美国中期选举：特朗普是否正在用纳税人的钱进行竞选？Carla Bleiker 2026年10月7日 尽管特朗普并未出现在选票上，但他仍在上届中期选举前积极进行竞选活动。他的策略和承诺大多是以美国纳税人为代价的。专家认为，其中一些行为可能违反了联邦法律。
US midterms: Is Trump campaigning at taxpayers' expense? Carla Bleiker October 7, 2026 Despite not being on the ballot, Trump is campaigning hard ahead of the upcoming midterm elections. His tactics and promises have mostly been at the expense of US taypayers. Experts say some might violate federal law.
唐纳德·特朗普一直在为在即将到来的中期选举中维持共和党的多数席位而进行竞选。
Donald Trump has been campaigning to retain a Republican majority in the upcoming midterm elections
这既不是玩笑，也不是假新闻，而是本周早些时候的一则真实报道：唐纳德·特朗普已经让步。周一，这位美国总统宣布，九月份播出的一系列宣传他本人及其政府的广告将不再使用纳税人的资金。“激进的左派对我使用广告感到不满，而我认为这些广告是对我们伟大美国国的积极宣传，并且是用美国人的钱支付的，”特朗普在他的社交平台“真相社交”上写道。
It's neither a joke nor fake news but a real report from earlier this week: Donald Trump has backed down. On Monday, the US president announced that a series of s aired in September promoting him and his administration would no longer be funded with taxpayer money "The radical Left is upset with the fact that I am taking ads, which I consider to be a positive promotion for our great USA, and paying for them with USA money," Trump wrote on his platform Truth Social.
他接着声称，用公共资金资助党派广告是“相当常规的做法”，并补充说未来的广告将使用捐赠所得的资金支付。
He went on to claim that funding partisan ads with public money was a "rather standard thing to do," before adding that future ads would be paid with money raised from donations.
这些广告本身在美国引发了一些争议。它们于九月在《周六夜现场》等热门节目和橄榄球比赛之间播出，并标注着“由美国政府支付”——也就是说，是用税款支付的。
The ads themselves have caused some controversy in the United States They ran in September between popular shows such as Saturday Night Live and football games, marked with the line: "paid for by the US government" — that is, paid with tax dollars.
这些广告展示了诸如今年早些时候美军俘虏委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗等场景，但内容主要由特朗普本人的图片和视频组成，并伴随着充满攻击性的言论，例如他将“驱逐战争贩子”或“推翻病态的政治阶层”，并确保美国不会变成共产主义国家。
The commercials showed scenes such as when S troops captured Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro earlier this year but they mostly consisted of images and videos of Trump himself, along with combative messages that he would "expel the warmongers" or "throw off the sick political class," and ensure that the US did not become a communist state.
为何欧洲极右翼开始疏远特朗普 要观看此视频，以及个人赞美所用的公共资金 政治对手和一系列非政府组织对该活动提出了尖锐批评。美国法律不仅禁止使用纳税人资金进行政治宣传，而且这些广告还出现在中期选举前不久——中期选举是在总统四年任期过半时举行的选举。
Why Europe's far right is turning away from Trump To view this video , and Public funds for personal praise Political opponents and a series of NGOs responded to the campaign with sharp criticism. Not only does US law prohibit the use of taypayer funds for political s, but the ads also appeared shortly before the midterms — elections held near the midpoint of a president's four-year term.
周二，美国广播公司（CBS）报道称，根据合同记录，美国国土安全部曾向一家机构支付了2000万美元（1790万欧元），用于开展一场“全国性媒体活动”。特朗普所提到的这种“相当标准”的做法实际上适用于公共服务公告，但美国非营利消费者倡导组织“公民公共”（Public Citizen）认为，这些活动广告并非如此。
On Tuesday, the US broadcasting network CBS reported that, according to contracting records, the US Department of Homeland Security had paid an agency $20 million (€17.9 million) for a "national media campaign." The "rather standard" practice that Trump referred to actually applies to public service announcements, but this is not what the campaign ads are, argued the US non-profit consumer advocacy group Public Citizen.
