不妨称之为想象力的失败。在一个战火纷飞的世界里，我始终难以理解，为何有些人不加入救火队伍，反而在四处寻找引火物。
Call it a failure of imagination. I've struggled to grasp why in a world on fire, instead of joining bucket brigades, some people are hunting for kindling.
多亏了娜奥米·克莱恩和阿斯特拉·泰勒那本精彩的新书，我现在有了答案。克莱恩和泰勒以令人不安的细节揭示了，为何一些人认为煽风点火符合其自身利益。他们指出了三个至上主义群体——宗教极端分子、技术法西斯主义者和民族主义者——这些群体围绕作者所称的“末日法西斯主义”汇聚在一起。尽管在意识形态上存在差异，这些派系却因一个共同的信念而走到一起：他们相信自己属于注定能在即将到来的末日浩劫中幸存下来的精英阶层。
Thanks to Naomi Klein and Astra Taylor's brilliant new book,I now have an answer. Klein and Taylor reveal in disturbing detail why some believe it is in their self-interest to fan the flames. They identify three groups of supremacists — religious extremists, technofascists, and ethnonationalists — who have converged around what the authors call "end times fascism." Despite their ideological differences, these factions have come together around their shared conviction that they are part of an elite destined to survive the coming apocalypse.
克莱恩此前已出版九部著作，或许最广为人知的是《》；泰勒是“债务集体”的联合创始人，其著作包括《》和《》。两人都是备受尊敬的行动主义者，很难想象有比他们更合适的向导来阐明我们面临的威胁。至关重要的是，克莱恩和泰勒还照亮了前行的道路，不仅强调了我们必须对现有破碎体系做出的修正，还凸显了人们正在以多种方式构建替代性愿景，并为我们这唯一而珍贵的世界而战。
Klein, the author of nine previous books, is perhaps best known for , and Taylor is a co-founder of the Debt Collective, and her books include and . Both are respected activists; it's hard to imagine better guides to lay out the threats before us. Crucially, Klein and Taylor also illuminate a path forward, highlighting not just the corrections we must make to our broken systems but also the many ways people are already building an alternative vision and fighting for our singular, precious world.
TED电台时光 网络替身带来的令人眩晕的混乱 作者们为上述三种法西斯主义变体各辟一节，从相信善恶终局之战是永恒救赎必要前奏的宗教极端分子开始。克莱因和泰勒带领我们穿越弥赛亚主义与法西斯主义交织的历史，其中包含若干我此前从未了解的事件。以1969年的一个例子来说，一名患有精神疾病的年轻人认定“他是人类中唯一被选中来终结并重生世界的人”。
TED Radio Hour The dizzying chaos of having an internet doppelganger The authors dedicate a section to each of the three iterations of fascists noted above, beginning with religious extremists who believe that a final battle between good and evil is a necessary precursor to eternal salvation. Klein and Taylor guide us through the entwined histories of messianism and fascism, incorporating several incidents I'd never learned about previously. In one example from 1969, a young man with mental illness determined that "he alone among men had been chosen to end, and rebirth, the world."
他本可在伊斯兰教最神圣地点之一纵火后引发全球战争，但在那个时期，宗教末日论者并非世界各国政府中的关键决策者。如今情况已非如此。相反，我们正处于一种岌岌可危的境地：那些能够影响极具毁灭性武器使用的人相信，“终结世界的恐怖即将来临，但人们应当拥抱它，甚至积极加速……因为[他们]是选民之一……[并且]将逃脱其他人被迫承受的苦难。” 娜奥米·克莱因：是什么让某些运动得以持久？
He could have initiated a global war after starting a fire at one of the holiest sites in Islam, but during that period religious end-timers were not key decisionmakers within governments around the world. This isn't the case today. Instead, we are in the precarious position where those who can influence the use of wildly destructive weapons believe that "world-ending horrors are imminent, but they should be embraced, even actively accelerated…. Because [they] are among the chosen…. [and] will escape the suffering others are forced to endure." Naomi Klein: What's The Glue That Makes Some Movements Endure?
克莱因和泰勒认为，尽管法西斯主义和弥赛亚主义都不是新事物，但它们所能造成的破坏已被放大。是的，法西斯主义常常在危机时刻兴起，尤其容易在经济和社会痛苦变得极为严重、负有责任的精英选择将愤怒向下转移至替罪羊时出现。两位作者认为，今天的法西斯分子并不比过去更坏，但“我们的世界比他们的世界更危险：武器更致命，技术远为强大，媒体更加互联，气候更加不稳定，集中财富的全球影响力比人类历史上任何时候都更大。”
Klein and Taylor argue that while neither fascism nor messianism is new, the havoc they can wreak has been amplified. Yes, fascism has often arisen during moments of crisis, and it is especially likely to occur when economic and social pain have become so acute that the elites responsible choose to redirect that anger downward towards scapegoats. Fascists aren't worse today, the authors argue, but "our world is more dangerous than their world: its weapons deadlier, its technologies vastly more potent, its media more connected, its climate more unstable, its concentrated wealth more global in reach than at any point in human history."
技术法西斯分子的财富和权力是这种威胁加剧的又一例证。宗教极端分子或许想加速末日来临，以便升入天上的掩体，但技术法西斯分子正在地球上建造实实在在的掩体，同时幻想自己能够逃往火星或月球。与此同时，他们动用自己可观的权力来对付我们其余的人。
The wealth and power of the technofascists present another example of this increased threat. Religious extremists may want to hasten the end times so they can ascend to a bunker in the sky, but technofascists are constructing literal bunkers on Earth while imagining they can flee to Mars or the moon. In the meantime, they wield their considerable power against the rest of us.
