对于在火车工厂工作了34年大部分时光的Claude Michaud来说，机器轰鸣声、焊接声和钢铁撞击声日益高涨，是一剂振奋人心的强心针。
For Claude Michaud, the increasingly loud buzz of machinery, welding and ringing steel is a source of optimism at the train factory where he has worked for much of the past 34 years.
位于魁北克省拉波卡蒂耶尔（La Pocatière）——一个约6000人口的社区——的阿尔斯通（Alstom）工厂，在过去二十年里经历了多轮裁员和生产起伏。但随着加拿大新项目的涌现，该厂正在扩建厂房，准备招聘更多员工。
The Alstom plant in La Pocatière, Que., a community of about 6,000 people, has endured waves of layoffs and uneven production over the past two decades. But amid a wave of new Canadian projects, the plant is expanding its factory floor and preparing to hire more staff.
米肖用法语表示：“在加拿大本土为这里的人们造火车，让人感到自豪。这是一个积极的变化。”阿尔斯通是一家法国公司，其美洲总部设在魁北克省圣布鲁诺-德蒙塔维尔（Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville）。在各级政府推动“买加拿大货”的背景下，该公司订单激增。阿尔斯通于2021年完成了对庞巴迪轨道交通部门的收购。
"There's pride in building trains at home for people here in Canada," Michaud said in French. "It's a positive change." Alstom, a French company whose Americas headquarters is in Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Que., is seeing a rise in orders amid a push by all levels of government to buy Canadian. The company completed its acquisition of Bombardier's rail-building division in 2021.
该公司正在为温哥华架空列车（SkyTrain）、多伦多公共交通委员会（TTC）地铁列车以及魁北克市新有轨电车项目制造车辆。不久后，还将着手执行一份价值47亿加元的合同，为加拿大国家铁路公司（VIA Rail）制造长途客车车厢。
The company is building rail cars for Vancouver's SkyTrain, subway trains for the Toronto Transit Commission and vehicles for a new Quebec City tramway. It will soon begin work on a $4.7-billion contract to build long-distance passenger cars for VIA Rail.
拉波卡蒂耶尔位于魁北克市东北方向140公里处，该厂长期以来一直是该地区最大的雇主之一和经济引擎。但它曾严重依赖出口项目，主要面向美国市场。
In La Pocatière, 140 kilometres northeast of Quebec City, the plant has long been one of the region's largest employers and an economic driver. But it became heavily dependent on export projects, often for the United States.
据阿尔斯通和工会透露，工厂员工人数从1990年代的1000多人骤降至2021年的约150人。这种衰退曾威胁到维持工厂运营的经济可行性。如今，员工人数已回升至约550人，公司正准备进一步扩张。
The number of employees at the plant — more than 1,000 in the 1990s — fell to about 150 in 2021, according to Alstom and the union. The decline threatened the economic viability of keeping the facility in operation. Now, there are about 550 employees and the company is preparing to grow.
转向“买加拿大货” 阿尔斯通加拿大公共事务副总裁Olivier Marcil表示，美国日益保护主义的制造业政策实际上关闭了南方邻国的市场大门。
A shift toward buying Canadian Olivier Marcil, Alstom's vice-president of public affairs for Canada, said increasingly protectionist manufacturing policies in the U.S. effectively closed the door to the market south of the border.
美国联邦公共交通管理局的“购买美国货”政策要求，接受联邦资助的项目必须使用在美国制造的材料和最终产品，包括公共汽车、火车和渡轮。2016年至2021年间，国产零部件的比例门槛被提高了。
The U.S. Federal Transit Administration Buy America policy requires projects receiving federal funding to use materials and final products, including buses, trains and ferries, manufactured in the United States. The threshold of percentage of domestic components was raised between 2016 and 2021.
他说：“当你审视过去几十年经历的宏观趋势时——美国要求制造商在当地生产，对吧？而加拿大却什么也没要求。”
"When you look at the megatrend that we've experienced over the last decades — the United States were asking a lot from manufacturers to build local, right? While Canada was not asking anything," he said.
