在埃塞俄比亚提格雷地区结束毁灭性两年战争的和平协议达成近四年后，该国北部的战斗正在加剧。
Fighting is intensifying across northern Ethiopia, almost four years after a peace deal ended a devastating two-year war in the country’s Tigray region.
冲突已蔓延至邻近的阿姆哈拉和奥罗莫地区。政府支持的部队称，他们于9月28日占领了提格雷的战略城镇阿拉马塔，而提格雷部队则推进至阿法尔地区。
The conflict has also spread into the neighbouring Amhara and Afar regions. Government-aligned forces say they captured the strategic town of Alamata, Tigray, on September 28, while Tigrayan forces have pushed into Afar.
提格雷大部分地区通信中断，商业航班停飞，导致家庭分离并阻碍了人道主义行动。
Telecommunications have been cut across much of Tigray and commercial flights have been suspended, separating families and hampering humanitarian operations.
埃塞俄比亚陆军总司令指责厄立特里亚、苏丹军队和埃及支持武装团体，引发了对更大规模地区战争的担忧。所有被指控的国家均否认了这些指控，埃及还补充说，它严格尊重邻国的主权。
Ethiopia’s army chief has accused Eritrea, Sudan’s army and Egypt of backing the armed groups, raising fears of a wider regional war. All countries have denied the allegations, with Egypt adding that it strictly respects the sovereignty of neighbouring states.
在这篇可视化解说中，半岛电视台绘制了战斗发生的地点、参与方以及埃塞俄比亚如何走到今天的局面。战斗发生在哪些地方？
In this visual explainer, Al Jazeera maps where the fighting is, who is involved and how Ethiopia got here. Where is the fighting happening?
战斗集中在埃塞俄比亚北部的三个地区：提格雷、阿姆哈拉和阿法尔。存在多个活跃战线，而非单一战场。
Fighting is concentrated in three regions in northern Ethiopia: Tigray, Amhara and Afar. There are several active fronts rather than a single battlefield.
在提格雷南部，政府部队及其盟友占领了阿拉马塔，这是一座位于该地区首府麦凯勒以南约120公里（75英里）处的战略城镇。该镇是靠近提格雷与阿姆哈拉边境的部队、燃料和食物补给枢纽。
In southern Tigray, government forces and their allies have taken Alamata, a strategic town about 120km (75 miles) south of the regional capital, Mekelle. The town is a supply hub for troops, fuel and food near Tigray’s border with Amhara.
据冲突监测机构ACLED称，9月22日，阿拉马塔遭到15至17次无人机袭击，其中包括多所学校和一家医院。
On September 22, between 15 and 17 drone strikes hit Alamata, including several schools and a hospital, according to the conflict monitor ACLED.
在西侧，提格雷西部提克泽河附近开辟了一条独立战线，该地区是提格雷和阿姆哈拉之间的争议地带。
To the west, a separate front has opened near the Tekeze River in western Tigray, an area disputed between Tigray and Amhara.
战斗也已蔓延至阿姆哈拉北部，包括北韦洛区的科博和吉丹，以及瓦格赫姆拉区的塞科塔，政府部队于9月27日重新占领了塞科塔。
Fighting has also spread into northern Amhara, around Kobo and Gidan in North Wello zone and Sekota in Wag Hemra zone, which government forces retook on September 27.
更往东，提格雷部队和阿法尔武装团体乌古古莫已推进至阿法尔地区，据报道，战斗发生在提格雷-阿法尔边境以及埃雷布蒂和阿巴拉附近。
Further east, Tigrayan forces and the Afar armed group Ugugumo have advanced into Afar, where fighting has been reported along the Tigray-Afar border and around Erebti and Abala.
这一进展之所以重要，是因为它可能威胁到塞梅拉-吉布提走廊，这是埃塞俄比亚进口包括燃料在内的物资的主要路线。哪些主要团体正在参与战斗？
The advance matters because it could threaten the Semera-Djibouti corridor, Ethiopia’s main route for imports, including fuel. Which main groups are fighting?
