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民调:拉丁裔选民远离特朗普和共和党Poll: Latino voters swing away from Trump and Republicans

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拉丁裔选民曾助力唐纳德·特朗普重返白宫。然而,根据NBC新闻与Telemundo最新联合民调显示,如今他们开始对特朗普心生不满——这一转变让民主党迎来重大机遇:在2026年选举中,那些拥有大量拉丁裔人口的州和选区很可能成为胜负关键。与广大选民群体一样,拉丁裔选民也深受物价高涨以及特朗普的移民政策所困扰。

Latino voters helped propel Donald Trump back to the White House. Now, they are turning on him, according to a new NBC News/Telemundo poll — a shift that gives Democrats a major opportunity to capitalize in a 2026 election that could hinge on states and districts with sizable Latino populations. Like the broader electorate, Latino voters are racked by major concerns about high prices and Trump’s approach to immigration enforcement.

目前,特朗普在拉丁裔选民中的支持率仅为27%。三分之二的受访者认为其政府的驱逐政策过于严苛;四分之三的人不认可他在经济治理及控制物价方面的表现。种种迹象表明,共和党正在为此付出代价:如今对共和党持负面看法的拉丁裔选民比例已升至2016年以来的最高水平。与此同时,民主党在应对经济、移民问题、物价管控、反腐败及医疗保健等议题上均占据优势。

The president’s approval rating sits at 27% among Latino voters. Two-thirds say his administration’s deportation policies have gone too far and three-quarters disapprove of how he has handled the economy and the cost of living. There are clear signs his party is paying the price. A greater share of Latino voters hold negative views of the Republican Party than at any time since 2016, and Democrats have leads on issues like dealing with the economy, immigration, the cost of living, corruption and healthcare.

两年前,在“谁更能妥善处理经济问题”这一议题上,特朗普还比时任副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯领先4个百分点;如今,拉丁裔选民却让民主党在此项上领先21个百分点。在此背景下,拉丁裔选民更倾向于由民主党掌控国会,支持率高达59%,而支持共和党的仅为35%,两者相差24个百分点。这一差距虽不及2018年选举前夕的民调数据,但也已是2024年同期水平的两倍。

Two years ago, Latino voters gave Trump a 4-point edge over then-Vice President Kamala Harris on handling the economy. Today, they give Democrats a 21-point advantage on the same question. Against that backdrop, Democrats have a 24-point lead on whom Latino voters want to see in control of Congress, 59%-35%. That’s double the lead they had among Latino voters at this point in 2024, though not quite at the heights the party enjoyed at this time in 2018, according to NBC News polling from just before that election.

值得注意的是,在2024年投票支持特朗普的拉丁裔选民中,近五分之一的人并不希望国会由共和党掌控:其中14%表示支持民主党,另有8%尚未确定自己的倾向。这些变化发生之际,共和党原本将特朗普在2024年赢得的拉丁裔选票视为保住众议院多数席位的关键筹码。

Nearly a fifth of Latino voters who backed Trump in 2024 say they do not prefer a Republican-controlled Congress, with 14% saying they support Democrats and 8% unsure in their preference.

在佛罗里达州和得克萨斯州,共和党划定了多个以拉丁裔选民为主要构成的新选区。按照2024年的选举结果来看,这些选区原本属于典型的共和党优势区;但随着拉丁裔选民的偏好发生变化,如今许多选区在中期选举中都有可能成为竞争激烈的战场。得克萨斯州、内华达州及其他地区的全州级选举同样会受到拉丁裔选民投票倾向变化的影响,不过这一群体在全国范围内的投票行为并不会完全一致。

The shifts come after the Republican Party made Trump’s 2024 gains among Latino voters central to its plans to keep the House majority. In Florida and Texas, the party drew new, heavily Latino districts that looked deep red by the 2024 results — but many are shaping up to be competitive in the midterms as Latino voters’ preferences have changed. Statewide races in Texas, Nevada and more will also be shaped by the evolving Latino vote, though it will not move as one bloc everywhere in the country.

