能源价格飙升，欧盟正考虑对油气企业征收意外利润税 作者：凯特·阿贝特 卢森堡，10月12日——欧盟税务负责人周一向路透社表示，欧盟正在研究在整个联盟范围内对石油和天然气公司征收意外利润税的可能性，各国政府正竭力筹集资金，以应对能源账单飙升的问题。
EU looking at oil and gas windfall profit tax as energy prices soar By Kate Abnett LUXEMBOURG, Oct 12 - The European Union is examining a bloc-wide windfall profit tax on oil and gas companies, the EU's tax chief told Reuters on Monday, as governments scramble for funds to help citizens with soaring energy bills.
今年，石油和天然气公司获得了巨额利润。在美国与以色列同伊朗的战争期间，能源价格大幅上涨，霍尔木兹海峡航运中断，伊朗对海湾邻国发动袭击，进一步加剧了能源市场的动荡。
Oil and gas companies have reaped bumper profits this year, as energy prices have surged during the US-Israeli war with Iran, amid disruptions to shipping through the Strait of Hormuz and Iranian attacks on Gulf neighbours.
负责气候和税收事务的欧盟委员沃普克·赫克斯特拉表示，欧盟委员会正在成立一个工作组，以评估征收此类税收的利弊，并判断该措施是否可行。
Wopke Hoekstra, the European Commissioner responsible for climate and taxation, said the Commission was setting up a working group to examine the merits and drawbacks of a levy and assess whether such a measure would be viable.
赫克斯特拉在一次采访中说：“民众，尤其是弱势群体，正面临能源账单的急剧上涨。而一些公司却在未提供任何额外服务或产品的前提下，获得了真正过高的收益。他们正在从世界的动荡中攫取利益。”
"Citizens, and particularly vulnerable citizens, are confronted with dramatic increases in their energy bills. And some companies are reaping truly excessive benefits without delivering any additional service or any additional products. They're reaping the benefits from the world being in turmoil," Hoekstra said in an interview.
他还表示：“对许多民众和许多政治家来说，这似乎并不合理……我认为，无论我们最终如何讨论这个问题，大家都能理解其背后的逻辑。”
"To many citizens and many politicians, that feels off... I think we all have sympathy for the underlying logic, regardless of where we exactly take the conversation," he said.
基准布伦特原油期货价格在4月底一度升至每桶近120美元的多年来最高水平，目前仍高于年初水平70%以上，这进一步推高了石油精炼商和生产商的利润。
Benchmark Brent crude futures prices climbed to multi‑year highs near $120 a barrel in late April and remain more than 70% above their level at the start of the year, boosting profits for oil refiners and producers.
德国、西班牙、葡萄牙、意大利、波兰和奥地利已敦促欧盟研究在整个联盟范围内征收意外利润税的可能性。赫克斯特拉表示，布鲁塞尔将仔细评估任何潜在措施的法律地位。
Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Poland and Austria have urged the EU to examine a bloc-wide windfall profit tax. Hoekstra said Brussels would carefully assess the legal status of any potential measure.
2022年，在俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰导致能源价格飙升后，欧盟曾对石油、天然气、煤炭及炼油公司征收了意外利润税。然而，包括埃克森美孚在内的多家公司以该措施违法为由提出诉讼，相关法律挑战至今仍在进行中。
The EU introduced a windfall profit levy on oil, gas, coal and refining companies in 2022 after Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine sent energy prices soaring. Legal challenges are still pending after companies including ExxonMobil argued the measure was unlawful.
“我们仍在就2022年做出类似决定的相关案件进行诉讼，”霍克斯特拉说，“因此，这也是我们需要考虑的因素之一。”2022年的方案对超额利润征收至少33%的税，而超额利润的定义是超出公司前几年平均盈利水平20%以上的利润。根据欧盟委员会的一份报告，该方案筹集了近290亿欧元（320亿美元）。
"We're still litigating court cases from the decision in 2022 to do something similar," Hoekstra said. "So that is something that we need to take into account as well." The 2022 scheme imposed a minimum 33% levy on surplus profits, defined as profits more than 20% above a company's average earnings in previous years. It raised nearly €29 billion ($32 billion), according to a Commission report.
一些欧盟国家已经推出了国家层面的意外收益税。例如，葡萄牙对石油和炼油公司在2026年获得的超额利润征收了33%的税。
Some EU countries have already introduced national windfall levies. Portugal, for example, imposed a 33% tax on extraordinary profits earned in 2026 by oil and refining companies.