“联邦法律明确禁止将已拨款的公共资金用于政府宣传、自我吹捧或党派政治广告，”该组织在向联邦通信委员会（FCC）提交的公开投诉中写道，“然而，特朗普近期这些活动广告的性质正是如此。”独立专家也表达了担忧。华盛顿特区美国大学公共管理与政策系教授帕特里克·马龙表示，这些视频发布的时间点存在问题。
"Federal law explicitly prohibits using appropriated public funds for government propaganda, self-aggrandizement, or partisan political advertising," the organization wrote in a public complaint to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ."Yet, that is exactly the nature of Trump's recent campaign ads." Independent experts have also voiced concerns. Patrick Malone, a professor in the department of Public Administration and Policy at American University in Washington DC, said the timing of the videos was problematic.
“你本不该用纳税人的钱支付任何与竞选活动相关的事情，”他告诉德国之声（DW），“从技术上讲，[特朗普]并没有进行竞选活动。他并没有说‘请投票给我！’但问题恰恰出在时间点上。在中期选举前几周发布这些内容，确实是个大问题。” 美国未经国会和联合国批准发动对伊朗的袭击 共和党在中期选举后能否保住多数席位？
"You're not supposed to use taxpayer dollars to pay for anything that's campaign-related," he told DW. "Technically, [Trump] is not campaigning. He's not saying 'Vote for me!' The thing that's created the challenge here is the timing. Weeks before the midterms, this is a real big issue."
选民在中期选举中并不选择总统，而是选择国会成员。国会由参议院和众议院组成，是联邦政府的立法机构。11月3日，有投票资格的选民将为众议院的所有席位以及参议院约三分之一的席位投票。一些州还将同时选举州长。
US Iran attack launched without US Congress, UN approval Will the Republicans keep their majority after midterms? Voters do not choose presidents in the midterm elections but members of Congres, which comprises the Senate and the House of Representatives and is the legislative branch of the federal government. On November 3, those eligible to vote will cast their ballots for all the seats in the House of Representatives, and roughly a third of the seats in the Senate. Some states will also be choosing governors.
共和党在最近几次民意调查中表现不佳，这或许也是特朗普试图宣传其党派成就的原因。目前，共和党在参众两院均占据多数席位：参议院拥有100个席位中的53个，众议院则拥有435个席位中的219个。这使得特朗普能够相当轻松地通过大量提案。
Republicans have not been faring well in recent polls, which may be why Trump has been trying to promote his party's achievements. The Republicans currently hold a majority in both houses, with 53 of 100 seats in the Senate, and 219 of 435 seats in the House of Representatives. This has enabled Trump to pass a large number of his proposals fairly easily.
但周一发布的路透社/Ipsos民意调查显示，这种情况可能很快会发生变化。调查指出：“50岁及以上的选民对特朗普所在政党的支持率仅比民主党高出2个百分点——44%比42%——而12月份时，共和党的支持率还领先8个百分点。”这一年龄群体“对中期选举尤为重要，因为从历史上看，年长美国人在中期选举选民中一直占据较大比例。”与此同时，在50岁以下的选民中，“民主党以18个百分点的优势领先”，调查显示。
But a Reuters/Ipsos poll released on Monday indicates that this could soon change. "Voters age 50 or older preferred Trump's party over the Democratic Party by just 2 percentage points — 44% to 42% — compared to an 8-point Republican advantage in December," it found. This age bracket "is particularly important for midterm elections, when older Americans historically have made up large shares of the electorate." Meanwhile, among voters under the age of 50, "Democrats led by 18 points," the survey showed.
