杰克·伍德报道：北爱尔兰成为英国首个针对新驾驶员实施新规的地区，旨在减少涉及年轻人的致命道路交通事故。
Ireland has become the first part of the UK to introduce new rules for new drivers in a bid to reduce fatal road crashes involving young people.
针对学员和刚取得驾照的新手驾驶员的“分阶段驾照制度”（GDL）适用于所有新驾驶员，但主要针对17至23岁的群体。新规要求学员在参加路考之前，必须至少积累六个月的驾驶经验。24岁以下的新手驾驶员在夜间搭载年轻乘客时将受到限制。
Graduated driver licensing (GDL), for learner and newly qualified drivers, apply to all new drivers but are particularly aimed at 17 to 23-year-olds. Among the new rules is that learners must spend at least six months getting driving experience before they can take a practical test. Newly qualified drivers under 24 will also face restrictions on carrying young passengers at night.
这些规则变更于去年一月宣布，并将取消目前对受限驾驶员45英里/小时的限速规定。
The rule changes were announced in January last year and will see the current speed limit of 45mph for restricted drivers removed.
未遵守限制规定的驾驶员可能面临三分罚分或最高1000英镑的罚款。
Drivers who do not follow the restrictions could receive three penalty points or a fine of up to £1,000.
澳大利亚、美国和爱尔兰共和国等国已实施类似的分阶段驾照制度。活动人士呼吁在英国全境推行该制度。
Versions of GDL exist in countries including Australia, the US and Republic of Ireland. Campaigners have called for them to be introduced across the UK.
警方表示此举将“挽救生命”，但年轻驾驶员的反应不一，部分人表示支持，而来自农村地区的部分人则感到沮丧。然而，一位驾驶教练称这是一项“极好”的举措。
Police say it will "save lives" but there has been a mixed reaction from young drivers, with some in favour while others, from rural backgrounds, feel frustrated. However a driving instructor described it as a "terrific" step.
官方数据显示，2024年，17至23岁的驾驶员造成了北爱尔兰所有交通事故的24%，尽管他们仅占持照驾驶员总数的8%。
According to official figures, 17 to 23-year-old drivers were responsible for 24% of all collisions in Northern Ireland in 2024, despite only accounting for 8% of license holders.
同年，涉及年轻驾驶员的交通事故中有251人重伤或死亡，其中65%的事故被判定为年轻驾驶员全责。
In the same year there were 251 people killed or seriously injured in collisions involving a young driver, and in 65% of those, the young driver was deemed to be at fault.
今年一月，政府宣布，英格兰和威尔士的学员驾驶员在通过理论考试和路考之间，可能面临长达六个月的最低间隔期。
In January, the government announced that learner drivers in England and Wales could face a minimum period of up to six months between sitting their theory and practical tests.
然而，政府并未引入分阶段驾照制度，汽车协会（AA）称这是“一次错失的机会”。
However, it stopped short of introducing GDLs, which motoring organisation the AA described as "a missed opportunity".
今年早些时候，苏格兰部长呼吁政府授权他们自行对年轻新驾驶员实施限制措施。
Earlier this year Scottish ministers called on the government to grant them powers to put their own restrictions on new young drivers.
英国政府表示，他们希望保护年轻人的安全，但决定不对新驾驶员实施“全面限制”措施。
The UK government said it wanted to keep young people safe but had decided not to introduce "blanket restrictions" on new drivers.
对于来自奥马赫的16岁少年汤米来说，驾驶在他的生活中占据着非常重要的地位。他已经跟随父亲在田野和私人院子里学习驾驶技巧，至今已有三年时间。然而，他认为这些新规定对居住在农村地区的年轻人来说并不适用——那些地区缺乏公共交通设施，年轻人不得不依赖他人接送。
For 16-year-old Tommy from Omagh, driving is a "big factor" in his life. He has been learning the basics, driving with his dad in fields and private yards for three years already. However he thinks the new rules will not suit young people who live in rural areas, who don't have access to public transport and rely heavily on lifts. "There's hardly any transport links out here so you sort of have to rely on people giving me lifts," he said.
“这里的交通非常不便，所以很大程度上只能依靠别人来接送我，”汤米说。“我们距离最近的交通枢纽有大约五英里远，即使只是去上班或上学，也很难安排交通工具。”汤米已经准备好了自己的车，并且认为自己是一个有自信的驾驶员，相信自己能够一次性通过驾驶考试。但他也指出，现在等待能够上路驾驶的时间被延长了，这让他感到非常沮丧：“真的很让人失望，因为在新规定出台之前我本来非常兴奋，现在很难相信这会对我们的生活带来多大的影响。”
"We're about five miles out from the nearest transport hub and it's just hard to organise lifts even to get to work or college." Tommy has his own car ready to go and considers himself a confident driver who would pass his test first time, but said the time he has to wait to drive it has now been "extended". "It is a bit gutting, because I was so excited until they announced the new rules coming in, it's hard to believe how big of a change it is going to be," he added. While he recognises that something needs to be done to address the number of deaths on the roads there is a level of frustration for Adam, who is also from Omagh, about the minimum six-month delay to him getting behind the wheel. "I'm really eager to get out on the road, especially since I've been hassling my parents.