此次民调于9月21日至28日期间开展。负责执行该民调的哈特研究协会的民主党民调专家艾琳·卡多纳-阿罗约指出:“调查结果显示,共和党在拉丁裔选民中的支持率出现了显著下滑,这预示着共和党候选人在即将到来的中期选举中将面临诸多困难。”此次民调由卡多纳-阿罗约与共和党民调专家米卡·罗伯茨及其所属的“公众舆论策略”公司共同完成。在近期的中期选举中,拉丁裔选民约占总投票人数的十分之一。

The poll results, collected Sept. 21-28, “indicate a striking reversal of Republican gains with Latino voters and point to trouble ahead for Republican candidates in the midterms,” said Democratic pollster Aileen Cardona-Arroyo of Hart Research Associates, who conducted the poll with Republican pollster Micah Roberts and his firm, Public Opinion Strategies. Latino voters comprised around a tenth of the total vote in recent midterm elections.

罗伯茨称拉丁裔选民为“最具摇摆性的群体”,并认为自2024年以来出现的这一趋势反转“令人震惊”。他说道:“从这些数据中我们可以明确看出,2024年的情形属于个例。特朗普是一个关键因素,他对美国政治产生了深远影响;若没有他的存在,这些数据中反映出的拉丁裔选民倾向变化根本不会出现。”

Roberts referred to Latino voters as “the swingiest of swing groups,” calling the reversal since 2024 “stunning.”“What we can really say from this data is that 2024 was the outlier,” he said, adding: “Trump is a central figure. He’s had real consequences on our politics, and without his presence, I think none of these changes would be evident in the data among Latinos.”

不过,对民主党而言,拉丁裔选民方面的调查结果也并非全是好消息——过去两年里,该党在拉丁裔群体中的形象并未有所改善。虽然目前民主党在中期选举中暂时领先,但自2012年以来历次NBC新闻组织的民调显示,本次选举周期中共和党获得的拉丁裔支持率也创下了2012年以来的新高。

But the results among Latino voters are not all good news for Democrats, who have not seen their party’s image improve in two years. And while Democrats have a midterm lead, Republicans are pulling more Latino support than in any NBC News poll before the 2024 election cycle, too, dating back to 2012.

卡多纳-阿罗约分析称:“尽管当前环境对民主党较为有利,但今年11月民主党能否取得进展,主要取决于选民对特朗普的反对态度以及经济大环境,而非对民主党本身的认可度。”

“Despite a more favorable environment for Democrats, any Democratic gains this November will be driven largely more by opposition to Trump and the economic environment than by support for Democrats,” Arroyo-Cardona said.

在拉丁裔选民中,特朗普的支持率同样不佳:绝大多数拉丁裔选民不认可总统在应对生活成本上涨(78%)、经济发展(74%)、外交政策(68%)以及移民问题(69%)方面的举措。在所测试的五个议题中,边境安全是特朗普表现相对较好的领域:39%的拉丁裔选民认可他在此问题上的处理方式,58%则表示不认可。

Trump struggles Latino voters overwhelmingly disapprove of the president’s handling of the cost of living (78%), the economy (74%), foreign policy (68%) and immigration (69%). Trump’s best issue of the five tested is border security — where 39% approve and 58% disapprove of his handling.

他在外交政策、经济以及生活成本问题上的支持率,显著低于2022年9月时任总统乔·拜登在拉丁裔选民中的表现。当时,尽管民主党失去了众议院控制权,但在中期选举中仍取得了好于预期的成绩。当时,有60%的拉丁裔选民不认可拜登处理生活成本问题的方式,54%的选民不认可他处理经济问题的方式。近三分之二(65%)的拉丁裔选民认为总统的各项政策损害了经济状况,仅有23%的人认为这些政策起到了积极作用,11%的人则认为影响不大。

His marks on foreign policy, the economy and cost of living are significantly lower than where then-President Joe Biden sat with Latino voters in September 2022, when Democrats had a better-than-expected midterm result despite losing control of the House. Then, 60% disapproved of Biden’s handling of the cost of living and 54% disapproved of his handling of the economy. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of Latino voters say the president’s policies have hurt economic conditions, compared with 23% who say his policies have helped and 11% who say they haven’t made much of a difference.

