里约热内卢讯：本周日，数百万巴西民众将参与投票。此次选举的主要竞争双方为现任总统卢拉与参议员弗拉维奥·博索纳罗——后者是前总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗之子，而卢拉四年前曾击败其父赢得大选。
ELÉONORE HUGHES, ANNA-CATHERINE BRIGIDA RIO DE JANEIRO — Millions of Brazilians will vote Sunday in an election dominated by two rivals: incumbent President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Sen. Flávio Bolsonaro, the son of ex-leader Jair Bolsonaro who Lula defeated four years ago.
本次总统选举共有12名候选人，但外界普遍认为只有卢拉与博索纳罗真正具备胜选可能。若无人获得超过50%的选票，得票率最高的两人将于10月25日进行第二轮决选。
Twelve candidates are on the presidential ballot, but only Lula and Bolsonaro are thought to have a real chance of becoming Brazil’s next head of state. If no candidate receives more than 50% of the vote, the top 2 will advance to a runoff on Oct. 25.
现年80岁的卢拉是全球年龄最大的国家元首之一，此次是他第七次参选总统。45岁的博索纳罗则是首次参选，希望在其父于2019年至2022年执政巴西后，再度将家族势力推上权力巅峰。
Lula, who at 80 is one of the world’s oldest heads of state , is running in his seventh presidential election. Bolsonaro, 45, is competing in his first and seeking to return his family name to power after his father governed Brazil from 2019 through 2022.
两人分属政治光谱的两极，在打击有组织犯罪的方式、以及巴西这个拉美最大国家应如何与特朗普政府打交道等诸多问题上均持截然相反的观点。以下是关于此次巴西大选的关键信息：巴西每四年举行一次全国大选，投票为强制义务。无正当理由而缺席投票者将被处以小额罚款。
The two represent opposite sides of the political spectrum, with conflicting visions on issues ranging from how to tackle organized crime to the relationship Latin America’s biggest country should have with the Trump administration. Here’s what to know about Brazil’s election. Brazil holds general elections every four years, and voting is mandatory. Those who fail to cast a ballot without justification face a small fine.
本周日，巴西民众将选出总统、各州及联邦议员、各州州长以及部分参议员。市长与市议员的选举同样每四年举行一次，但时间另行安排。
On Sunday, Brazilians will choose a president, state and federal representatives as well as governors and some senators. Elections for mayors and city councilors are also held every four years, but in different years.
近1.6亿符合投票资格的选民将使用电子投票机输入所选候选人的编号，形成一份份长长的投票记录清单。
Almost 160 million eligible voters will use electronic voting machines to punch in the digits corresponding to their candidates, preparing number-heavy lists.
据巴西选举管理机构介绍，为杜绝舞弊现象，巴西当局于上世纪90年代开始引入电子投票机。在此前的地方选举中，投票箱常被塞满假选票或被窃走，纸质选票也屡遭伪造。1960年至1989年间，巴西未举行过任何直接总统选举，这一时期还包括1964年至1985年的军事统治时期。如今，投票结束后仅数小时便能公布结果。
Brazilian authorities adopted electronic voting machines in the 1990s to combat fraud. In earlier local elections, ballot boxes were stuffed or stolen, and paper ballots were routinely falsified, according to Brazil’s electoral authority. The country held no direct presidential elections between 1960 and 1989, a period that included military rule from 1964 to 1985 . Now, results are reported mere hours after polls close.
在2022年大选前夕，雅伊尔·博索纳罗多次毫无根据地质疑巴西的电子投票系统。不过至今尚未发现任何重大舞弊行为。
In the lead-up to the 2022 vote, Jair Bolsonaro repeatedly cast unfounded doubts on Brazil’s electronic voting system. No significant fraud has ever been detected.
卢拉早年是一名工会工人，19岁时在工厂遭遇事故导致小指缺失。他有时能引发民众近乎狂热的崇拜。他曾因腐败罪名入狱一年多，后来这些判决被撤销。2022年，他第三次当选总统，且各次任期之间均间隔了多年。
Lula, who got his start as a union worker and has a missing pinky finger following an accident in a factory when he was 19, has at times inspired cult-like devotion. He spent more than a year in prison on corruption convictions that were later annulled before winning a third nonconsecutive term in 2022.
