字号·· | 护眼
加拿大广播公司

在气候周上,我从北美顶尖气象学家那里学到的What I learned from North America's top meteorologists at Climate Week

点「原文对照」整页切到原文,或双击某段只看那段的原文。

欢迎阅读我们的每周通讯,本期我们将为您介绍那些推动世界迈向可持续发展的环境趋势与解决方案。本周内容:宏观视角:全球自然保护目标的进展用菌类制作肉丸?温哥华一家公司如何通过培育真菌来降低肉类成本我在气候周期间从北美顶尖气象学家那里学到的知识气候周期间,我受邀参加了在纽约举办的一场闭门研讨会,主题为“超越天气预报:值得信赖的气象专家如何帮助公众理解气候变化与极端天气”。

Welcome to our weekly newsletter where we highlight environmental trends and solutions that are moving us to a more sustainable world. This week: The Big Picture: Progress on the world's nature goals Mycelium with your meatballs? How one Vancouver company is farming fungi to combat meat costs What I learned from North America's top meteorologists at Climate Week I was invited to join a closed-door workshop in New York City during Climate Week called "Beyond the Forecast: How Trusted Weather Voices Can Help Communities Understand Climate and Extreme Weather."

该研讨会由克林顿全球倡议组织与Eleven Eleven基金会联合主办,为我们这些气象从业者提供了一个难得的交流平台,可以坦诚探讨如何向公众传达气候变化相关信息。

Hosted by the Clinton Global Initiative in partnership with the Eleven Eleven Foundation, the session offered a rare space to talk openly with other broadcast meteorologists about how we communicate climate change.

事实上,这正是我的本职工作。近二十年来,我一直借助日常天气现象来讲解气候变化。我很感激加拿大广播公司为我提供了相应的支持、平台与机会来完成这项工作。

I mean, this is my bread and butter. For almost two decades, I've been talking about climate change through the everyday weather we experience. I've been grateful to have the support, platforms and formats at CBC to do just that.

即便如此,这份工作仍带有沉重的分量——亲眼目睹各项数据在现实中逐一应验,在风暴来袭前便预知其可能造成的破坏程度,还要应对“气候变化”这一术语日益政治化的现状。如今我刚出任加拿大广播公司气候主题播客的主持人,这次研讨会可谓恰逢其时。在纽约寻找共识抵达纽约后,我在纽瓦克机场受到了许多加拿大同胞的热情问候——他们都是来自温哥华的气候事务顾问,同样也是来参加此次会议的。

Even so, there is a distinct weight to this work — seeing the data play out in real time, knowing the severity of a storm's impact before it hits, and navigating how politicized the term "climate change" has become. Stepping into my new role as the host of CBC's climate podcast , the timing couldn't have been better for this gathering. Finding common ground in New York Arriving in New York, I loved being recognized by fellow Canadians at Newark Airport — climate advisers from Vancouver headed to the same gathering.

这一幕让我深刻体会到这类会议的意义所在:尽管出行会产生碳排放,但将各行各业的人士汇聚在一起所产生的凝聚力,是线上交流无法比拟的。

It was a nice reminder of why these conferences matter. Bringing people together (despite the carbon footprint of travel) creates a momentum you can't replicate virtually.

第一天,我从地铁站出发,沿着第五大道朝会议中心走去。我下意识地融入了这座城市街道上快节奏的流动之中。多亏了曾在多伦多生活的经历,我才练就了这种“防御性行走”的技能;而一旦掌握了这种节奏,便能立刻感受到自己与这座城市的紧密联系。这次行程的目的,正是为了让自己成为某个更大集体中的一员。

Walking from the subway up 5th Avenue toward the conference centre on my first day, I instinctively fell into the fast-paced ebb and flow of the city street. I credit my former Toronto days for my defensive walking skills, but adopting that rhythm makes you feel immediately plugged in. This trip was going to be all about feeling part of something bigger.