“如果大家都在保护自己的产业，都在扶持自己的产业——加拿大就必须与之齐平，做同样的事。”重建制造业产能多伦多大学蒙克全球事务与公共政策学院教授丹·布雷兹尼茨表示，在铁路等行业恢复制造业面临挑战。
"If everybody's protecting their industry, everybody's nurturing their industry — Canada must come at par with those and do the same." Rebuilding manufacturing capacity Dan Breznitz, a professor at the University of Toronto's Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, said there are challenges to restoring manufacturing in sectors such as rail.
他说，作为制造业回归的一部分，加拿大需要在选择投资哪些行业方面更具战略性。
He said Canada needs to be more strategic about which industries it chooses to invest in as part of a return to manufacturing.
研究创新和政府政策如何影响产业的布雷兹尼茨说：“我们必须找到人才，找到制造基地，找到生产制造铁路所需一切零部件的其他工厂。”
"We have to find the people, we have to find the manufacturing, we have to find the other factories that produce everything that you need to make rail," said Breznitz, who studies how innovation and government policy affect industries.
“问题在于，如果你不做这件事持续20到30年，你就会失去技能。”近十年的工作量对于阿尔斯通而言，加拿大国家铁路公司的项目将带来近十年的制造工作量，此外，一份为期15年的技术支持和备件协议还将提供额外的就业岗位。新的长途列车车厢将在拉波卡蒂耶尔制造，最终组装在桑德贝。
"The problem is, if you don't do it for 20 to 30 years you lose the skills." Nearly a decade of work For Alstom, the VIA Rail project will generate manufacturing work for nearly a decade, with additional employment supported by a 15-year agreement for technical support and spare parts. The new long-distance train cars will be built in La Pocatière, with final assembly in Thunder Bay.
阿尔斯通拉波卡蒂耶尔工厂经理弗雷德里克·普拉特乌表示，该工厂将不得不扩大规模并进行调整，以全力专注于这份国有企业的合同。
Frédéric Platteeuw, Alstom's site manager in La Pocatière, said the facility will have to scale up and adapt to focus entirely on the contract for the Crown corporation.
“这样的项目确实是一个巨大的挑战，因为它会迫使我们重新思考所有的布局方案，”他说，“我们需要优化我们的工作流程，开发新的技术。”对于像米肖（Michaud）这样的员工来说，这份新合同标志着联邦政府终于做出了期待已久的改变。多年来，他一直作为工会领袖，推动联邦政府要求火车上必须使用加拿大制造的产品。
"It's a real challenge, such a project, because it will push us to rethink all the layout," he said. "To optimize our surface, to optimize our work, to develop new technology." For employees like Michaud, the new contract signals a long-awaited shift from the federal government. As a union leader, he pushed for years for the federal government to introduce Canadian-content requirements for trains.
2018年，一个价值9.89亿美元的合同被授予了德国公司西门子（Siemens）——该公司在加利福尼亚州生产了这些火车车厢。这个决定对米肖来说是一个沉重的打击，因为原本这个合同本应属于维亚铁路（VIA Rail）。
A major blow came in 2018, when a $989-million contract for VIA Rail's Quebec City-Windsor corridor fleet was awarded to German company Siemens, which built the train cars in California. Michaud followed in the footsteps of his father, who built the first cars to roll out of the plant for the Montreal Metro.
米肖继承了他父亲的遗志：他的父亲曾参与制造了蒙特利尔地铁的首批列车车厢。如今，看到这家工厂因为加拿大项目而重新焕发生机，他感到非常欣慰。他说：“我们看到政府终于开始倾听我们的意见了。任何投资于魁北克和加拿大的资金，最终都会留在我们的国家里。”
He said it's refreshing to see the plant, where other members of his family work, come back to life with Canadian projects. "We see that the government is finally listening," he said. "A dollar invested in Quebec and in Canada is money that stays in our country."