字号·· | 护眼
阿纳多卢通讯社

西班牙在抗议持续之际颁布全面住房法令Spain publishes sweeping housing decree as protests continue

点「原文对照」整页切到原文,或双击某段只看那段的原文。

西班牙于周三颁布了一项全面的住房法令,为租户提供新的保护措施并对房地产投资者加以限制。与此同时,马德里和马拉加仍在举行抗议住房问题的集会,各政党也正在为周五即将举行的关键性议会投票做准备。

Spain published a sweeping housing decree Wednesday introducing new protections for tenants and restrictions on property investors, as housing protests continued in Madrid and Malaga and political parties prepared for a decisive parliamentary vote Friday.

该法令已刊登在《西班牙官方公报》上,将于周四正式生效。法令共包含20条内容,涉及驱逐程序、租金管控、税收政策以及经济适用房建设等多个方面。

The decree, published in Spain’s Official State Gazette, will enter into force Thursday and includes 20 articles covering measures on evictions, rents, taxation and affordable housing.

其中最具重要意义的条款之一便是针对所谓的“秃鹫基金”。该法令规定,以收购房地产为主要业务的各类企业及机构,在2028年底前不得以低于房产市场评估价70%的价格购买住房,不过用于建设社会住房及经济适用房的情况可不受此限制。

Among its most significant provisions is one targeting so-called “vulture funds.”The decree restricts companies and other entities whose business includes acquiring real estate from purchasing homes for less than 70% of their appraised market value until the end of 2028, with exemptions including for social and affordable housing.

此外,法令还规定:到2030年前,对于那些无其他住所的弱势群体,相关驱逐程序须予以暂停;同时还将对短期租赁及单间出租实施更严格的监管。

It also provides for the suspension through 2030 of certain evictions involving vulnerable people without alternative housing and introduces tighter regulation of temporary and room rentals.

今后签订短期租赁合同时,出租方必须提供真实且可证实的理由来证明租赁期限的临时性;若短期租赁合同频繁签订或期限明显过长,则这些合同可被视为普通住宅租赁合同。至于单间出租,各单间的租金总和不得超过整套房屋出租所能获得的租金水平。

Temporary rental contracts will require a genuine and demonstrable reason for their temporary nature, while repeated or unjustifiably long temporary contracts can be treated as ordinary residential leases. For room rentals, the combined rent charged for individual rooms cannot exceed the amount that could be charged for renting the property as a whole.

在2027年底之前,租金涨幅也将受到额外限制:若现有租金已超出规定的参考价格上限,则不得再上调;在其他情况下,除非房东与租户达成新协议,否则租金涨幅不得超过2%。

Rent increases will face additional limits through the end of 2027. When rent is already above the applicable reference-price ceiling, no increase will be allowed, while in other cases increases may not exceed 2% without a new agreement between the landlord and tenant.

另一项法令预计将于周四颁布,其中包含一项关于租赁合同自动续约的规定。

A second decree, expected to be published Thursday, contains a separate measure providing for the automatic renewal of rental contracts.

据《国家报》报道,在强制租赁期结束后,若房东决定不再续签租约,通常需向租户支付至少12个月的租金作为补偿;不过也有例外情况,比如房东本人或特定家庭成员需要使用该住房。这两项法令预计将于周五在议会接受特别表决。

According to El Pais, landlords who decide not to renew a lease after the mandatory rental period would generally be required to compensate tenants with at least 12 months’ rent, with exceptions including cases in which the owner needs the home for themselves or certain family members. Both decrees are due to face an extraordinary ratification vote in parliament Friday.

这些举措出台之际,正值全国多地爆发住房抗议活动。在马德里市中心的太阳门广场,抗议者已连续第四晚露宿于此。此前,在此居住了70多年的87岁老人马里卡门·阿巴斯卡尔被强行驱逐,引发了更多民众加入抗议行列。

The measures come amid days of housing protests. Demonstrators spent a fourth night camped in Madrid’s central Puerta del Sol, where the protest grew after the eviction of 87-year-old Maricarmen Abascal, who had lived in her home for more than 70 years.

周三,马拉加的宪法广场上也出现了类似的抗议营地,约50人搭起25顶帐篷在此过夜。组织者还计划于周六在该市举行更大规模的住房问题示威活动。

A parallel camp continued Wednesday in Malaga’s Plaza de la Constitucion, where around 50 people in roughly 25 tents spent the night. Organizers are also preparing a housing demonstration in the southern city Saturday.

目前政府尚不确定这两项法令能否在周五获得议会批准。今年4月,类似的一项住房法令就曾遭到议员否决——当时国会以177票反对、166票赞成的结果未予通过。

The government still faces uncertainty over whether parliament will ratify the decrees Friday. A similar housing decree was rejected by lawmakers in April, when Congress voted 177-166 against validating it.

反对派领袖阿尔贝托·努涅斯·费霍表示,他领导的保守派人民党将对这两项法令投反对票,并称该法案是一套“陷阱”。他强调:“别指望我会去剥削任何人”,同时主张政府应把精力集中在增加住房供应上。

Opposition leader Alberto Nunez Feijoo said his conservative Popular Party would vote against both decrees, calling the package a “trap.”“Don’t count on me to rip off anyone,” he said, arguing that the government should instead focus on building more housing.