国际货币基金组织（IMF）总裁表示，美国和其他富裕国家需要紧急应对不断攀升的全球债务水平，这些债务对低收入国家的冲击最为沉重，并正在给全球金融体系带来压力。
The head of the International Monetary Fund says the United States and other wealthy nations need to urgently tackle mounting global debt levels that are weighing heaviest on low-income countries BANGKOK -- The head of the International Monetary Fund said Wednesday that the U.S. and other wealthy nations need to urgently tackle mounting global debt levels that are weighing most heavily on low-income countries and straining the global financial system.
曼谷——国际货币基金组织总裁周三表示，美国和其他富裕国家需要紧急应对不断攀升的全球债务水平，这些债务对低收入国家的冲击最为沉重，并正在给全球金融体系带来压力。
IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva said that while U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and other U.S. leaders recognize that the federal deficit and national debt have grown too high, just trying to grow the U.S. economy out of its more than $40 trillion in national debt would not suffice.
国际货币基金组织总裁克里斯塔利娜·格奥尔基耶娃表示，虽然美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特和其他美国领导人认识到联邦赤字和国家债务已过高，但仅靠刺激美国经济增长来摆脱超过40万亿美元的国家债务是不够的。
Rising bond yields, reflecting the higher premiums associated with greater risks, have meanwhile been disrupting financial markets.
与此同时，反映更高风险溢价的债券收益率上升，一直在扰乱金融市场。
“At the fund, we believe that, growth, of course, helps, but it cannot deliver fast enough the necessary adjustments,” Georgieva said at the autumn meeting of the IMF and World Bank in Bangkok.
“在基金组织，我们认为，增长当然有帮助，但无法足够快地实现必要的调整，”格奥尔基耶娃在曼谷举行的国际货币基金组织和世界银行秋季会议上表示。
“There is no magic,” she said, noting some other measures would be needed. “You have to go in a direction of tightening ... bringing the deficit down.”Rising debt levels and global inflation, partly resulting from high energy costs due to the Iran war, have pushed interest rates to multidecade highs, adding to the burdens of the world’s poorest nations.
“没有灵丹妙药，”她说，并指出还需要采取其他一些措施。“你必须走向紧缩的方向……把赤字降下来。” 债务水平上升和全球通胀——部分源于伊朗战争导致的高昂能源成本——已将利率推至数十年高位，加重了世界上最贫穷国家的负担。
Efforts to bring debt under control with what Georgieva and other experts call “fiscal consolidation” have suffered setbacks from heavy spending during the COVID-19 pandemic and since.
格奥尔基耶娃和其他专家所称的“财政整顿”旨在控制债务，但因新冠疫情期间及之后的大量支出而遭遇挫折。
“Fiscal risks are rising, and a proper reaction is largely absent in many countries,” said Rodrigo Valdes, director of the IMF's Fiscal Affairs Department. “And in major advanced economies, the effect of fiscal indiscipline does not stop at the border. It travels to the rest of the world.”“Among the world’s poorest countries, interest payments have reached historic highs relative to revenue, and declining amounts of aid are creating gaps that some countries have been unable to finance,” the IMF's latest Fiscal Monitor said.
“财政风险正在上升，但许多国家却未能采取妥善应对措施，”国际货币基金组织财政事务部主任罗德里戈·巴尔德斯说道。“在主要发达经济体，财政管理失当所带来的影响绝不会止步于国境线，它会波及全世界。”国际货币基金组织最新发布的《财政监测报告》指出：“在全球最贫困的国家中，利息支出占财政收入的比重已升至历史高位；援助资金不断减少则导致资金缺口，部分国家已无力填补这一缺口。”
That is forcing countries to make hard choices between supporting their most vulnerable people and meeting their debt repayment obligations.
这种情况迫使各国不得不在救助弱势群体与履行偿债义务之间做出艰难抉择。
"The Global South is paying the price for rising interest rates in wealthier countries,” U.K. Foreign Secretary Ed Miliband said at an event on the sidelines of the IMF meetings.
“全球南方国家正在为富裕国家利率上升付出代价，”英国外交大臣埃德·米利班德在国际货币基金组织会议期间举行的活动上说道。“我们需要达成一项新的债务协议——该协议应允许各国在更长的期限内偿还债务；尤为关键的是，要通过更优惠的利率实现债务再融资，从而为发展中国家腾出宝贵的财政空间。”
“We need a new deal on debt, a deal that supports countries to repay over longer time horizons and, crucially, refinancing with better rates to give developing countries precious fiscal space,” he said.
比利时前首相、联合国开发计划署署长亚历山大·德克罗指出，目前大多数发展中国家的利息支出水平是发达国家的三倍之多。
The median developing country is paying three times more on their interest repayments than developed countries, noted Alexander De Croo, former Belgian prime minister and the administrator of the United Nations Development Programme.
平均而言，各国政府近10%的支出用于偿还债务。而燃料、化肥等必需品价格居高不下、厄尔尼诺气候现象带来的负面影响以及借贷成本上升等多重因素叠加，使得众多低收入国家几乎丧失了经济复苏的可能。
On average nearly 10% of government spending is going to repay debt, and the combination of high prices for fuel, fertilizer and other needs, the impact of the El Nino weather phenomenon and higher borrowing costs has left many low income countries with little opportunity to recover.
“坦率地说，我们看不到任何好转的迹象，”德克罗在接受美联社采访时说道。
“I mean, we don’t see really a light at the end of the tunnel,” De Croo said, said in an interview with The Associated Press.
创造就业岗位是另一项首要任务，尤其是在人工智能的日益广泛应用可能导致许多传统职业被淘汰的当下。预计未来十年左右，将有超过12亿年轻人进入全球劳动力市场，而预测显示净新增就业岗位仅为4亿个。
Generating jobs, especially at a time when increasing use of artificial intelligence threatens to make many traditional occupations obsolete, is another top priority. More than 1.2 billion young people are expected to enter the global workforce in the next decade or so, while forecasts suggest a net creation of only 400 million new jobs.
联合国开发计划署本周宣布了一项“就业促繁荣”倡议，将与各国政府、世界银行等开发银行以及私营企业合作，鼓励对旅游、医疗保健和食品加工等关键就业创造领域进行投资。
The UNDP announced this week a “Jobs for Prosperity” initiative that will work with governments, development banks such as the World Bank and private businesses to encourage investment in key job creating areas such as tourism, healthcare and food processing.
德克罗表示，该倡议及其他努力将侧重于帮助各国通过改善治理和政策来吸引投资，同时建立“可投资项目”储备。
The initiative and other efforts will focus on helping countries attract investment by improving their governance and policies, while creating pipelines of “investible projects,” De Croo said.
“这些都是可行的事情。已经证明，在世界许多地方都可以做到。”在其他事态方面，在 cyberattacks 导致法国数百家商店的制冷系统过热的一天后，国际货币基金组织、泰国央行和世界银行集团周三宣布了一项“曼谷蓝图”，以打击网络犯罪、金融欺诈和网络诈骗。
“These are things that are feasible. It’s been proven that you can do it in many places of the world.”In other developments, a day after cyberattacks caused refrigeration systems to overheat at hundreds of stores in France, the IMF, Bank of Thailand and World Bank Group announced Wednesday a “Bangkok Blueprint” to combat cybercrime, financial fraud and online scams.