巴黎，10月3日——流亡海外的俄罗斯电影导演安德烈·兹维亚金采夫在电影《米诺陶洛斯》中直面弗拉基米尔·普京在乌克兰发动的战争。这部关于征兵和道德妥协的戏剧，在莫斯科发动全面入侵近五年后上映。
PARIS, Oct 3 - Exiled Russian filmmaker Andrey Zvyagintsev takes on Vladimir Putin's war in Ukraine in "Minotaur", a drama about conscription and moral compromise released nearly five years after Moscow launched its full-scale invasion.
该片今年在戛纳电影节上荣获大奖，并入围2027年奥斯卡最佳国际影片奖。影片上映之际，围绕俄罗斯能否在已造成数十万人死伤的冲突中维持兵力规模的争论仍在持续。
The film, which won the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival this year and is an entry for the 2027 Oscar for best international film, is released as debate persists over Russia's ability to sustain troop numbers in a conflict that has left hundreds of thousands dead or wounded.
其中一个场景展示了俄罗斯新兵登上前往前线的巴士：一位父亲与十几岁的儿子告别，而另一位新兵的母亲则痛苦地尖叫。随后，一名年长新兵的画像出现在路边广告牌上——他已经阵亡，却被奉为战争英雄。
One scene shows Russian conscripts boarding a bus for the front, with a father saying goodbye to his teenage son, while the mother of another screams in anguish. Later, the image of an older recruit appears on a roadside billboard: he is dead and celebrated as a war hero.
故事围绕物流公司老板格列布展开。他正努力应对妻子出轨的问题，同时还要承受市长施压，要求他指定14名员工服兵役。
The story centres on Gleb, the owner of a logistics company who is coming to grips with his wife having an affair, while being pressured by the local mayor to identify 14 employees for military service.
由于不愿将现有员工派往前线，他以高薪为诱饵招募了新的司机，却将他们直接送往战场。
Unwilling to send his existing workers to the front, he recruits new drivers with promises of high salaries, only to dispatch them straight to the war.
“对于一位在那里生活过、出生在那里且只会说俄语的导演来说……他怎么可能不谈论近年来发生的主要事件，甚至是最重要的事件呢？”兹维亚金采夫在接受路透社采访时这样说道。
"For a director who has lived there, was born there, and speaks only Russian ... how could he not talk about what has become the main, if not the most important, event of recent years?" Zvyagintsev said of himself in an interview with Reuters.
这位62岁的导演在国际上最为人熟知的作品是《利维坦》和《爱乐之城》，两部影片均获得奥斯卡提名。他于2021年离开俄罗斯，现居法国，而莫斯科在几个月后便发动了所谓在乌克兰的“特别军事行动”。
The 62-year-old director, best known internationally for "Leviathan" and "Loveless", both Oscar nominated, now lives in France, having left Russia in 2021, months before Moscow launched what it calls its special military operation in Ukraine.
宣传与软实力：法国制作的《米诺陶洛斯》虽然用俄语拍摄，但其主题注定该片在俄罗斯永远无法正式上映。不过，兹维亚金采夫本人也怀疑这部电影能否改变人们对战争的看法。根据列瓦达中心2026年的民意调查，俄罗斯民众对乌克兰军事行动的支持率仍保持在70%以上，尽管有67%的受访者同时支持和平谈判。
PROPAGANDA VERSUS SOFT POWER "Minotaur", produced in France, is in Russian but its topic means it will never be officially released in Russia. Zvyagintsev is sceptical anyway that it can shift opinion about the war. Support in Russia for the military campaign in Ukraine remained above 70% in 2026 polling by the Levada Center, although 67% of respondents also favoured peace negotiations.
“宣传就像一把重锤，像钳子，像铁砧。它是一种非常粗俗的工具，”他说。
"Propaganda is like a heavy hammer, like pliers, like an anvil. It's a very crude instrument," he said.
“而艺术则关注细微之处。这种软实力是长期起作用的。”自2022年那次在政治上造成负面影响的强制征召以来，莫斯科一直避免再次实施强制动员，转而依靠招募活动和奖金。不过，一些分析人士认为，新一轮动员仍不能完全排除。
"Art, on the other hand, deals with subtleties. This soft power works over the long term." Moscow has avoided another compulsory mobilisation since its politically damaging 2022 call-up, relying instead on recruitment drives andg bonuses, though some analysts say a fresh mobilisation cannot be ruled out.
兹维亚金采夫表示，网上发布的俄罗斯动员活动视频对剧本的撰写起到了帮助作用。由于自2021年感染新冠重症以来他再未返回俄罗斯，因此无法在当地拍摄，最终选择用拉脱维亚的一个小镇作为替代。
Videos of Russia's mobilisation campaigns posted online helped shape the screenplay, Zvyagintsev said. Unable to shoot in Russia, where he has not returned since suffering a severe bout of COVID-19 in 2021, he used a Latvian town as a stand-in.
“我不认为一个人经历60年的人生之后，仅仅一年时间就会突然与现实脱节，”他说。
"I don't think that after 60 years of life experience a person can suddenly lose touch with reality in just one year," he said.
评论界将这部将于10月14日在法国上映的《米诺陶洛斯》称为兹维亚金采夫对俄罗斯政治与道德状况最直接的批判之一。
Critics have described "Minotaur", which opens in French cinemas on October 14, as one of Zvyagintsev's most overt commentaries on Russia's political and moral condition.
“我们能做的只有这些：按照我们所看到的方式讲述这个故事，并在这种令人难以忍受的妥协状态中，找到人性的一面，”他说。
"This is all we could do: tell the story as we see it and find the human being in this unbearable state of compromise," he said.
今年8月，俄罗斯将兹维亚金采夫列为“外国代理人”——这一标签通常用于被当局指控在外国支持下从事反俄活动的公众人物。他拒绝评论这一认定可能对他个人或职业生涯产生何种影响。
In August, Russia designated Zvyagintsev a "foreign agent", a label applied to public figures accused by authorities of carrying out anti-Russian activities with foreign support. He declined to comment on what impact the designation might have on him personally or professionally.
从夏布洛尔到乌克兰：兹维亚金采夫最初曾计划翻拍法国导演克劳德·夏布洛尔1969年的惊悚片《不忠的妻子》，该片讲述了一位丈夫怀疑妻子出轨的故事。
FROM CHABROL TO UKRAINE Zvyagintsev had originally sought to remake French director Claude Chabrol's 1969 thriller "La Femme Infidele" ("The Unfaithful Wife"), about a husband who suspects his wife is having an affair.
但直到权利最终获得保障，剧本工作于2022年启动时，俄罗斯对乌克兰的入侵彻底改变了这个项目的走向。
But when the rights were finally secured and work on the screenplay began in 2022, Russia's invasion of Ukraine transformed the project.
沙布罗尔原本设定的巴黎郊区场景，变成了一座灰暗的俄罗斯小镇，而原故事中家庭内部的紧张关系也被重新置于战争背景之下。
Chabrol's suburban Paris setting became a bleak Russian town, and the domestic tensions of the original story were recast against the backdrop of war.
“现在我才意识到，我们当时真是幸运，因为2018到2019年期间，我们没能买下这些权利，”他说。“如果我们在2018年就拍了这部电影，那结果会完全不同。” 路透社
"I realise now that we were simply lucky that in 2018-2019 we weren't able to acquire the rights," he said. "If we had made the film in 2018, it would have been completely different." REUTERS