华盛顿，10月9日 - 五角大楼周四表示，将对2009年在胡德堡军事基地杀害13人的男子执行枪决进行直播，这一前所未有的宣布引发了关于其合法性的质疑。以下是美国法律关于公开处决和枪决的规定。美国允许枪决吗？
WASHINGTON, Oct 9 - The Pentagon said on Thursday that it would livestream the firing squad execution of the man who killed 13 people at the Fort Hood military base in 2009, raising questions about the legality of the unprecedented announcement. Here's what US law says about public executions and death by firing squad. IS DEATH BY FIRING SQUAD LEGAL IN THE US?
允许。美国最高法院在1879年做出的一项全票裁决中表示，枪决不属于宪法禁止的“残酷和非常规惩罚”。大法官们去年为南卡罗来纳州数十年来首次执行枪决铺平了道路。
Yes. The US Supreme Court said in a unanimous 1879 decision that execution by firing squad is not "cruel and unusual punishment" prohibited by the Constitution. The justices last year cleared the way for South Carolina to carry out its first execution by firing squad in decades.
目前有五个州允许枪决：爱达荷州、密西西比州、俄克拉荷马州、南卡罗来纳州和犹他州。特朗普政府今年早些时候表示，将允许联邦监狱系统执行枪决。
Five states currently allow executions by firing squad: Idaho, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Utah. The Trump administration earlier this year said it would allow execution by firing squad in the federal prison system.
美国陆军曾定期对被判犯有逃兵或其他罪行的美军士兵执行枪决。在1861年至1865年的内战期间，数百名美军士兵被判处死刑。
The US Army also once regularly carried out executions by firing squad of US soldiers found guilty of desertion or other offenses. Hundreds of US soldiers were sentenced to death during the Civil War from 1861 to 1865.
根据《统一军事司法典》，总统是唯一有权批准美军现役人员死刑判决的人。特朗普总统于10月5日批准了五角大楼对胡德堡枪手、前陆军精神科医生尼达尔·哈桑执行死刑的计划。处决可以广播吗？
Under the Uniform Code of Military Justice, the president is the only person who can approve a death sentence for a member of the US armed services. President Donald Trump on October 5 signed off on the Pentagon's plan to execute the Fort Hood gunman, Nidal Hasan, a former Army psychiatrist. CAN EXECUTIONS BE BROADCAST?
美国的处决曾经是公开的场面，但在过去一个世纪里，都是在矫正设施内、公众视线之外进行的。
Executions in the US were once public spectacles, but in the last century have been carried out in correctional facilities away from the public eye.
1936年，一名被判强奸罪的男子在肯塔基州欧文斯伯勒当着数千人的面被绞死，次年，数百人在密苏里州观看了一场公开绞刑。
In 1936, a man convicted of rape was hanged in front of thousands in Owensboro, Kentucky, while the following year, hundreds watched a public hanging in Missouri.
美国法律禁止在联邦监狱系统中记录或广播执行过程。但军事法规并未将同样的禁令适用于军事处决。哈桑于2013年被军事陪审团以预谋杀人罪定罪，此前经过了军事法庭审判。
A US law prohibits the recording or broadcasting of executions in the federal prison system. But military regulations have not applied that same prohibition to military executions. Hasan was convicted of premeditated murder by a military jury in 2013, following a court-martial trial.
州法律规定谁可以旁观处决，通常仅限授权官员、家属、法律顾问以及少数媒体代表。
State laws regulate who can witness executions, generally limiting access to authorized officials, family members, legal counsel, and a handful of media representatives.
法院长期以来一直驳回媒体组织为寻求更广泛的公众旁观处决权而提起的诉讼。
Courts have long rejected lawsuits brought by media organizations seeking broader public access to executions.
2021年，一名法官拒绝了一家互联网公司的请求，该公司试图直播蒂莫西·麦克维的注射死刑执行过程。麦克维是一名反政府激进分子，1995年在俄克拉荷马城炸毁联邦大楼，造成168人死亡。司法部确实提供了一个受限的闭路电视广播，仅面向爆炸案幸存者和受害者家属。哈桑能在法庭上对其处决提出质疑吗？
In 2021, a judge denied a request by an internet company to livestream the lethal injection execution of Timothy McVeigh, an anti-government militant who bombed a federal building in Oklahoma City in 1995, killing 168 people. The Justice Department did provide a restricted, closed-circuit television broadcast exclusively for survivors of the bombing and victims' families. COULD HASAN CHALLENGE HIS EXECUTION IN COURT?
虽然哈桑已在军事司法系统内用尽了直接上诉途径，但他仍可在联邦民事法院系统中对其定罪和判决提出质疑。
While Hasan has exhausted his direct appeals within the military justice system, he can still challenge his underlying conviction and sentence in the federal civilian court system.
这种被称为联邦人身保护令程序的质疑，为死刑执行前提供了另一层审查。
Such a challenge, known as a federal habeas corpus proceedings, provides another layer of review before a death sentence is carried out.
即使不成功，这种程序也可能拖延处决，可能长达数年。哈桑的处决目前定于12月3日进行。
Even if unsuccessful, such an could stall the execution, potentially for years. Hasan's execution is currently set for December 3.