莎拉·肖林报道：以提升竞争力为重点的商业联盟“北欧罗盘”正考虑将业务拓展至关键原材料领域，以提升北欧地区加工欧洲工业所需矿产的能力。
Compass, a competitiveness-focused business alliance, is considering branching out into critical raw materials to build up the region’s capacity to process minerals needed by European industry.
该网络汇集了北欧地区一些大型企业和投资者，正在资本市场、深科技、国防和能源等领域规划具体行动。据其主席、芬兰前总理朱尔基·卡泰宁介绍，该联盟目前正考虑增设第五个工作领域。
The network involving of some of the region’s biggest companies and investors is mapping out concrete actions across capital markets, deep technology, defense and energy, and is now considering adding a fifth work stream, according to its chairman, Jyrki Katainen, a former Finnish prime minister.
“关键原材料一直受到广泛关注，”卡泰宁在接受彭博采访时说，“这是一个欧洲层面的问题。我们的优势在于，北欧国家拥有众多矿山，同时也有大量矿业公司和技术公司。”欧洲正寻求降低国防、清洁能源、电动汽车和先进技术等产业对进口关键原材料的依赖。欧盟已设定目标，到2030年，战略原材料年度消费量的至少40%将在欧盟境内生产，同时将供应链任何相关环节对任何单一第三国的依赖程度限制在65%以内。
“There has been lots of interest around critical raw materials,” Katainen told Bloomberg. “It’s a European issue and we have an advantage that we have lots of mines in the Nordic countries, but also lots of mining companies and technology companies.”The comments come as Europe seeks to reduce its dependence on imported critical materials for industries ranging from defense and clean energy to electric vehicles and advanced technology. The European Union has set a target of producing at least 40% of its annual consumption of strategic raw materials domestically by 2030, while limiting reliance on any single third country to 65% at any relevant stage of the supply chain.
中国主导着关键矿产供应链的加工环节。在国际能源署追踪的20种战略矿产中，中国是其中19种的最大精炼国，平均市场份额约为70%。相比之下，北欧地区拥有欧洲已知矿藏储量的绝大部分，却缺乏将这些资源转化为工业材料所需的大部分加工能力。
China dominates the critical-minerals supply chain at the processing stage, ranking as the leading refiner for 19 of 20 strategic minerals tracked by the International Energy Agency, with an average market share of about 70%. The Nordic region, by contrast, holds the vast majority of Europe’s known deposits but lacks much of the processing capacity needed to turn those resources into materials for industry.
“重点并非采矿本身，而是加工我们从本国土地中挖出的矿产。”卡泰宁说。
It’s “not mining as such, but processing the minerals we are digging from our soil,” Katainen said.
“北欧罗盘”计划受马里奥·德拉吉关于欧洲竞争力的里程碑式报告启发，计划于11月在哥德堡举行的峰会上展示其更宏大的愿景。其相关建议仍在制定之中，可能发生变化。目前正在探索的设想包括设立北欧规模化基金，旨在帮助快速成长的企业获得更大规模的区域资本，并加强本地区股票市场的一体化整合，其中包括建立统一的北欧交易所的可能性。
Nordic Compass, inspired by Mario Draghi’s landmark report on European competitiveness, plans to present its broader vision at a summit in Gothenburg in November. Its proposals are still being developed and could change. Among the ideas being explored are a Nordic scale-up fund aimed at helping fast-growing companies access larger pools of regional capital and closer integration of the region’s stock markets, including a potential unified Nordic exchange.