没有人对此提出异议：统计数据非常严峻。加拿大大约8%的儿童是原住民，但加拿大儿童福利系统中一半以上的儿童是原住民。
No one disputes it: the statistics are stark. About eight per cent of the kids in Canada are Indigenous, yet more than half of the children in Canada's child welfare system are Indigenous.
但联邦和省政府能否因原住民儿童在非保留地儿童福利体系中的比例过高而被起诉呢？这就是目前全国法院正在展开的争议--结果好坏参半。
But can federal and provincial governments be sued for the overrepresentation of Indigenous kids in the off-reserve child welfare system? That's the dispute now unfolding in courts countrywide — with mixed results.
联邦政府方面表示不，不列颠哥伦比亚省最高法院最近也表示同意，驳回了针对加拿大的索赔，而安大略省原住民青年的律师准备对下级法院的一项裁决提出上诉，他们认为，如果允许，该裁决“将成为该省历史上的污点”。
For its part the federal government says no, and British Columbia's top court recently agreed, dismissing a claim against Canada just as lawyers for Indigenous youth in Ontario prepared to appeal a lower court decision they argue "will be a stain on this province’s history" if allowed to stand.
Sotos LLP的大卫·萨科（David Scrum）表示：“这在法律上是错误的，在事实上是错误的，在政策上是错误的。”
"It's wrong in law, it's wrong on the facts and it's wrong in policy," said David Sterns of Sotos LLP.
在该案中，由原告提起诉讼，原告名为BM和CA，法官驳回了对加拿大和安大略省的诉讼，称该省系统中土著儿童的过多代表性“本身并不意味着错误的国家行为”，相反，“可能同样表现出对拟议阶级成员的高度照顾，而不是任何有害的待遇。安大略省高等法院法官爱德华·摩根写道：“尽管原告称之为”千禧年独家新闻“，但目前索赔中的政策并没有重复过去一个时代的做法。”
In that case, brought by plaintiffs named only as B.M. and C.A., the judge dismissed a lawsuit against Canada and Ontario, saying the overrepresentation of Indigenous kids in the province's system "does not itself convey wrongful state conduct" and instead "may equally demonstrate a high level of care rather than any harmful treatment of the proposed class members." "The policies in issue in the present claim, although called the 'Millennial Scoop' by the plaintiffs, do not repeat the oppressions of a past era," wrote Ontario Superior Court Justice Edward Morgan.
这一裁决引起了第一民族领导人的注意，促使Anishinabek民族、安大略省酋长和Nishnawbe Aski民族政治组织介入本周在多伦多举行的上诉。
The ruling got First Nations leaders' attention, prompting the Anishinabek Nation, Chiefs of Ontario and Nishnawbe Aski Nation political organizations to intervene in an appeal heard this week in Toronto.
“在我看来，这种推理是非常有问题和非常危险的，说：”琳达Debaspero，大理事会主席阿尼希纳贝克国家，其中主张39个社区。
"That reasoning, in my view, is very highly problematic and very dangerous," said Linda Debassige, grand council chief of the Anishinabek Nation, which advocates for 39 communities.
“对我来说，印度寄宿学校否认主义的存在也是如此。这是限制原住民儿童和家庭获得正义的危险途径，特别是在这种情况下。压迫是真实的。它仍然存在。“一些倡导者称正在进行的大规模将原住民儿童从家庭中带走的行为为千禧独家新闻，将今天的儿童福利制度与寄宿学校和六十年代独家新闻联系起来。
"It's to me in the same light that Indian residential school denialism exists. It's a dangerous pathway to limit the availability of justice for First Nations children and families, specifically, in this setting. The oppression is real.
拟议主要原告BM和CA分别是原住民和因纽特人，他们的律师的上诉文件称法官的推理被误导和居高临下。
It still exists." Some advocates call the ongoing mass removal of Indigenous kids from their families the Millenium Scoop, connecting today's child welfare system to residential schools and the Sixties Scoop.
加拿大在其上诉论点中表示，它“承认提出的重要社会问题”，但坚持认为这些是复杂的政策问题，超出了法官的专业知识。
Proposed lead plaintiffs B.M. and C.A. are First Nations and Inuit respectively, and their lawyers' appeal filings call the judge's reasoning misguided and patronizing.
加拿大辩称：“这一主张没有任何具体的法律或政策依据，而是寻求对整个省级儿童福利系统进行司法审查。”
1 case among many In its appeal argument, Canada says it "acknowledges the important societal concerns raised" but maintains these are complex policy issues that lay outside judges' expertise.