在无党派的拉丁裔选民中,只有10%认为总统的政策有助于经济发展,而72%的人认为这些政策产生了负面影响。与此同时,通货膨胀与生活成本问题被33%的拉丁裔选民视为最重要的议题,这一比例在调查中高居榜首;更有52%的选民将其列为最重要或第二重要的议题。那些将生活成本视为首要关切的拉丁裔选民,更倾向于支持由民主党掌控的国会,两者支持率差距达22个百分点。

Among Latino independents, just 10% believe his policies have helped the economy, while 72% believe his policies have hurt it. Meanwhile, inflation and the cost of living ranked as the most important issue to 33% of Latino voters. That made it the top issue in the survey — and a majority (52%) ranked it as the most or second-most important issue. Latino voters who say the cost of living is the most important issue also prefer a Democratic Congress by 22 points.

这一趋势与2024年的民调结果形成反差——当时共和党在这些选民中反而领先4个百分点。绝大多数拉丁裔选民(63%)表示自家收入增速赶不上生活成本上涨速度,25%的人称收入与物价涨幅持平,11%的人则表示收入增长速度快于物价上涨速度,这一比例与2024年的调查结果相近。参与此次调查的佛罗里达州59岁退休人士路易莎·圣地亚哥随后在接受NBC新闻采访时透露,她一生中一直投票给民主党,但在2024年转而支持特朗普,还说服了许多朋友也这么做。

That’s a shift from the 2024 poll, when Republicans had a 4-point edge among these voters. A sizable majority of Latinos (63%) say their family’s income is falling behind the cost of living, while 25% say it is staying even and 11% say it is going up faster than the cost of living, similar to findings in 2024. Luisa Santiago, a 59-year-old Florida retiree who participated in the survey, told NBC News in a subsequent interview that she voted for Trump in 2024 after a lifetime of voting for Democrats and convinced many of her friends to do the same.

她对民主党在经济及跨性别者相关议题上的表现感到失望。“我们投票给共和党时觉得意义重大,可现在却觉得完全是个错误,”她称特朗普令自己“大失所望”。“比起朋友们,我更觉得难为情,因为是我说服他们投票给他的,”她补充道。

She was frustrated with the Democrats on the economy and on transgender issues. “It was a big deal when we voted for Republicans, and then we feel like it was a complete mistake,” she said, calling Trump a “disappointment.”“I’m more embarrassed than my friends because I was the one who convinced them to vote for him,” she added.

圣地亚哥严厉批评总统的驱逐政策“残忍”且“冷酷无情”,同时表示严峻的经济形势也给她和家人带来了巨大压力。虽然移民问题并未被列为首要议题,但拉丁裔选民同样对特朗普强硬的驱逐政策感到不满。三分之二的受访者认为特朗普的移民执法措施过于严苛,22%的人认为他的做法恰到好处,还有9%的人则认为力度还不够。

Santiago lambasted the president’s deportation policies as “brutal” and “cold,” while also saying the difficult economic climate is weighing heavily on her and her family. While immigration didn’t rank as highly on the priority list, Latino voters expressed similar frustration with Trump’s hard-edged deportation policies. Two-thirds say Trump’s immigration enforcement measures have gone too far, 22% say he’s struck the right approach, and 9% say he hasn’t gone far enough.

尽管83%的人支持驱逐所有犯下严重罪行的非法移民,但仅有37%的人赞成驱逐美国境内的所有非法移民。共和党民调专家罗伯茨指出,民众对驱逐重罪犯与驱逐所有非法移民的支持程度存在明显差异,并由此设想了共和党原本可能取得的成果。“民众确实支持一定程度的移民执法,但拉丁裔选民认为目前的举措已经远远超出了合理范围,”他补充道。

While 83% support deporting all undocumented immigrants who have committed serious crimes, just 37% support deporting every undocumented immigrant in the U.S. Roberts, the Republican pollster, pointed to the difference between support for deporting serious criminals and deporting everyone in America illegally as he imagined “what might have been” for Republicans. “There is support for a certain level of immigration enforcement, but the Latino electorate believes it’s gone way too far,” he added.

