
梅乌西·洛切德坐在床上,而她24岁的女儿乔拉则一动不动地躺在阿彻斯波斯特家中的地板上,就在训练场的附近。角落里放着一辆别人捐赠的轮椅。乔拉的右腿已经截肢;金属支架支撑着她伤势严重的身体,以至于她连抬起头都十分困难。
Memusi Lochede sits on a bed as her 24-year-old daughter Chaula lies motionless on the floor of their home in Archer’s Post, in the shadow of the training grounds. A donated wheelchair sits in the corner. Her daughter’s right leg is gone; metal rods brace a body so badly injured that she struggles to hold up her head.
“看到女儿变成这样,我的心痛得无法言喻,”46岁的洛切德一边擦拭着女儿下巴上的口水,一边对半岛电视台说道,“她需要这么多帮助,可我却无能为力,这让我感到无比羞愧。”据乔拉回忆,2019年时还是青少年的她过马路时被一辆超速行驶的BATUK车辆撞到。她的腿被迫截肢,还从此瘫痪,在医院里度过了近三年时间。洛切德称,后来有一名BATUK的代表前来探望她。
“I have so much pain in my heart seeing my daughter in this condition,” 46-year-old Lochede tells Al Jazeera, wiping the drool from her daughter’s chin. “I feel ashamed that she needs so much help, and I don’t know how to help her.”In 2019, Chaula, then a teenager, says she was hit by a speeding BATUK vehicle while crossing the road. Her leg was amputated and, her mother says, she was left paralysed and spent nearly three years in hospital. A BATUK representative later came to see Lochede, she says.
“他为发生的事道歉,还说他们不希望闹上法庭,会照顾好我的女儿——满足她的一切需求,”她回忆道。
“He apologised for what happened and said they don’t want a court case and would take care of my daughter — anything she needs,” she recounts.
国防部则表示“并未查到有BATUK代表与这家人联系的记录”。洛切德说,女儿出院后,BATUK支付了医院的账单——既没有提供收据,也未说明具体金额——随后便销声匿迹。多年来,洛切德一直给负责处理此类投诉的肯尼亚政府官员、即BATUK的社区联络官打电话,但始终无人接听。最终她只好放弃。
The MOD said it “has not located a record of an approach having been made by a BATUK representative to the family.”When her daughter was discharged, BATUK paid the hospital bills — without receipts or disclosing the amount — and disappeared, Lochede says. For years, Lochede called its community liaison officer, the Kenyan official tasked with receiving complaints like hers, who never answered. Eventually she gave up.
8月份,国防部向半岛电视台透露,BATUK已知晓有指控称其一名司机在2019年“撞伤了一名未成年人,导致其留下永久性伤残”。
The MOD told Al Jazeera in August that BATUK is aware of the claim that one of its drivers “hit and injured a minor” in 2019, “resulting in permanent injuries”.
该部门还称,其法律代表已就此事与肯尼亚国家人权委员会取得联系,并且已经提出了赔偿方案,但委员会尚未作出回应。
It said legal representatives have been in contact with the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights about the case and that a compensation offer has been made but the commission has not responded.
9月下旬,半岛电视台(Al Jazeera)向该委员会(MOD)询问了相关赔偿方案的具体内容、提供时间以及联系方式。该委员会并未透露这些详细信息,仅表示:“BATUK方面仍愿意通过合适的代表与孩子的家人进行沟通,并且会保持公正、无偏见的立场”,但“截至目前,我们仍无法与孩子的家人或授权代表取得联系”。任何赔偿决定都必须基于“经过核实的医疗信息和事实依据”,并且由于本案涉及未成年人,相关决定必须得到肯尼亚法院的批准。
In late September, Al Jazeera asked the MOD what had been offered, when, and through whom. It did not provide those details, saying instead that BATUK “remains willing to engage with the child’s family, through an appropriate representative and on a without-prejudice basis,” but that “to date, we have been unable to establish contact with the family or an authorised representative”. Any resolution would have to rest on “verified medical and factual information” and, because the claim concerns a minor, be approved by a Kenyan court.