首席执行官说，加拿大阻止努力收回儿童和家庭服务的控制卡尼政府在第一民族儿童福利投诉中提出第三次法院挑战一份积极披露的2025年5月联邦简报说，“与我们都在和解中发挥作用的信念一致，加拿大采取的立场是，鉴于对儿童福利的省级控制，一些针对加拿大的索赔应该被驳回。"
"The claim is not grounded in any specific law or policy, but rather it seeks to subject to judicial scrutiny the entire provincial child welfare system," Canada argues. Chief says Canada blocking effort to take back control of child and family services Carney government files 3rd court challenge in First Nations child welfare complaint A proactively disclosed May 2025 federal briefing note says, "Consistent with its belief that we all have a role to play in reconciliation, Canada has taken the position that some claims against Canada should be dismissed, given the provincial control over child welfare."
德巴斯顿谴责这种言论是“加拿大只是擦干净他们的手”，以创造一个“管辖权弹球真空”。“在渥太华同意与在保留地儿童福利系统中受到伤害的原住民儿童和家庭达成234亿美元的和解后，安大略省的呼吁加入了一系列复杂案件的行列。
Debassige denounced such talk as "Canada just wiping their hands clean" to create a "jurisdictional pinball vacuum." The Ontario appeal joins a complex constellation of cases filed after Ottawa agreed to a $23.4-billion settlement with First Nations children and families harmed in the on-reserve child welfare system.
该和解源于2016年加拿大人权法庭一项具有里程碑意义的裁决，该裁决认为加拿大因长期为儿童和家庭服务提供资金不足而对保留地和育空地区的原住民青年进行种族歧视。
That settlement stemmed from a landmark 2016 Canadian Human Rights Tribunal finding that Canada racially discriminated against First Nations youth on-reserve and in Yukon by chronically underfunding child and family services.
法官批准历史性的230亿元原住民儿童福利赔偿协议 原住民起诉加拿大政府，指控儿童福利制度摧毁文化与语言 然而，被捕时居住在保留地外的青年不在赔偿范围内，他们的律师面临着极不一致的判决结果。
Judge approves historic $23B First Nations child welfare compensation agreement First Nations sue Canada over child-welfare system's destruction of culture, language Youth living off-reserve when apprehended are not included, however, and their lawyers are getting dizzyingly uneven results.
去年，联邦上诉法院驳回了一项拟议的全国性集体诉讼——Stonechild案，理由是加拿大联邦政府是唯一被告，而省份被排除在外。律师正寻求向加拿大最高法院申请上诉许可。此后，儿童福利幸存者在六个省份提起诉讼。
Last year, the Federal Court of Appeal dismissed a proposed national class action, the Stonechild case, because Canada was the only defendant and provinces were excluded. Lawyers are seeking leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada. Since then, child welfare survivors filed lawsuits in six provinces.
魁北克的一项诉讼获批继续进行。马尼托巴省同意一项案件继续进行。不列颠哥伦比亚省上诉法院于上月底驳回了针对联邦政府的诉讼，但允许针对不列颠哥伦比亚省的诉讼继续进行。
A claim in Quebec was authorized to proceed. Manitoba consented for a case to proceed. The B.C. Court of Appeal late last month dismissed a claim against Canada but allowed a lawsuit against B.C. to proceed.
考虑到安大略省的案件，这一系列不一致的判决结果意味着加拿大最高法院可能不得不介入裁决，Sterns表示。
Factor in the Ontario case, and the jumble of inconsistent outcomes means Canada's top court may have to weigh in, said Sterns.
“我们认为联邦政府必须继续留在案件中。他们是必要当事方，”他说。
"We think that Canada needs to remain in the case. They are a necessary party," he said.
“无论是在保留地内外，联邦政府在原住民儿童福利问题上都有很多责任需要承担，我们认为这是一个已成熟、适合由加拿大最高法院裁决的问题。” 至于安大略省，该省在上诉中表示，承认原住民儿童和家庭深切感受到的影响，但仍反对该诉讼。
"They have a lot to answer for when it comes to Indigenous child welfare, both on and off reserve, and we think this is an issue that is ripe to be decided by the Supreme Court of Canada." As for Ontario, the province said on appeal it recognizes the deeply felt impacts experienced by Indigenous children and families but still opposes the lawsuit.
文件称：“这项拟议的集体诉讼是对安大略省儿童福利、医疗保健和教育领域的全面调查。”
"This proposed class action is a sweeping inquiry into the child welfare, health care and education sectors in Ontario," the filing says.
安大略省称这些指控“不精确”，涉及数千次与独立承担法律责任的儿童援助协会的独特互动。
Ontario calls the claims "imprecise," comprising many thousands of unique interactions with independently suable Children's Aid Societies.