽管根据政府数据，过去十年英国商品和服务的出口价值显著增长，但移民和NHS的资金压力却比以往任何时候都更具争议性。“今年晚些时候，将举行英欧峰会，”伯纳姆在周二的会议上说。
While the value of U.K. goods and services exports has grown significantly in the last decade, according to government figures immigration and NHS funding pressures are more contentious than ever. "Later this year, there will be a U.K.-EU summit," Burnham said at the conference on Tuesday.
“在我们决定与我们目前最大的市场建立何种长期关系之前，我们无法为英国在本世纪余下的时间里开辟出一条清晰的道路。我无法诚实地告诉你们，我们现在的处境已经足够好了。英国脱欧弊大于利，我们需要为英国恢复更高水平的增长和繁荣。” 英国脱欧十年：2016年6月23日，英国民众前往投票站，就英国是否应留在欧盟进行投票。当晚出现了一个令人震惊的结果：选民以52%对48%的投票结果决定脱离欧盟。
"We will not give Britain the clear path we need into the rest of the century until we decide on a long-term relationship with what is still our largest market. I cannot say to you truthfully that where we are is good enough. Brexit has done more harm than good [and] we need to restore a higher level of growth and prosperity for Britain." A decade of Brexit On June 23, 2016, Britons headed to the polls to vote on whether to stay in the European Union.
英国脱欧10年后：图表解析英国经济与政治的变化。随着结果尘埃落定，英镑暴跌，伦敦富时100指数大幅下挫。时任首相戴维·卡梅伦——他发起了此次公投并领导了留欧阵营——宣布辞职。
A shock result emerged that night: the electorate had voted to leave the bloc by 52% to 48%. Brexit 10 years later: How the UK economy and politics changed, in charts As the result sank in, the British pound tanked, and London's FTSE 100 tumbled. Then-Prime Minister David Cameron — who had called the referendum and led the campaign for the Remain vote — resigned.
英国直到2020年才正式脱离欧盟。在过渡期内，该国即将退出欧盟集团始终是一个争议不断的问题，所谓的“留欧派”发起了大规模抗议活动反对该决定，一些政党甚至将推翻公投结果置于其竞选活动的核心位置。
Britain did not officially leave the EU until 2020. In the interim years, the country's looming exit from the bloc remained a contentious issue, with so-called "Remainers" staging huge protests against the decision and some political parties putting a reversal of the vote at the heart of their election campaigns.
英国经济在切断与其最大贸易伙伴关系后，基本未能迎来脱欧后的增长红利，英镑也从未恢复到公投前的水平。该国还经历了首相的快速更迭，过去十年的七位领导人中，有部分因处理脱欧和公投后经济问题的方式而被迫下台。
The U.K. economy has largely failed to experience a post-Brexit boost after upending ties with its largest trading partner, and sterling never returned to its pre-referendum level. The country has also seen a quick succession of prime ministers, with some of the past decade's seven leaders ousted over the way they handled Brexit and the post-referendum economy.
荷兰国际集团（ING）发达市场经济学家詹姆斯·史密斯对CNBC表示，尽管伯纳姆的表态在政治上意义重大，但要释放实实在在的经济利好，依赖于贸易关系的具体变化，这可能需要数年时间。
James Smith, developed markets economist at ING, told CNBC that while Burnham's statement is politically significant, unlocking tangible economic upside relies on concrete changes to the trading relationship, which could take years.
他在一封电子邮件中表示：“尽管首相为英国完全加入欧盟敞开了大门，但现实是，他面临的制约因素与以往领导人遭遇的如出一辙。公众可能认同脱欧进展不顺，但目前尚不清楚是否有多数人支持重新加入。考虑到英国政治近期的动荡以及未来可能出现由‘改革英国党’领导的政府，欧盟在谈判中愿意做出让步的程度也完全未知。”史密斯指出，从公投到与欧盟建立新的经济关系，耗时已超过五年。
"Though the PM has opened the door to full EU membership, the reality is that he faces the same constraints that have hemmed in previous leaders," he said in an email. "The public may agree that Brexit hasn't gone well, but it's not clear there is a majority in favor of rejoining. It's also not at all clear how willing the EU will be to give ground in negotiations, given the recent volatility of U.K. politics and the possibility of a Reform-led government in the future." Smith noted that it had taken more than five years to go from referendum to new economic relationship with the EU.
他说：“我怀疑，现在脱欧已跌出选民政治优先事项清单，英国要确定并落实一种新的关系形式，将需要更长的时间。”
"I suspect it will take much longer for Britain to settle on and implement a new form of relationship now that [Brexit] has dropped down the list of political priorities among voters," he said.
英国利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学经济学高级讲师史蒂夫·诺兰周四对CNBC表示，一些估算表明，如果没有脱欧公投，英国国内生产总值（GDP）将比现在大5%至8%。"这并未让经济学家感到意外——标准贸易模型表明，如果你对最近的贸易伙伴设置贸易壁垒，就会引发问题，"他说。"因此，重新加入肯定有可获取的利益，但通往这一结果的道路可能崎岖不平。"
Steve Nolan, a senior lecturer in economics at Britain's Liverpool John Moores University, told CNBC on Thursday that some estimates suggest U.K. gross domestic product was 5% to 8% smaller than it would have been without the vote to leave the EU. "This hasn't been a surprise to economists — standard models in trade say that if you put up barriers to trade with your nearest trading partner then this will cause problems," he said. "So there are definite benefits to be reaped by rejoining, but the road towards that outcome could be rocky."
他补充道，任何新的公投都会增加不确定性和动荡。"英国也将处于弱势谈判地位，请求重新加入俱乐部，可能不得不接受许多条件——例如加入欧元区和劳动力自由流动——这些可能引发经济和政治困难。所以，机会是存在的，但不会没有代价。"然而，伦敦金融咨询公司DeVere Group首席执行官Nigel Green表示，虽然与欧洲建立更紧密联系会让英国更富裕，但也会让资本更容易流出该国。"
Any new referendum would increase uncertainty and turmoil, he added. "The U.K. would also be asking to be let back into the club from a weakened bargaining position and may have to accept many conditions — [such as] euro membership and free movement of labor — that may cause economic and political difficulties. So, there are opportunities to grabbed, but they won't come without a cost." However, Nigel Green, CEO of London-based financial consultancy DeVere Group, said that while closer ties with Europe would make Britain richer, it would also make it easier for capital to leave the country.
英镑将从与英国最大贸易伙伴更稳定的关系中受益，十年来以折价交易的英国中心股票可能开始缩小差距，"他说。
"Sterling stands to gain from a steadier relationship with the U.K.'s biggest trading partner, and U.K.-focused equities, priced at a discount for a decade, could start to close the gap," he said.
但他警告说"敞开的大门双向通行"，企业家和高级专业人士越来越多地告诉deVere，他们正考虑离开英国以避开高税收负担。"欧盟关系重置需要国内配套措施：有竞争力的税收、更快的规划审批和政策稳定性，让企业能着眼于下一份预算案之外，"他说。"两者都做对，英国将成为欧洲的资本磁石。只做对其中之一，英国将变成一个更方便离开的地方。" 在Google上
But he cautioned that "an open door works both ways," with entrepreneurs, and senior professionals increasingly telling deVere they were considering leaving the U.K. to avoid the high tax burden. "The EU reset needs a domestic twin: competitive taxes, faster planning and policy stability that lets businesses look beyond the next Budget," he said. "Get both right and the U.K. becomes a magnet for capital in Europe. Get only one right and Britain becomes a more convenient place to leave." Choose CNBC as your preferred source on Google and never miss a moment from the most trusted name in business news.