那场研讨会令我终生难忘。几乎所有我在美国各大电视频道上见过的知名气象学家都出席了(还有比尔·奈!)。原定两小时的会议时间被大大延长——毕竟我们都是以说话为职业的人嘛——但整个过程却让人深感宣泄与释怀。从福克斯新闻、CNN到ABC的气象预报员们,再加上众多科学家与政策制定者,大家畅谈着在传播气候风险信息时所面临的共同挑战,这真是一个难得的团结时刻。以下是我总结出的几点心得:

The workshop itself was one I won't soon forget. Nearly every major meteorologist I've watched on U.S. networks was there (plus Bill Nye!). Our scheduled two-hour session ran long — after all, we talk for a living — but it was deeply cathartic. Hearing forecasters from Fox News to CNN to ABC, alongside scientists and policy-makers, open up about the shared challenges of communicating climate risk felt like a rare moment of unity. Here are a few takeaways I can

  1. 天气与气候之间的联系毋庸置疑——但阻力同样真实存在整个会议期间,贯穿所有讨论的核心现实就是:我们作为电视台的气象工作者,都在努力向大众传达有关气候变化的信息。
  1. The connection between weather and climate is undeniable — but the pushback is real Underlying every discussion in that room was one overarching reality: we are all trying to talk about climate change as station scientists.

极端天气背后的科学依据无可争议。然而对于那些试图在日常节目中传递这些科学知识的电视气象预报员而言,来自观众的抵制却往往十分强烈,甚至带有强烈的情绪色彩。虽然我还算幸运,没有遭遇最糟糕的情况,但可以说,没有人能真正练就一副“厚脸皮”。而每当预报一场极具破坏性的风暴时,那种肩负的责任感也着实沉重。

The science behind extreme weather is indisputable. But for television forecasters attempting to bring that science into daily broadcasts, the pushback from audiences can be tough — and deeply emotional. While I've been lucky enough to avoid the absolute worst of it, let's just say you never truly develop a thick skin. And knowing what lies ahead when forecasting a devastating storm carries a real weight.

会议间隙,我匆匆从中城赶往苏豪区,前往WNYC(纽约公共广播电台)的演播室录制节目——这种从一家公共广播机构转战至另一家的经历也别有一番趣味。不过,我在那里听到的对话却深深触动了我。我采访了气象预报员克里斯·格洛宁格,他因为仅仅在节目中解释了天气与气候之间的联系,便遭到了严重的骚扰甚至死亡威胁,最终不得不忍痛放弃自己的电视新闻事业。

Between sessions, I raced from Midtown down to SOHO to record in the studios at WNYC (New York public radio) — a fun moment of solidarity, hopping from one public broadcaster's home base to another. But the conversation I recorded hit home sharply. I spoke with forecaster Chris Gloninger, who made the difficult decision to leave his TV news career after facing severe harassment and a death threat simply for explaining climate links on air.

不过,克里斯的经历也给我们敲响了警钟:作为值得信赖的气象信息传播者,往往需要付出巨大的个人代价。要想“超越常规预报范畴”,气象工作者光有强大的心理承受力远远不够——我们还需要来自社会的广泛支持,才能安全地开展这些至关重要的科普工作。

But Chris's story was a stark reminder that serving as a trusted voice often comes at a high personal cost. To go "beyond the forecast," weather communicators need more than just thick skin — we need strong community support to keep having these vital conversations safely.

  1. 美国和加拿大的电视行业处于两个截然不同的传播环境这次研讨会上,除我之外只有一位加拿大人出席,他就是我在气象学院求学时的好友、来自《天气网络》频道的马克·罗宾逊!我们一同参会,让我深切感受到美加两国虽有许多共通之处,但两国的媒体市场运作方式却大相径庭。
  1. U.S. and Canadian TV live in different broadcast universes I attended the workshop alongside only one other Canadian: my friend Mark Robinson from The Weather Network, who I went to meteorology school with! Being there together highlighted how much the U.S. and Canada have in common, and also just how differently our two media markets operate.