美国前总统巴拉克·奥巴马曾称他为“世界上最受欢迎的政治家”。但在本届任期内，卢拉的支持率一度跌至24%，创下其任内新低。选民对犯罪问题及生活成本的担忧可能对其选情产生不利影响。他承诺要让巴西民众切实从本国丰富的稀有矿产与资源中获益，同时保护亚马逊雨林并继续推行其标志性福利计划——“家庭补助金”。
Former U.S. President Barack Obama once called him “the world’s most popular politician.”But during his current term, Lula’s approval ratings fell as low as 24%, one of his lowest levels. Voters’ concerns about crime and the cost of living could hurt him at the ballot box. He has promised to ensure Brazilians are the ones to benefit from the country’s rare minerals and resources, protect the Amazon rainforest and continue his flagship welfare program Bolsa Familia .
由于前总统博索纳罗因策划政变被判27年监禁而无法参选，他的长子基本继承了父亲的极端保守路线，不过有时也会采取较为温和的沟通方式以争取中间派选民。
With former President Jair Bolsonaro barred from running as he serves a 27-year-long sentence for a coup attempt, his eldest son has largely embraced his father’s ultra-conservative agenda, while at times trying to strike a more moderate communication style to attract centrist voters.
强硬的安全政策是博索纳罗之子竞选的核心内容，民调显示这些主张深受巴西民众欢迎。这位参议员承诺效仿萨尔瓦多模式修建大型监狱以打击国内犯罪团伙；他还将效仿特朗普政府，将跨国犯罪团伙定性为恐怖组织，并将可被视为成年人的年龄标准降至16岁。
His hardline security policies have been a pillar of his campaign, and polls show these proposals are popular among Brazilians. The senator has pledged to fight the country’s criminal groups by building El Salvador-style megaprisons , following the Trump administration’s lead by designating transnational gangs terrorist organizations and reducing the age to be tried as an adult to 16.
对遏制气候变化具有关键作用的亚马逊雨林，在前总统博索纳罗执政期间出现了有史以来最严重的森林砍伐现象。如今，他的儿子同样否认人类活动是气候变化的诱因，仅承诺遏制非法砍伐行为。
Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest, which plays a vital role in stopping climate change, hit a record high under former President Bolsonaro. His son has also denied human-caused climate change and only committed to stopping illegal deforestation.
博索拉罗承认自己收受声名狼藉的银行家丹尼尔·沃尔卡罗提供的数百万美元，用于拍摄一部关于其父亲生平的影片，这一举动给他的竞选活动蒙上了阴影。目前他正因与该案相关的腐败、洗钱及逃税行为接受调查。
Sen. Bolsonaro’s admission of accepting millions of dollars from disgraced banker Daniel Vorcaro to produce a film on his father’s life has cast a shadow over his campaign. He is under investigation for corruption, money laundering and tax evasion in connection with the case.
卢拉多次警告美国不要干涉巴西选举。对于美国是否试图干预此次投票，特朗普政府并未回应相关置评请求。
Lula has repeatedly warned the U.S. not to meddle in Brazil’s elections. The Trump administration did not respond to a request for comment on whether it is seeking to interfere in the vote.
去年，华盛顿以特朗普的盟友博索拉罗正在接受审判等为由，对巴西商品加征50%的关税。今年早些时候，尽管巴西对美贸易呈现顺差，美国仍以存在不公平贸易行为为由再度加征关税；就在博索拉罗访问白宫后不久，美国还将巴西最大的几个贩毒集团列为外国恐怖组织。卢拉对这两项举措均表示反对。
Last year, Washington imposed 50% tariffs on Brazilian goods, citing — among other reasons — the trial of Jair Bolsonaro , a Trump ally. Earlier this year, the U.S. imposed a new round of tariffs , citing unfair trade practices despite running a U.S. surplus, and classified Brazil’s biggest drug-trafficking groups as foreign terrorist organizations shortly after a visit to the White House from Sen. Bolsonaro. Lula opposed both moves.
倘若博索拉罗胜选，巴西也将加入近年来选出亲特朗普政府的拉美国家行列，这些国家包括阿根廷、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加和秘鲁。
A victory by Sen. Bolsonaro would add Brazil to a list of Latin American countries — including Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Peru — that have elected Trump-friendly governments in recent years.
捍卫巴西主权是卢拉竞选的核心议题。选举前夕，他的团队发布了巴德·邦尼歌曲《夏威夷的遭遇》的葡萄牙语版，该曲以美国对夏威夷的殖民历史作为警示案例。布里吉达从墨西哥城发回报道。
Lula has made defending Brazilian sovereignty a major campaign issue. In the days before the election, his team launched a Portuguese version of the Bad Bunny song, “Lo que le pasó a Hawaii,” which invokes the U.S. colonization of Hawaii as a cautionary tale. Brigida reported from Mexico City.