该委员会副主任露丝·格托拜·恩查格瓦(Ruth Getobai Nchagwa)表示:“我们从未与BATUK直接联系过,因为我们发给他们的信件都未被回复。”
Ruth Getobai Nchagwa, a deputy director at the commission, says it has “never engaged with BATUK directly as our letters to them went unanswered”.
她指出,乔拉(Chaula)的案件至今仍未得到解决,委员会也不了解任何关于赔偿的讨论。洛切德(Lochede)也表示,至今还没有人向她提出过赔偿要求。
Chaula’s case “has not been addressed to date,” she notes, and the commission is not aware of any discussions about compensation. Lochede similarly says no one has ever approached her about compensation.
事故发生前,洛切德靠制作珠子项链并在内罗毕出售来抚养她的五个孩子。如今她无法离开女儿的身边,而乔拉的每月护理费用约为3万肯尼亚先令(230美元)——这远远超过了洛切德的年收入。
Before the accident, Lochede supported her five children by making beaded necklaces and selling them in Nairobi. Now she cannot leave her daughter’s side, and Chaula’s care costs about 30,000 Kenyan shillings ($230) a month — more than Lochede usually earns.
“每次我拿起电话寻求帮助,却总是无人接听,这种感觉实在令人羞愧,”她边说边努力抑制泪水,“在那些无法照顾女儿的时刻,我只能把自己锁在房间里,躺在床上哭泣。”她的女儿曾经身体健康、活泼可爱,但现在几乎无法说话了。
“It’s a shameful feeling to pick up the phone and call so many numbers for help, and no one picks up your call,” she explains, her lips quivering as she fights tears. “In those moments where I can’t provide for my daughter, I just lock myself inside the room and lie in my bed and cry.”Her daughter, once healthy and active, now barely speaks.
“有些日子,她醒来后只会说一个词,比如‘食物’或‘洗手间’,”洛切德说,“这样的日子还算比较好的。但有些日子,她根本拒绝进食。我能看出她非常沮丧、非常孤独,她的精神状态已经崩溃了。”
“There are some days she wakes up and says just one word, like ‘food’ or ‘bathroom,’” Lochede says. “Those are the good days. Other days, she refuses to eat. I can see that she’s depressed and lonely. Inside, her soul is shattered.”
“这些士兵之所以敢这么做,是因为他们知道他们可以逍遥法外,”她尖锐地补充道,“他们知道我们没有钱,也没有权力;对我们来说,与他们抗争简直是天方夜谭。”像乔拉这样的案例绝非个例。去年,肯尼亚议会国防委员会开展了一项为期两年的调查,将数十年来所谓的巴图克(BATUK)武装组织的暴行正式记录在案。
“These soldiers do these things because they know they can get away with it,” she adds sharply. “They know we don’t have money. We don’t have power. It’s extremely difficult for us to fight them.”Cases like Chaula’s are far from isolated. Last year, a landmark two-year inquiry by Kenya’s parliamentary defence committee put decades of alleged BATUK abuses on the official record.
这份长达94页的报告汇总了来自拉伊皮皮亚(Laikipia)和桑布鲁(Samburu)地区的证词:其中包括一名牧民被英国士兵枪杀的案例;1997年发生的30名妇女遭武装分子持刀强奸的事件;一名男孩因未爆炸的弹药而失去双臂和一只眼睛的悲剧;以及那些孩子的父亲(英国人)从未承认过他们的存在……巴图克武装组织以自己享有的特殊地位和豁免权为由,拒绝出席调查。委员会谴责他们的这种行为,称其是对议会权威的公然蔑视,也是对肯尼亚人民主权的践踏。
The 94-page report gathered testimony from hearings across Laikipia and Samburu, including a herder allegedly shot by a British sergeant; the alleged gang rape of 30 women at knifepoint in 1997; a boy who lost both arms and an eye to unexploded ordnance; and women with children their British fathers had never acknowledged. BATUK declined to appear, citing its status and immunities under the defence arrangements. The committee condemned the refusal as contemptuous, calling it “emblematic of institutional contempt for the authority of Parliament and, by extension, the sovereignty of the people of Kenya”.