9月20日，七个埃塞俄比亚武装和政治团体宣布结成联盟，旨在推翻阿比·艾哈迈德总理的政府，并建立一个包容性的过渡政府。
Seven Ethiopian armed and political groups announced an alliance on September 20 aimed at removing Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s government and establishing an inclusive transitional government.
该组织名为“埃塞俄比亚人民生存力量联盟”（简称“生存联盟”）。其成员包括：提格雷人民解放阵线（TPLF）：该联盟的主要军事力量，其武装人员发起了最近的攻势。在阿比于2018年上台之前，该组织统治了埃塞俄比亚政坛近三十年。2020年11月，提人阵与联邦军队之间爆发了战争。阿姆哈拉法诺民族运动：这是一个法诺派系联盟，在提格雷战争期间曾与联邦军队并肩作战，后于2023年转而反对阿比政府。
The group is called the Ethiopian Peoples’ Forces Alliance for Survival, or the Alliance for Survival. Its members include: The Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) The alliance’s main military force, whose fighters launched the latest offensive. It dominated Ethiopian politics for nearly three decades before Abiy took office in 2018. War broke out between the TPLF and federal forces in November 2020. The Amhara Fano National Movement: A coalition of Fano factions that turned against Abiy’s government in 2023, after fighting alongside federal forces during the Tigray war.
奥罗莫解放军（OLA）：自2018年以来，该组织一直在奥罗米亚地区与联邦军队作战，寻求为奥罗莫人争取更大的自决权。
The Oromo Liberation Army (OLA): It has fought federal forces in Oromia since 2018, seeking greater self-determination for the Oromo.
联盟中提到的其他团体包括欧加登民族解放阵线（ONLF）、阿法尔革命民主统一阵线（又称Ugugumo）、贝尼尚古勒人民解放运动和古穆兹人民民主运动。9月25日，西达马民族解放阵线宣布也将加入。
The other groups named in the alliance are the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF), the Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front (also known as Ugugumo), the Benishangul Peoples’ Liberation Movement and the Gumuz Peoples’ Democratic Movement. On September 25, the Sidama National Liberation Front announced that it would also join.
该联盟的成员身份存在争议。据武装冲突地点与事件数据库（ACLED）东非高级分析师贾拉勒·格塔丘·比鲁（Jalale Getachew Birru）称，古穆兹人民民主运动否认加入，称其没有武装派别。欧加登民族解放阵线内部存在分歧：一个派系支持该联盟，而另一个派系则表示并未参与。奥罗莫解放军表示，其主要兴趣在于推翻政府，而非参与协调一致的军事行动。
The alliance’s membership is contested. According to Jalale Getachew Birru, senior East Africa analyst at ACLED the Gumuz Peoples’ Democratic Movement has denied joining, saying it has no armed wing. The ONLF is split: one faction backs the alliance, while another says it is not part of it. The OLA has indicated that its main interest is removing the government rather than joining coordinated military operations.
ACLED表示，截至9月26日，只有提人阵、阿姆哈拉法诺民族运动和Ugugumo这三个成员在积极与联邦军队作战。
ACLED says only three members, the TPLF, the Amhara Fano National Movement and Ugugumo, were actively fighting federal forces as of September 26.
在联合体的成立声明中，他们指责政府实行“独裁统治”，并表示一个过渡政府将结束该国的战争、保护人民的权利，并推动全国范围内的对话。
In its founding statement, the alliance accused the government of “dictatorial rule”. It said a transitional government would end the country’s wars, protect rights and open a national dialogue.
埃塞俄比亚的行政区划是怎样的？埃塞俄比亚是位于非洲之角的一个内陆国家，与厄立特里亚、苏丹、南苏丹、肯尼亚、索马里和吉布提接壤。该国人口约为1.39亿，是非洲人口第二多的国家（仅次于尼日利亚）。
What are the regions of Ethiopia? Ethiopia is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Eritrea, Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya, Somalia and Djibouti. With about 139 million people, it is Africa’s second-most populous country after Nigeria.
