2022年9月19日，诺贝尔奖奖章在挪威奥斯陆的挪威诺贝尔研究所展出。——路透社诺贝尔奖的获奖者将于下周开始公布，首先是生理学或医学奖（周一颁发），最后是经济学奖（10月12日公布）。
Nobel Prize medal is on display inside the Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo, Norway September 19, 2022. — Reuters The Nobel prizes are set to be announced from next week, starting with the award for physiology or medicine on Monday and ending with the unveiling of the winners in economics on October 12.
这些奖项还涵盖物理学、化学、文学和和平领域的杰出成就，奖金金额已上调至1200万瑞典克朗（约合121万美元），这为获奖者带来了前所未有的声誉（对绝大多数科学家来说，这样的荣誉几乎是难以想象的）。
The awards, which are also handed out for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, literature and peace, come with a recently increased prize amount of 12 million Swedish crowns ($1.21 million) and bestow instant fame on the recipients that is unthinkable for the vast majority of scientists. Who was Alfred Nobel?
阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔是谁？诺贝尔奖是由瑞典富有的化学家兼企业家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔创立的。他在遗嘱中规定，将自己大部分遗产用于设立“奖励那些在过去一年中为人类做出最大贡献的人”。
The Nobel Prize was created by wealthy Swedish chemist and entrepreneur Alfred Nobel, who in his will dictated that the bulk of his estate should be used to fund "prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind".
阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔最著名的身份是炸药的发明者，但他同时也是一位商人、诗人兼语言学家；17岁时他就已经能说俄语、法语、英语和德语。最初的五个奖项类别正是与他个人兴趣最为相关的领域。
Best known as the inventor of dynamite, Nobel was also a businessman, poet and linguist who could speak Russian, French, English and German by the age of 17. The five original prize categories reflect interests closest to his heart.
诺贝尔一生大部分时间都在研究武器技术，并因此积累了巨额财富；晚年时，他与奥地利和平活动家贝莎·冯·苏特纳成为了密友。贝莎·冯·苏特纳后来成为首位获得诺贝尔和平奖的女性（1905年），许多人认为正是她的影响促使诺贝尔在奖项设置中加入了和平奖这一类别。
Nobel spent much of his career developing weapons technologies and made a fortune from it, but later in life became a close friend of Austrian peace activist Bertha von Suttner. She went on to become the first woman to win the peace prize in 1905 and many believe it was her influence that made him include an award for that category.
诺贝尔于1896年去世，但由于其遗嘱引发的法律纠纷，直到1901年，首届诺贝尔奖才得以正式颁发。
Nobel died in 1896, but it took until 1901, following a legal battle over his will, before the first prizes were awarded.
谁负责颁发诺贝尔奖？诺贝尔奖的颁发机构是诺贝尔基金会（Nobel Foundation），该基金会由诺贝尔的遗产管理而来。
Who awards the Nobel prizes? Nobel selected the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to award the prizes for chemistry and physics, the Swedish Academy for literature, Sweden's Karolinska Institute medical university for physiology or medicine, and the Norwegian parliament for peace.
诺贝尔指定由瑞典皇家科学院颁发化学奖和物理学奖，由瑞典学院颁发文学奖，由瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院颁发生理学或医学奖，由挪威议会颁发和平奖。诺贝尔为何选择挪威颁发和平奖的确切原因不得而知，但这可能反映了他在立遗嘱时，挪威与瑞典处于政治联盟关系中。
It is not known exactly why Nobel chose Norway to hand out the peace prize, though it could reflect that Norway and Sweden were linked in a political union at the time he penned his will.
1968年，瑞典中央银行成立300周年之际，该行向诺贝尔基金会捐款设立了“阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔纪念经济学奖”。该奖项由瑞典皇家科学院根据与其他奖项相同的原则进行颁发。
In 1968, when Sweden's central bank was celebrating its 300th anniversary, it established the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel with a donation to the Nobel Foundation. The prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, according to the same principles as the other prizes.
著名与臭名昭著的获奖者 著名的诺贝尔奖得主包括物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和尼尔斯·玻尔、作家欧内斯特·海明威和阿尔贝·加缪，以及纳尔逊·曼德拉和特蕾莎修女等领袖人物。
Famous and infamous laureates Notable Nobel laureates include physicists Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr, authors Ernest Hemingway and Albert Camus, and leaders such as Nelson Mandela and Mother Teresa.
居里家族是最成功的“诺贝尔奖家族”，玛丽·居里曾两次获奖，她的丈夫、女儿和女婿也均为诺贝尔奖得主。
The Curies were the most successful "Nobel Prize family", with Marie Curie winning twice and her husband, daughter and son-in-law also among Nobel laureates.
仅有五人曾多次获得诺贝尔奖，美国化学家兼和平活动家莱纳斯·鲍林是唯一一位两次独享诺贝尔奖的人。
Only five people have won multiple Nobel prizes, with American chemist and peace activist Linus Pauling the only person to have received two unshared Nobel Prizes.
一些奖项经不起时间的检验，例如埃加斯·莫尼兹因已被证伪的前额叶切除术于1949年获得医学奖。
Some awards have aged poorly, such as Egas Moniz's 1949 medicine prize for the since-discredited practice of lobotomy.
许多和平奖也备受争议，包括授予亨利·基辛格、亚西尔·阿拉法特、伊扎克·拉宾和西蒙·佩雷斯的奖项。1948年圣雄甘地去世前未获颁奖，也被许多人视为一大遗憾。
Many peace prizes have also been criticised, including those for Henry Kissinger, Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres. Failure to give the prize to Mahatma Gandhi before his death in 1948 is also seen by many as a great oversight.
颁奖典礼 诺贝尔奖于12月10日诺贝尔忌日当天颁发给获奖者。和平奖由挪威诺贝尔委员会主席在奥斯陆颁发，其余奖项则由瑞典国王在斯德哥尔摩音乐厅颁发。
The festivities The Nobel prizes are presented to the laureates on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The peace prize is handed out by the chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee in Oslo, while the other prizes are presented by the Swedish king in the Stockholm Concert Hall.
晚上，约 1,300 名宾客在斯德哥尔摩市政厅享用了一场盛大的宴会。这份菜单是由瑞典最优秀的厨师和品酒师们精心策划数月后制定的，其具体内容一直保密，直到服务员开始上菜时才被公开。
During the evening, some 1,300 guests are treated to a lavish banquet at Stockholm City Hall. The menu, meticulously planned for months by some of Sweden's best chefs and sommeliers, is kept a secret until the food is served by 200 waiters.
宴会的菜品均以北欧风格为主题；去年的菜单上包括：牛肝菌汤、填有扇贝的比目鱼、糖海藻料理，以及搭配新鲜烤制的奶酪奶油和焦糖黄油海绵蛋糕的黑刺李果冰沙。
The food has a Nordic theme, and last year's menu featured Porcini mushroom soup, turbot stuffed with scallops and sugar kelp, and blackthorn berry sorbet with freshly baked cheese cream and browned butter sponge.