报告指出:“巴图克武装组织越来越被视为一个‘占领者’,而非真正的合作伙伴”;当地居民将他们的所作所为与殖民时期的不公正行为相提并论。证人向委员会反映:“涉嫌的暴行不仅没有受到惩罚,反而被刻意掩盖”——每当有巴图克成员涉案时,相关警方档案往往会‘消失不见’,投诉者也会受到恐吓而选择保持沉默。
It concluded that BATUK “is increasingly seen as an occupying presence rather than a development partner”, with affected residents drawing parallels to colonial injustices. Witnesses told the committee that “suspected BATUK abuses are not only unpunished but actively covered up” — that whenever a BATUK member is implicated, police files often “go missing” and complainants are “intimidated into silence.”
英国国防部发言人告诉半岛电视台(Al Jazeera),英国“非常重视”与肯尼亚的关系,“肯尼亚长期以来一直是英国在东非地区的首选国防合作伙伴”。
An MOD spokesperson told Al Jazeera the UK “deeply” values its relationship with Kenya, “which has long been the UK’s defence partner of choice in East Africa”.
“英国外交部正在回应肯尼亚当局和当地社区提出的关切,重点关注法律责任、道德标准、环境保护、经济效益以及社会责任,”发言人表示。
The MOD is “addressing concerns raised by Kenyan authorities and communities, focusing on legal accountability, ethical standards, environmental stewardship, economic benefit and social responsibility,” the spokesperson said.
关于道路交通事故,发言人称英国外交部“与当地政府及肯尼亚警方全力合作”,所有此类事件都经过了“彻底调查”;如果有人提出指控,英国外交部会服从肯尼亚法院的管辖权。
Regarding road traffic incidents, the spokesperson said BATUK “cooperates fully with the local authorities and Kenyan Police”, that all such incidents are “investigated thoroughly” and that “where claims are made, BATUK submits to the jurisdiction of the Kenyan courts”.
当被问及英国外交部在处理委员会提出的关切方面取得了哪些进展,以及是否正在调查任何具体案例时,发言人让半岛电视台参考了其向调查机构提交的书面声明。声明中表示:“我们没有发现任何证据表明英国外交部与当地安全部队存在勾结行为(如压制或驳回投诉、恐吓、贿赂或胁迫受害者保持沉默);如果确实存在此类证据,我们将予以高度重视并展开调查。”
When asked what progress the MOD had made on the concerns raised by the committee, and whether it was investigating any of the specific cases, it referred Al Jazeera to the written statement it submitted to the inquiry, which said it was “not aware of any evidence to support any allegation of collusion with security forces to suppress or dismiss complaints, or intimidate, bribe or coerce victims into silence”, and that any such evidence “would be taken extremely seriously and investigated accordingly”.
伦敦大学亚非学院(SOAS)的女性主义与安全研究教授阿维诺·奥克奇(Awino Okech)认为,这份议会报告所揭示的问题不仅仅是个别人员的滥用职权行为,而是整个军事化体制的问题:“这已经不再是少数不良分子的个案,而是整个体制的问题。”她对半岛电视台表示:“英国政府需要反思的是:当其雇员在外国存在系统性不当行为时,他们应承担何种责任。”
For Awino Okech, professor of feminist and security studies at SOAS University of London, the parliamentary report points beyond individual abuses. “This is no longer a case of a few bad apples but reckoning with what many will interpret as accepted militarised institutional culture,” she tells Al Jazeera. “The fundamental question the British government is being asked to reflect on is their responsibility when there is a documented pattern of malbehaviour by their employees in a foreign country.”
奥克奇强调,这种不当行为与种族因素密切相关:“我们不能忽视种族因素的影响。在肯尼亚发生的犯罪行为往往没有得到应有的重视,这恰恰反映了种族歧视的存在。”
Okech says the pattern cannot be separated from race. “We cannot ignore the racialised element. In this case, it is visible when crimes committed in Kenya are taken less seriously.”