虽然汤米也认识到必须采取措施来减少道路上的死亡事故，但同样来自奥马赫的亚当对这一规定感到有些不满——新规定导致他必须等待至少六个月才能开始驾驶：“我非常渴望能够上路驾驶，尤其是我已经多次向父母表达了这个愿望。我每周大概有四天会去健身房锻炼，而且健身房就在我家附近。如果我能自己开车去健身房，那就完全不会给任何人带来麻烦了。在高中时，我总是喜欢和朋友们讨论‘你要买哪辆车’、‘我们要去哪里自驾旅行’之类的话题，但现在一切都变得更加复杂了，这让大家都很沮丧。”
I go to the gym quite frequently, maybe four days a week, and it's straight after tech. "If I can get up off my own two feet, get into my own car, and go to my gym by myself, it's nobody's problem but mine. "All I used to talk about in high school was 'oh, what car are you getting', 'where are we going on a road trip', and now there's just more complications, it's just bummed everybody out," he added.
莫斯已经开始学习开车，因此新规不会影响他，但他认为这是一项积极的举措，因为“你会获得更多的信心，并在各种不同情境中积累更多经验，这将非常有用”。
Moss is already learning to drive, so the new rules will not affect him, but he thinks it is a positive move because "you'll get a lot more confidence and a lot more experiences in different kinds of situations which will be really useful".
“独自开始开车可能会让人感到害怕”，他补充道，“如果这有助于提升安全性，我认为这是值得的。”
"Starting to drive by yourself can be a scary thing", so "if it's to help with safety I think its worth it," he added.
他承认，有些人对新规定感到不满，尤其是六个月的等待期，但他认为“从长远来看，晚六个月拿到驾照真的有那么重要吗？这其实没什么大不了的”。
He recognises that some people are annoyed about the new rules, particularly the six-month wait, but thinks "in the long run, does it really matter if you get your test six months later? It's not that big of a deal".
北爱尔兰警察局（PSNI）的道路安全主管萨姆·唐纳森警司表示，在北爱尔兰，“按人口比例计算，卷入交通事故、一般事故、重伤事故以及不幸的致命事故的人数，比英国其他地区都多”。他“毫不怀疑”新规将挽救生命。
The Police Service of Northern Ireland's (PSNI's) road safety lead Ch Supt Sam Donaldson said that in Northern Ireland "more people per head of population are involved in collisions, basic collisions, serious injury collisions, and sadly, fatal collisions, than any other part of the UK". He has "no doubt" that it will save lives.
“遗憾的是，现实情况是，年轻且缺乏经验的司机不成比例地卷入更多事故。
"Sadly the reality is that young and inexperienced drivers are disproportionately involved in more collisions.
“有些事故很轻微，有些很严重，有些不幸地导致了死亡。”拥有26年驾驶教练经验的维罗妮卡·韦尔认为这项法律变更“非常好”，并指出年轻司机可能缺乏责任感。
"Some are minor, some are serious, and some sadly are result in fatalities as well." Veronica Weir, who has 26 years' experience as a driving instructor thinks the law change is "terrific" and that young drivers can be irresponsible.
“这一变革已经酝酿了很长时间，大约花了15年时间才推进到这一步。
"It's been a long time coming, about 15 years in the pipeline.
“现在的孩子只把这当成电子游戏，如果撞车了，他们觉得没有后果，没有连锁反应，拍拍灰尘就能继续开走，”她说。
"Kids today just think it's a video game, and if they crash, there's no consequences, there's no ripple effect, they'll just brush themselves off and drive off again," she said.
她表示，危险驾驶可能会影响“他们的家人、保险以及社区的其他方面”。首批新的实操考试将于2027年4月1日进行。
She said that dangerous driving can affect "their family, their insurance and other parts of the community". The first new practical tests will take place on 1 April 2027.
负责基础设施部门改革的部长、新芬党的莉兹·金明斯表示，渐进式驾照制度旨在降低那些首次握方向盘的人所面临的风险。
For the minister behind the Department for Infrastructure reforms, Sinn Féin's Liz Kimmins, graduated driver licensing is about reducing the risks faced by those getting behind the wheel for the first time.
“我认为我们想要做的，就是将重点从仅仅通过驾驶考试，转变为帮助学员真正成为自信且技术娴熟的驾驶员。”她说。
"I think what we've wanted to do here is shift that emphasis from just simply passing your driving test to actually becoming a confident and competent driver," she said.