该调查还发现，人们对特朗普本人的评价较低，“仅有32%的美国人对其总统任期表示认可。”研究强调，这一支持率与之前的一项调查结果相比并未发生变化，“当时这位领导人的支持率已跌至其政治生涯的最低点。”共和党人回避特朗普的支持 这也可能是共和党候选人不太愿意与总统一同公开亮相的原因之一——而此类活动通常是竞选活动中的亮点。
The poll also found that opinions on Trump himself were low, with "32% of Americans giving a thumbs up to Trump's presidency." This level of approval, the study highlighted, was unchanged from an earlier poll "that saw the leader's rating at the lowest of his political career." Republicans shy away from Trump's support This could also be one of the reasons why Republican candidates do not seem so keen on making public appearances with the president, usually a highlight of a campaign trail.
许多美国公民将特朗普与高昂的生活成本，以及持续了半年之久的对伊战争联系在一起。
Many US citizens associate Trump with high living costs, or the war with Iran which has dragged on for over half a year now.
一位共和党工作人员在要求匿名的情况下，向新闻网站《政治报》透露，如果总统访问某个摇摆州——即民主党与共和党支持者在选民中势均力敌的州——为他的政党进行竞选活动，他们怀疑自己的“候选人会感染新冠”，以避免不得不出席。
One Republican operative told the news website Politico on condition of anonymity that if the the president were to visit a battleground state — where Democratic and Republican support is fairly equal among voters — to campaign for his party, they suspected their "candidates would come down with COVID" to avoid having to attend.
今年9月，多位共和党人缺席了特朗普的大型党代会议——这类会议通常用于总统选举，而非中期选举——尽管该活动本可以为他们提供宣传竞选的平台。
In September, a number of Republicans skipped Trump's big party convention— typically reserved for presidential, not midterm elections — even though the event could have offered them a platform for their campaign.
来自缅因州的苏珊·柯林斯和来自阿拉斯加州的丹·沙利文，就是两位参议院席位面临挑战却未出席的共和党参议员。来自摇摆州亚利桑那州、艾奥瓦州和密歇根州的众议院候选人同样没有出席。
Susan Collins from Maine and Dan Sullivan from Alaska, are just two examples of Republican senators whose seats are on the line and who did not attend. Neither did candidates for the House of Representatives from the swing states Arizona, Iowa and Michigan.
特朗普为中期选举胜利向美国人提供5000美元奖励 特朗普承诺若共和党获胜将发放5000美元奖金 那些缺席活动的人错过了总统重复一个不同寻常的竞选信息：为了鼓励更多人投票，特朗普敦促支持者“假装”他出现在选票上。
Trump offers Americans $5,000 for midterm victory Trump promises $5,000 payout if Republicans win Those who skipped the event missed the president repeating an unusual campaign message: To encourage more people to vote, Trump urged supporters to "pretend" he was on the ballot.
如果这还不够，他还承诺，如果共和党在国会两院保持多数席位，每位有投票资格的美国公民都将获得5000美元奖金。
And if that wasn't enough, he also promised each US citizen eligible to vote a $5,000 payout if Republicans maintained their majority in both houses of Congress.
兑现这一承诺可能需要联邦政府支出超过1.2万亿美元，但观察人士认为，这种情况几乎不可能发生。
Keeping that pledge could cost the federal government over $1.2 trillion, but observers doubt it would ever come to that. "He has no money to do that with.
马洛恩解释说：“他根本没有这笔钱。这必须经过国会的授权和拨款。”他补充道：“我认为可能性非常渺茫。这就像‘墨西哥会支付建墙费用’那种说法一样。”至于特朗普的广告或承诺的奖金是否足以动员共和党多数派的支持，仍有待观察。
It would have to be authorized and appropriated by Congress," Mallone explained. "I think the likelihood is very slim," he added. "It's one of those things like 'Mexico is going to pay for the wall.'" Whether Trump's commercials or promised payouts will be enough to rally majority Republican support remains to be seen.