美国的广播电视行业仍保持着浓厚的传统色彩,仍有数百万观众每晚准时收看当地傍晚6点的新闻节目。对美国的气象预报员而言,这意味着他们必须在广告时段间隙仅有的两分钟里,把复杂的气候归因科学知识清晰地传达给观众。

American broadcast TV remains deeply traditional, with millions of viewers still tuning in to local 6 o'clock newscasts every night. For U.S. forecasters, that means trying to cram complex climate attribution science into a lightning-fast, two-minute weather window between commercial breaks.

随着媒体格局的不断变化,加拿大广播公司选择主动迎合受众的喜好进行创新。除了在播客及各类数字平台上开辟专属板块外,我们在加拿大的各地方电视台也常专门安排额外时段,用来阐释极端天气与气候变化之间的关联。能有这样的机会向大众解释热浪或大气河流现象的成因,实在难能可贵——这一点让我深刻意识到:这种机会绝非理所当然。

At CBC, as the media landscape has shifted, we've chosen to experiment with meeting audiences where they are. Beyond dedicated space on podcasts like and digital platforms, our local TV markets frequently carve out extra airtime specifically to connect the dots between severe weather and climate change. Having that room to explain why a heat wave atmospheric river is happening is something I was reminded not to take for granted — because in a tight TV hit, context is often the first thing left on the cutting-room floor.

毕竟在电视节目的有限时长里,背景说明往往最先被删减掉。不过,随着越来越多的美国新闻机构开始增设专门介绍气候内容的板块并推出数字衍生内容,我们完全有能力更好地向公众传递相关知识。事实也证明:只要给予那些深受信赖的气象专家足够的表达空间,观众就能更透彻地理解周遭世界的种种变化。

But as more U.S. newsrooms experiment with climate-dedicated segments and digital extras, the potential to inform communities is huge. It shows that when we give trusted weather voices room to breathe, audiences gain a far better understanding of the world shifting around them.

走出纽约那些闭门举行的会议厅后,我意识到:在广播节目中把各类信息点串联起来并非易事,过程也未必轻松。但随着极端天气日益成为我们生活的常态,我们比以往任何时候都更决心开展这类对话。

Stepping out of those closed-door rooms in New York, I was reminded that connecting those dots on air isn't always easy, and it certainly isn't always comfortable — but as extreme weather becomes our daily reality, it's a conversation we're more committed than ever to having.

CBC新闻的气候专题页面汇集了诸多长期关注的问题。欢迎收听我们的播客与广播节目。

Old issues of here The CBC News climate page is Check out our podcast and radio show.

一位气象学家在爱荷华州就职时,满心期待能将与民众生活息息相关的气候影响因素——比如物价上涨、能源自主等问题——纳入预报内容,让预报真正对听众有意义。然而随后他遭到了强烈抵制,甚至收到了死亡威胁。

When a meteorologist took a job in Iowa, he was excited to make his forecasts matter to viewers by bringing in climate impacts that were relevant to their lives, like rising costs and energy independence. But then the backlash began, escalating to a death threat.

他并非个例。在纽约举行的气候周活动中,一群气象学家齐聚一堂,分享自己面对立场往往两极分化的听众时的经历。当事实被政治化之后,那些致力于传播气候知识的专业人士该如何坚守科学立场呢?

He's not the only one. At climate week in New York City, a group of meteorologists gathered to share stories about speaking to often polarized audiences. When facts become political, how can climate change's frontline communicators stick to the science?

我们的播客每周三、周六都会更新新内容。您既可通过常用的播客应用收听,也可在CBC Listen平台按需播放。广播节目则于每周日上午11点播出,纽芬兰与拉布拉多地区播出时间为上午11点半。

drops new podcast episodes every Wednesday and Saturday. You can find them on your favourite podcast app or on demand at CBC Listen The radio show airs Sundays at 11 a.m., 11:30 a.m. in Newfoundland and Labrador.