以埃隆·马斯克决定将他的超级计算机“巨像”安置在孟菲斯博克斯敦社区为例。书中详细描述，这个以黑人为主的工薪阶层社区长期与贫困作斗争，年轻人的哮喘发病率极高，却在几个月内经历了“二氧化氮——一种已知的健康风险和呼吸道刺激物”79%的增长。（顺便一提，“巨像”的名字来源于一部科幻三部曲中的超级计算机，那台计算机“反叛人类并发动了核战争”。）
Take, for example, Elon Musk's decision to put his supercomputer Colossus in the Memphis neighborhood of Boxtown. This majority-Black, working-class community, which has long struggled with poverty and whose young people have exceptionally high asthma rates, saw a 79% increase in "nitrogen dioxide, a known health risk and respiratory irritant" within months, the book details. (Colossus, by the way, was named after the supercomputer in a sci-fi trilogy that "turns on humanity and begins a nuclear war.")
如果这篇书评只收录关于技术法西斯主义者堕落行径的故事，篇幅将远远超出限制。因此，我只再举书中一个例子，关于彼得·蒂尔的风投公司举办的“末日舞会”。宾客们“被要求穿着‘黑色领结或末日风格服装’”，到场时的装扮包括“一位‘优生学博士’”和“一位‘海地厨师，围裙上挂着一只带血的玩具猫’”。第三类末日论者——族裔民族主义者——为老式法西斯主义注入了新内涵。
If this review only consisted of stories about the depravity of technofascists, it would run far beyond the space allotted. So, I'll confine myself to one more anecdote from the book about an "Apocalypse Ball" hosted by Peter Thiel's venture-capital firm. Guests were "instructed to wear 'black tie or dress for dystopia'" and arrived in costumes including "a 'doctor of eugenics'" and a "'Haitian chef with a bloodied toy cat hanging out of his apron.'" The third group of end-timers, ethnonationalists, put a new spin on old-school fascism.
他们不再将仇恨集中于国内边缘化公民或海外敌国，而是将移民作为核心目标。在一个气候混乱将迫使越来越多的人逃离不再宜居的家园的世界里，移民是一个特别好用的替罪羊。
Instead of focusing their hate on marginalized citizens within their nations or enemy nations abroad, their central target is migrants. Migrants are a particularly useful proxy in a world where climate chaos will force increasing numbers of people to flee homes that are no longer livable.
尽管现实如此严峻，克莱因（Klein）和泰勒（Taylor）在书中始终强调：人类始终都在抵抗法西斯主义的侵略。他们写道：“所有信仰的宗教领袖都坚决反对极端主义行为；这些领袖始终站在抵抗加沙地区种族灭绝以及整个地区战争的最前线，并公开反对那些利用宗教经典来为军国主义、民族主义和资本主义辩护的行为。”
Despite these grim realities, Klein and Taylor remind us throughout that people have always resisted fascist attacks. Religious fanatics are opposed by "religious leaders of all faiths [who] have been at the forefront of resistance to the genocide in Gaza and the wider regional war…. [and] vocally oppose the twisting of their sacred texts to bolster the causes of militarism, nationalism, and capitalism," Klein and Taylor write.
马斯克（Musk）的企业面临着来自‘孟菲斯反污染组织’（Memphis Community Against Pollution）的抵制——该组织成功阻止了一条原本会穿过当地含水层、穿过居民后院的原油管道的建设。今年早些时候，蕾妮·古德（Renee Good）和亚历克斯·普雷蒂（Alex Pretti）因抗议法西斯主义的移民政策而遭到杀害，明尼苏达州的民众随即团结起来，展现了跨种族、跨阶级、跨信仰的团结精神。
Musk's Colossus faces Memphis Community Against Pollution, which has already stopped a crude-oil pipeline that would have gone "right through their water aquifer and backyards." After the killings of Renee Good and Alex Pretti earlier this year following their protests of fascist immigration purges, Minnesotans fought back by demonstrating "cross-race, cross-class, and cross-faith solidarity."
书的最后一部分“让我们携手共进”（“Let’s Stay”）提出了具体的解决方案：作者们提到了墨西哥总统克劳迪娅·谢因鲍姆（Claudia Sheinbaum）——她推动通过了保护临时工权益的法律；哥伦比亚总统古斯塔沃·佩特罗（Gustavo Petro）则提高了最低工资标准并呼吁暂停新的化石燃料开发项目。他们还重点介绍了现任纽约市长佐兰·马姆达尼（Zohran Mamdani）的例子，说明他的包容性竞选策略如何帮助他从一个在民意调查中仅获得1%支持率的候选人，最终成为美国最大城市的市长。
The book's final section, "Let's Stay," turns toward solutions. The authors highlight leaders such as Mexico President Claudia Sheinbaum, who pushed through a landmark law granting gig workers labor protections and benefits, and Colombia President Gustavo Petro, who raised the minimum wage and called for a moratorium on new fossil-fuel development. They also spend significant time with now New York City mayor Zohran Mamdani, showing how his campaign's radical inclusion helped carry him from an initial 1% in the polls to the mayoralty of the largest city in the country.
克莱因和泰勒还提出了一些具体的建议：暂停新建数据中心、对亿万富翁征税、设定财富上限、加强国际合作以及推动核裁军。他们提醒我们：“我们这些普通人，才是彼此的救星。”法西斯主义者或许想让我们相信世界末日即将来临且不可避免，但这本书一再表明：其实还有另一种出路。是否选择这条出路，完全取决于我们自己。
Klein and Taylor offer concrete proposals as well: moratoriums on data centers, taxes on billionaires, a wealth cap, stronger international cooperation, and nuclear disarmament. They remind us, "we mortals are one another's salvation." The end times fascists may want us to believe that the end of the world is nigh and inevitable but this book shows, again and again, that there is a different way. It's up to us to follow it.