此次民调显示,31%的拉丁裔选民表示,出于对移民与海关执法局执法的担忧,他们或身边的人都开始随身携带身份证件;27%的人称自己认识在过去两年里被移民与海关执法局驱逐或拘留的人。18%的受访者表示,过去两年里他们或身边的人因担心遭到执法局查处而考虑离开美国;17%的人则表示,出于同样的顾虑,他们或身边的人甚至考虑今年不亲自去投票。

In the poll, 31% of Latino voters say they or someone close to them started carrying identification over concerns about ICE enforcement, while 27% say they know someone who has been deported or detained by ICE in the last two years. Eighteen percent say they or someone close to them has considered leaving the U.S. over the last two years over concerns about ICE enforcement, and 17% say they or someone close to them has considered not voting in person this year because of concerns about ICE.

参与此次民调的一位20多岁的佛罗里达州选民玛丽亚在接受NBC新闻后续采访时称,自两年前投票支持特朗普以来,他的表现“远未达预期”。谈及政治话题时,她拒绝透露自己的姓氏。她表达了对经济状况和驱逐政策的强烈不满,并指出虽然特朗普曾承诺只驱逐那些罪大恶极的非法移民,但“我的很多朋友和家人都被驱逐了”。

Maria, a Florida voter in her 20s who responded to the poll, told NBC News in a follow-up interview that Trump has “fallen short” in the two years since she voted for him. She declined to share her last name while discussing politics. She highlighted frustration on the economy and on deportations, arguing that while Trump promised to deport the worst of the worst, “I’ve had many friends, family members deported.”

她强调:“他们本应合法居留于此,也持有相关证件,可这一切都无济于事。如今他们永远也回不来了。”

“They were supposed to be here. They had paperwork, and it didn’t matter. And now they can never come back. One of my friend’s grandpas didn’t even get deported to his home country. He got deported to Mexico instead of Cuba,” she later added.

我一位朋友的一位祖父甚至没有被遣返到他的祖国,而是被遣送到墨西哥,而不是古巴,”她后来补充道。中期选举余波:在拉丁裔人口占比较高的州和选区,特朗普和共和党的支持率可能会在11月遇到麻烦。共和党民调专家罗伯茨说:“在全国许多西语裔和拉丁裔人口占比较高的选区,特朗普和共和党在2024年表现良好,而且达到了前所未有的最佳成绩,而你会看到这种趋势将在今年发生逆转。”

Midterms fallout The numbers for Trump and Republicans could spell trouble in November in states and districts with sizable Latino populations. “In a lot of the heavily Hispanic and Latino districts across the country that Trump and Republicans did well, and better than ever in, in 2024, you’re going to see that reversal,” said Roberts, the Republican pollster, noting Trump’s tough numbers on immigration and the cost of living.

他指出,特朗普在移民和生活成本问题上的支持率不容乐观。罗伯茨说:“这份完整的民调充满了非常明确的趋势信号,表明拉丁裔已经相比2024年发生了转变,并准备在谁掌控国会的问题上作出不同选择。”民主党在国会综合选票民调中领先24个百分点,是2024年同版民调中领先幅度的两倍。但这一领先幅度仍远不及2018年中期选举同期民主党所拥有的43个百分点优势。

“This entire poll is full of very clear directional signals that Latinos have turned from 2024 and are ready to make a different choice with regard to who’s in control of Congress,” Roberts said. Democrats’ 24-point lead on the generic congressional ballot is twice as large as their margin in the 2024 version of the poll. But it’s not nearly as wide as the 43-point lead the party enjoyed at this point in the 2018 midterms.

拉丁裔选民现在也以显著优势认为,民主党能更好地处理生活成本和经济问题,从而抹去特朗普和共和党在以往选举中享有的优势。在其他问题上,拉丁裔选民也倾向支持由民主党来处理;在哪个党能更好地处理边境安全问题上,双方则打成平手。更多选民表示,民主党比共和党更有可能认同他们的价值观,并回应西语裔社群所关心的问题。

Latino voters also now say Democrats would better handle the cost of living and the economy by significant margins, erasing the advantages Trump and Republicans have enjoyed in past elections. Latino voters favor Democrats to handle other issues, and they break even on which party would better handle border security. More voters also say Democrats are more likely than Republicans to share their values and address the concerns of the Hispanic community.