请查看CBC新闻气候信息面板,获取全国范围内破纪录天气事件及实时气象状况的最新信息。您还可设置所在地区,查看今日气温与历史趋势的对比情况。

Check the CBC News Climate Dashboard for live updates on record-breaking weather and current conditions across the country. Set your location to find out how today's temperatures compare to historical trends.

读者反馈:上周我们介绍了一个将空气质量监测与可穿戴艺术相结合的独特项目,该项目旨在提升人们对那些肉眼难以察觉的有害污染物的认知。

Reader feedback Last week, we told you about a unique air quality meets wearable art project that's trying to bring awareness about dangerous pollutants especially when we can't see them.

埃德温娜·希尔顿提出了一个重要问题:“万一设备检测到严重污染,佩戴者该怎么做呢?知晓环境恶劣固然有益,但若没有切实可行的应对方案,收集这些信息又有什么意义呢?”虽然相关措施未必人人都能负担得起或轻易获得,但多年来我们采访过的部分专家指出:提升认知能让人们拥有选择权,从而采取诸如佩戴口罩或躲进室内等应对措施。

Edwina Hylton wrote in with an important point: "In the eventuality that the device shows serious pollution, what is the person wearing the device supposed to do? Fine to know things are bad, but if there isn't a reasonable alternative, what is the point in collecting the information?" While not always equitable or within reach, some experts we've spoken to over the years have said awareness gives a power of choice to take action like wearing a mask or moving indoors.

对一些人来说,比如读者莫琳·莫法特,获取相关信息只需轻点鼠标即可。她写道:“我每天都会上网查看空气质量,非常方便。” 有什么疑问、意见,或者想分享些什么?请发邮件至 whatonearth@cbc.ca。

And, for some, like reader Maureen Moffat awareness is a click away. She writes, "I check the air quality daily on the net. Easy." Got questions, comments, or just want to share something?

四年前,加拿大邀请世界各地的谈判代表齐聚一堂,旨在达成一项保护自然的历史性协议。原定会议地点在中国,但当时正值2022年,因新冠疫情而疲惫不堪的中国政府决定不再承办此次会议。

Write us at whatonearth@cbc.ca Four years ago, Canada welcomed negotiators from around the world to strike a historic deal on protecting nature. The conference was supposed to be in China, but it was 2022 and the COVID-weary government there had decided not to host.

于是会议改在蒙特利尔举行——这里正是负责管理《生物多样性公约》的联合国秘书处所在地。我随即乘火车前往现场报道。加拿大牵头推动了相关谈判,最终确立了到2030年保护全球30%陆地与海洋的目标。同时,加拿大还决定以身作则,推行自身雄心勃勃的保护计划。

So the meeting reverted to Montreal, which hosts the secretariat of the UN treaty that governs biological diversity, and I jumped on a train to go cover it. Canada led negotiations to land a new global target protecting 30 per cent of lands and oceans by 2030. And it decided to lead by example by embarking on its own ambitious conservation agenda.

这是一张展示加拿大保护区分布的地图。截至目前,加拿大已有约14%的陆地和15.5%的海洋区域受到保护。

Here's a map of Canada's protected spaces. Canada has protected about 14 per cent of its lands and 15.5 per cent of its oceans so far.

最新评估显示,国际社会确实取得了一定进展:到2030年全球陆地保护率有望达到27%;不过海洋保护率预计仅能达到12%。我曾与加拿大前环境部长史蒂文·吉尔博交谈,正是他促成了蒙特利尔协议的达成。我向他询问了为何保护成效仍不尽如人意,以及他为何依然乐观地相信各国会加大力度应对生物多样性丧失问题。

And a new assessment says there's progress internationally — the world will reach 27 per cent protection on land by 2030. For oceans, protection will only reach 12 per cent. I spoke to Steven Guilbeault, Canada's former environment minister and the guy who helped land that deal in Montreal, about why we are falling short — and also why he's still optimistic countries will ramp up the fight against biodiversity loss.