埃塞俄比亚也是世界上民族多样性最丰富的国家之一，拥有超过80个不同的民族群体。其中奥罗莫族是最大的民族群体，占总人口的约35%；其次是阿姆哈拉族（约24%），其他主要民族包括索马里族（7%）、提格雷族（6%）和西达马族（4%）。
It is also one of the world’s most ethnically diverse countries, with more than 80 groups. The Oromo are the largest, making up about 35 percent of the population, followed by the Amhara at about 24 percent. Other major groups include Somali (7 percent), Tigrayan (6 percent) and Sidama (4 percent).
埃塞俄比亚被划分为12个地区州以及两个特别行政区——亚的斯亚贝巴和迪雷达瓦。该国实行的联邦制度始于1992年，并在1994年的宪法中得到正式确立；这一制度在很大程度上反映了当地的民族和语言分布特征。
Ethiopia is divided into 12 regional states and two chartered cities, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa. The federal system, introduced in 1992 and formalised in the 1994 constitution, largely follows ethnic and linguistic divisions. How did we get here?
冲突的根源是什么？此次冲突的爆发源于2020年至2022年提格雷地区战争结束后仍未解决的政治与领土争端。提格雷人民解放阵线（TPLF）与联邦政府在政治控制权、安全问题以及争议领土问题上仍存在严重分歧。
The renewed fighting stems from political and territorial tensions left unresolved following Ethiopia’s 2020-2022 Tigray war. The Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) and the federal government remain divided over political control, security and disputed territory.
几个月来，紧张局势持续升级。根据冲突监测机构ACLED的报道，提格雷武装势力与联邦军队之间的冲突于8月1日在靠近苏丹边境的地区爆发；随后联邦政府动用了无人机进行打击，并派遣了军队。
Tensions have been building for months. According to the conflict monitor ACLED, clashes between Tigrayan and federal forces began near the Sudanese border on August 1, followed by federal drone strikes and Tigrayan troop deployments.
2026年9月28日，社交媒体上发布的一段视频显示：在亲政府的民兵组织宣称埃塞俄比亚军队及其盟军已占领阿拉马塔镇后，武装人员驾驶的车辆在该镇街道上行驶（图片来自路透社）。同年9月，提格雷武装势力向南调动了坦克和火炮部队；同时也有报道称提格雷地区再次出现了招募新兵和强制征兵的现象。
Vehicles carrying armed men drive along a street in Alamata, Ethiopia, after a pro-government militia said that Ethiopia’s military and allied fighters had captured the town, in this screengrab from a social media video released on September 28, 2026 [Social media via Reuters] In September, Tigrayan forces moved tanks and artillery south. There were also reports of renewed recruitment and forced mobilisation in Tigray.
9月20日，蒂格雷人民解放阵线（TPLF）与其他六个武装组织共同宣布成立了“埃塞俄比亚人民生存联盟”，该联盟的目标是推翻阿比耶政府并建立过渡政府。
On September 20, the TPLF and six other armed and political groups announced the Ethiopian Peoples’ Forces Alliance for Survival, which aims to overthrow Abiy’s government and install a transitional administration.
三天后（9月23日），战斗局势急剧升级。蒂格雷人民解放阵线的部队控制了梅克勒、阿克苏姆和希雷地区的机场，并向邻近的阿法尔州和阿姆哈拉州发动进攻。政府方面称蒂格雷人民解放阵线发起了“全面进攻”；而蒂格雷人民解放阵线则辩称自己正在进行“防御性作战”，并指责联邦政府使用飞机、无人机和火炮对其发动攻击。
Three days later, on September 23, fighting escalated sharply. Tigrayan forces seized the airports in Mekelle, Axum and Shire and pushed into neighbouring Afar and Amhara. The government says the TPLF launched an “all-out offensive”. The TPLF says it is fighting a “defensive war” and accuses federal forces of attacking with aircraft, drones and artillery.