在经济不满情绪之中,选民前往投票的意愿也更强。相当大比例的选民(72%)称自己对11月选举的兴趣达到10分(满分10分),而2024年同期这一比例为54%。与此同时,62%的选民表示,今年他们比以往中期选举时更有动力去投票。

Amid the economic frustrations, voters are also more motivated to head to the polls in November. A sizable majority (72%) rank themselves a 10 out of 10 in terms of interest in November’s elections, compared with 54% at this time in 2024. Meanwhile, 62% say they are more motivated to vote this year than in midterms past.

大多数受访者(54%)表示,他们在中期选举中投票是为了表达反对特朗普的立场;21%的人则表示希望借此表达对特朗普的支持;另有23%的人称自己的投票与向总统传递何种信号并无关联。虽然此次民调结果对民主党而言短期内是利好,但也显示出一些长期趋势对其不利。自2024年以来,拉丁裔选民对共和党的负面看法显著上升,但对民主党的评价却并未改善。

And a majority (54%) say their midterm vote is meant to send a signal of opposition to Trump, while 21% say they want to signal their support for Trump and 23% say their vote is not about sending a signal to the president either way. While the poll results offer plenty of short-term upside for Democrats, they also outline longer-term changes trending against the party. While Latino voters’ negative views of the GOP have jumped since 2024, views of the Democratic Party have not improved.

目前,62%的拉丁裔选民对共和党持负面态度,这一比例较两年前上升了16个百分点;而对民主党持负面看法的比例也达到42%,较2024年上升了4个百分点。来自佛罗里达州、20多岁的选民玛丽亚说道:“我对民主党仍心存顾虑,因为除了别人灌输给我的信息外,我对他们了解不多。”不过她又补充道,自己目前仍倾向于把票投给民主党:“我觉得现在只能寄希望于他们来解决问题。”

Now, 62% of Latino voters have negative views of the Republican Party, a 16-point increase from two years ago, while 42% have a negative view of the Democratic Party, a 4-point increase from 2024. “I’m still wary about the Democratic Party because I don’t really know that much other than what I was fed,” said Maria, the Florida voter in her 20s, before adding that she’s still leaning toward voting for Democrats: “I feel like I have to put my faith in them now to fix things.”

她表示,自己在2024年投票给特朗普,很大程度上是因为家人让她对社会主义和民主党产生了恐惧心理。民调显示,社会主义在拉丁裔选民中依然不受欢迎:13%的人对其持正面态度,41%的人持负面态度,另有38%的人持中立态度。负责此次民调的民主党民调专家卡多纳-阿罗约指出,中期选举后,民主党仍需努力打造更具广泛吸引力的宣传信息。

She said she voted for Trump in 2024 in large part because her family instilled a fear of socialism and Democrats in her. The poll found that socialism remains underwater with Latino voters — 13% feel positively about it and 41% view socialism negatively, with 38 feeling neutral about socialism. Cardona-Arroyo, the Democratic pollster, noted that the party has work to do after the midterms to develop a broader message.

“民主党该如何摆脱目前这种仅靠反对共和党来争取选票的局面呢?我认为这一策略在2026年或许行得通,”卡多纳-阿罗约说道,“不过到了2028年是否还能奏效,目前还是个未知数。”此次NBC新闻/Telemundo联合民调于9月21日至28日期间开展,共调查了800名拉丁裔选民,调查方式包括电话访谈以及通过短信发送的在线问卷。总体而言,20%的访谈是以西班牙语进行的。该民调的误差范围为正负3.5个百分点。

“What do Democrats do to move beyond this place where they’re running on opposition to the Republican Party, which I think will work in ’26,” Cardona-Arroyo said. “It’s sort of an open question of whether that will work in ’28.”The NBC News/Telemundo poll surveyed 800ed Latino voters Sept. 21-28 via a mix of telephone interviews and an online survey sent via text messages. Overall, 20% of the interviews were conducted in Spanish. The poll has a margin of error of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points.