热辣话题:来自网络上的各种有趣观点 不列颠哥伦比亚省斯夸米什镇的一名男子提前挂出了万圣节僵尸装饰品——目的就是防止熊类翻动他的垃圾桶。

Hot and bothered: Provocative ideas from around the web A man in Squamish, B.C., has put his Halloween zombie decoration out early — to keep bears out of his garbage bins.

请观看CBC新闻的这段视频,看看熊群的反应如何。如今,越来越多的孩子开始如厕训练的时间越来越晚。这不仅让家长们在纸尿裤上花费更多金钱,还得花费大量时间处理脏污的纸尿裤。同时,这也产生了大量塑料垃圾。一项最新研究测算了由此带来的环境成本,并提出了一些解决方案。

多山且人口密集的日本很难找到合适地点建设大型太阳能发电场,不过该国从20世纪80年代经济繁荣时期大量修建、如今却已闲置的基础设施中找到了解决办法。另一项新研究则显示,在部分欧洲国家,电动卡车的运营成本正逐渐低于柴油卡车;其节省的成本速度之快,甚至能迅速抵消较高的初始购置成本。

See how the bears are responding in this CBC News video Kids are being toilet trained later and later. That's costing parents in money spent on diapers and time spent on additional gross diaper changes. But it's also creating a lot more plastic waste. A new study calculates the environmental cost, and offers some solutions Mountainous, densely populated Japan doesn't have many places to put large solar farms, but it has found a solution in a type of infrastructure that proliferated in the economic boom of the 1980s and is now disused A new study shows electric trucks are becoming cheaper to operate than their diesel counterparts and how quickly the savings can outstrip the higher up-front cost in some European countries Canada's Building Canada Strong Act is supposed to speed up infrastructure projects.

加拿大的《建设强大加拿大法案》本意是加快基础设施建设进程,但环保组织向CBC记者大卫·瑟顿和奥利维亚·斯特凡诺维奇指出,尽管联邦政府声称不会如此,该法案仍可能破坏那些保护加拿大民众及防止野生动物灭绝的环境保护措施。

But it could also dismantle environmental safeguards that protect Canadians and prevent wildlife from extinction, despite the federal government claiming otherwise environmental groups tell CBC's David Thurton and Olivia Stefanovich.

菌丝肉丸?温哥华一家公司如何培育真菌以缓解肉类价格上涨压力?如果生物反应器中培育出的发酵真菌液听起来并非你心目中的美味佳肴,那么Maia Farms公司的员工会告诉你:不亲自尝过可别轻易下结论。

Mycelium meatballs? How one Vancouver company is farming fungi to combat meat costs If fermented liquid fungus from a bioreactor doesn't sound like your idea of a delicious meal, the folks at Maia Farms say, don't knock it 'til you've tried it.

这家总部位于温哥华的公司已成功摸索出培育并收获菌丝的方法——这些菌丝就是蘑菇生长所需的、隐藏在地下的类似根系的网状结构。

The Vancouver-based company has figured out a way to grow and harvest mycelium — the hidden, underground root-like networks of fungus that give rise to mushrooms.

“生物反应器能让我们精准控制菌丝的生长环境,”首席创新官肖恩·拉库尔西尔说道,“它能维持菌丝的正常生长状态,还能实现通气,为菌丝提供所需的全部氧气。”

"The bioreactor allows us to control the environment in which the mycelium are grown," said chief innovation officer Sean Lacoursiere. "It allows us to keep everything moving and grooving and it also allows us to aerate and provide all the oxygen that the mushroom will need."

该公司认为,这些蘑菇制品有助于缓解餐馆面临的肉类价格飞涨压力。9月25日 最终得到的食品原料可与其他各类蛋白质混合使用,既能增加食物体积,又能提升其营养价值。

Company argues mushrooms could help lower skyrocketing meat costs for restaurants September 25 Duration The result is a food product that can be mixed with different protein sources to add bulk and enhance a meal's nutritional profile.

