维基百科正开始感受到人工智能推动的信息检索方式转变所带来的影响。维基媒体基金会新任首席执行官伯纳黛特·米汉向Axios表示，最新一年，该网站的页面浏览量下降了8%。为什么值得关注：维基百科是人工智能模型的重要信息来源，但这些模型如今也让人们无需访问该网站，就能获取源自维基百科的信息，这可能威胁到支撑这座在线百科全书运转的生态系统。
Wikipedia is starting to feel the effects of the AI-driven shift in how people find information, with page views falling 8% in the latest year, new Wikimedia Foundation CEO Bernadette Meehan tells Axios. Why it matters: Wikipedia is a crucial source of information for AI models, but those same models increasingly allow people to get Wikipedia-derived information without ever visiting the site — potentially threatening the ecosystem that keeps the online encyclopedia running.
新闻背后的原因：维基百科的页面浏览量在2025年下降了8%。米汉表示，尽管这一降幅并不出人意料，“但这并不意味着我们会盲目乐观，对此毫不担忧。”资金流向：米汉表示，问题在于，尽管生成式人工智能系统高度依赖维基百科庞大的人类创作信息库，但一些公司并不愿为此付费。
Driving the news: Wikipedia page views declined 8% in 2025, and while the drop wasn't unexpected, "that doesn't mean that we're sort of starry-eyed about it and not concerned about it," Meehan said. Follow the money: The problem is that even though generative AI systems rely heavily on Wikipedia's vast trove of human-created information, some companies won't pay for it, she said.
- 维基媒体实施了一项计划，向大规模商业用户收取费用，以提供可靠的大批量数据访问服务。公开披露的企业客户包括亚马逊、谷歌、微软、Meta、Perplexity等，这些客户支付的款项占该机构运营支出的10%。
• Wikimedia has a program that charges large-scale commercial users for reliable, high-volume access to its data. Publicly disclosed enterprise customers, whose payments make up 10% of the organization's operating expenses, include Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Meta, Perplexity and others.
- OpenAI和Anthropic是全球最大的两家生成式人工智能模型开发商，但它们均未出现在维基媒体公开披露的企业客户名单中。米汉指出，维基媒体还与其他公司达成了未公开的协议，但拒绝透露这些公司的名称。
• OpenAI and Anthropic, two of the largest makers of generative AI models, aren't among Wikimedia's publicly disclosed enterprise customers. Meehan noted that Wikimedia has other agreements that aren't publicly disclosed and declined to identify those companies.
- OpenAI和Anthropic均拒绝置评。各方表态：米汉曾任美国驻智利大使，并于今年1月接任维基媒体最高负责人。她表示，大型科技公司的反应不一。
• OpenAI and Anthropic both declined to comment. What they're saying: Meehan, a former U.S. ambassador to Chile who took over Wikimedia's top job in January, said the reception from big technology companies has been mixed.
- 一些公司认同这样的理念：从维基百科中获益的企业应当帮助维持该平台的运转。米汉表示，另一些公司承认维基媒体认为其对数据的使用过度，却拒绝为企业和数据访问服务付费。
• Some have embraced the idea that companies benefiting from Wikipedia should help sustain it. Others, she said, have acknowledged what Wikimedia considers excessive use of its data but declined to pay for enterprise access.
- 米汉说：“我们不是在乞讨。”言外之意：这里存在一种不同寻常的经济张力：维基百科免费开放其内容，而且无意改变这一做法，因此，面对不愿付费的AI公司，它能够施加的影响有限。全局视角：流量对维基媒体基金会的意义，远不止是为其身属互联网最受欢迎目的地之一增添炫耀资本。
• "We're not asking for charity," Meehan said. Between the lines: There's an unusual economic tension here: Wikipedia makes its content freely available and has no intention of changing that, leaving it with limited leverage over AI companies that don't want to pay. The big picture: Traffic matters to Wikimedia for reasons that go well beyond bragging rights for being one of the most popular destinations on the internet.
- 维基媒体基金会约80%的运营预算来自小额捐款，其中许多捐款是访问者看到网站上的横幅后作出的。
• Roughly 80% of Wikimedia's operating budget comes from small donations, many prompted by banners shown to visitors to its site.
- 读者也为未来维基百科编辑者的培养提供着人才来源。米汉说：“来访读者越少，转化为编辑的人数也就越少。”讽刺的是：可以说，维基百科对更广泛的信息生态系统的价值从未如此之高。
• Readers also provide the pipeline for future Wikipedia editors. "If less readers are coming, that's less conversion to editors," Meehan said. The irony: Wikipedia has arguably never been more valuable to the broader information ecosystem.
- 被问及维基百科对AI知识引擎的重要性时，米汉说：“我们是其支柱。”与此同时：米汉正在区分“维基百科中的AI”与“AI中的维基百科”。
• "We're the backbone," Meehan said when asked about Wikipedia's importance to AI knowledge engines. Meanwhile: Meehan is drawing a distinction between AI Wikipedia and AI Wikipedia.
- AI在维基百科志愿者社群中仍存在争议，这些社群自行制定规则，但AI已经被用于翻译、查找失效链接，以及帮助新编辑发现其贡献中的问题。尽管如此，米汉认为其中有一条清晰的边界AI应当协助维基百科的人类编辑，而不是取代他们。
• AI remains controversial among Wikipedia's volunteer communities, which set their own rules, but it is already being used for tasks such as translation, finding broken links and helping new editors spot problems with their contributions. Meehan sees a clear boundary, though AI should assist Wikipedia's human editors rather than replace them.
- “我认为，你永远不会看到AI撰写或生成维基百科条目。”她说。
• "I don't think you will ever see AI writing or generating Wikipedia articles," she said.
- 当被问及五年后的维基百科条目是否仍将由人类为人类撰写时，米汉回答：“是的。”拉远来看：米汉还指出，如果商业开发的AI成为通往知识的主要门户之一，那么哪些人和哪些内容会被排除在外。
• Asked whether Wikipedia articles five years from now will still be written by humans for humans, Meehan replied: "I do." Zoom out: Meehan also pointed out who and what gets left out if commercially developed AI becomes a principal gateway to knowledge.
- 维基百科拥有约300种语言版本，其中包括许多对应的市场未必对AI公司具有商业吸引力。
• Wikipedia exists in roughly 300 languages, including many that aren't likely to represent commercially attractive markets for AI companies.
- 她还提出了一种可能：知识鸿沟将不断加剧，届时，最好的信息获取渠道将越来越需要付费订阅AI服务。归根结底：在生成式人工智能蓬勃发展的第一阶段，维基百科逐渐成为人工智能不可或缺的基础。它面临的下一个挑战，是确保人工智能不会削弱那个最初使维基百科变得不可或缺的人类与金融生态系统。
• She also raises the possibility of a knowledge divide in which the best access to information increasingly requires paying for an AI subscription. The bottom line: Wikipedia spent the first phase of the generative AI boom becoming indispensable to AI. Its next challenge is ensuring that AI doesn't weaken the human and financial ecosystem that made Wikipedia indispensable in the first place.