虽然蘑菇制品常被用于制作肉类替代品,但Maia的目标市场之一正是肉类行业本身。

While mushroom products are often used in meat substitutes, one of Maia's target markets is the meat industry itself.

“我们能在减少肉类用量的同时,提升产品的营养价值、风味与口感,”拉库尔西埃说道。

"We can add a lot of nutritional, taste and texture benefits while reducing the amount of meat that's required," Lacoursiere said.

对于那些因肉类价格飞涨而苦于控制成本的餐馆经营者及其他食品零售商而言,这一产品可谓恰逢其时。

The offering couldn't be timelier for restaurateurs and other food retailers struggling to keep costs down as the price of meat soars.

据加拿大牛肉协会统计,今年4月零售牛肉的平均价格达到每公斤28加元,较去年同期上涨15%,接近历史最高水平。

According to Canada Beef, retail beef averaged $28 per kilogram in April, up 15 per cent from a year ago and close to a record high.

Maia Farms的食品科学与创新总监凯伦·麦卡菲表示,在香肠卷、肉丸及汉堡肉饼等食品中,菌丝体可替代25%至40%的肉类成分。“它能帮助保持食品水分……还能显著提升鲜味,”她说道。对地球更有益 在肉类中添加蘑菇制品的好处远不止经济层面。

Maia Farms' director of food science and innovation Karen McAfee said mycelium could replace between 25 and 40 per cent of the meat in items like sausage rolls, meatballs and burger patties. "It can help retain moisture… it can also help with the high level of umami flavour," she said. Better for the planet The benefits of hiding mushrooms in your meat go beyond the financial.

“据我们估算,每生产一公斤这种材料,仅会产生约两公斤二氧化碳,”拉库尔西埃说。

"From our estimates, we produce around two kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilogram of material," Lacoursiere said.

根据加拿大可持续牛肉圆桌会议2024年发布的报告,在加拿大,每食用一公斤无骨牛肉会产生32.8公斤二氧化碳。

According to a 2024 report by the Canadian Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, one kilogram of consumed boneless beef in Canada produces 32.8 kilograms of carbon dioxide.

生产同等数量的牛肉还需消耗1,912升水,这一数值几乎是Maia生产工艺所需500升水量的四倍。

The same amount also requires 1,912 litres of water, almost four times the 500 litres Maia reports in its process.

“我认为人们尚未真正意识到这类产品能带来多大的改变,”他补充道。

"I don't think people really comprehend just how much of a difference this type of product can make," he said.

赢得消费者青睐 尽管肉类替代品在加拿大超市随处可见,但该领域的销量已连续多年呈下滑趋势。拉库尔西埃希望Maia能扭转这一局面。

Finding consumers While meat alternatives are readily available in Canadian supermarkets, sales in the sector have been declining for several years Lacoursiere is hoping Maia has what it takes to buck the trend.

“我们公司的核心目标就是以极具成本竞争力的价格实现菌丝体的大规模生产。目前这一目标正逐步实现,”他说道。至于消费者可能存在的“接受障碍”呢?

"The whole goal of our company here is to produce mycelium at large scales, at a very cost competitive level. And we're already seeing that," he said. As for the "ick" factor?

这是一种平菇。人类食用它已有数百年,甚至数千年历史。它很美味。我们刚刚找到了一种在液体浸没状态下培育它的方法。感谢阅读,如有疑问、批评或新闻线索,请发送至编辑:Emily Chung | Logo设计:Sködt McNalty

"It's an oyster mushroom. It's been eaten for hundreds, if not thousands of years. It's delicious. We just found a way to grow it in a submerged liquid state." Thanks for reading ou have questions, criticisms or story tips, please send them to Editor: Emily Chung | Logo design: Sködt McNalty