佐伊·丹尼尔写道:我们任由那些以掠夺性手段经营的化石燃料企业、博彩公司及科技公司获取巨额利润,却几乎无需承担任何责任或付出相应代价,而普通家庭却苦不堪言。
We let blatantly extractive fossil fuel, gambling and tech companies reap massive profits for minimal return or accountability, while families struggle, writes Zoe Daniel.
摄影:丽莎·玛丽·威廉姆斯/盖蒂图片社 佐伊·丹尼尔:谁感到不堪重负?
Who’s feeling overwhelmed? Going to the supermarket and petrol station was already stressful.
去超市或加油站原本就让人倍感压力。如今利率持续上涨,预计还会进一步攀升,而圣诞节也即将来临。
Now interest rates have gone up, with another increase predicted, and Christmas is coming.
保险费用已然高得离谱。如今厄尔尼诺现象又迫在眉睫,对许多澳大利亚人而言,本该轻松愉快的暑假如今却变成了一次风险管理工作。
The cost of insurance is already horrendous. Now the El Niño is looming, making what should be carefree summer holidays an exercise in risk management for many Australians.
那些科技大佬原本就权力过大。如今人工智能正威胁着我们的工作机会,甚至可能危及我们的生存;与此同时,信息环境中充斥着各种由AI生成的垃圾信息,它们正诱导我们彼此仇视。
The tech bros already had too much power. Now AI is threatening our jobs, and potentially our very existence, while the information ecosystem is rife with AI slop that’s manipulating us into hating one another.
贫富差距日益悬殊,由此引发的愤怒情绪也愈演愈烈,尤其是在年轻一代当中——这种愤怒完全合情合理。
The wealth gap is yawning, and so is the anger over it, especially among younger generations. Rightly.
人们在公共场合遭遇抢劫,或是发现有人闯入家中;那些为支撑澳大利亚经济而拼尽全力工作的移民们,从交通运输到儿童保育等诸多领域都做出了贡献,却无辜地背上了骂名。
People are getting mugged in public or find intruders in their home, and migrants who work their guts out to underpin our economy in everything from transport to childcare and beyond are unfairly getting the blame.
地缘政治环境令人胆寒,国内政治环境也乏善可陈,甚至呈现出特朗普式的倾向。
The geopolitical environment is terrifying. The domestic political environment is uninspiring and as a result is leaning Trumpian.
要说有什么表情符号能代表“失败”的话,那就是各州政府连路面坑洼都修不好。有多少人遇到过轮胎爆裂的情况呢?(维多利亚州的朋友们,你们懂的。)可以说,上述种种问题共同导致了心理健康问题日益严重、博彩成瘾现象频发、家庭暴力增多,以及各类反社会行为的蔓延——这一切都严重影响了处于压力之下的民众。
And, if ever there was an emoji for failure, state governments can’t even fix the potholes. Hands up who’s blown a tyre? ( Hello Victorians. Arguably, all of this is manifesting in the escalating mental health issues gambling harm, resulting domestic violence and the broader antisocial behaviours that affect people under pressure.
然而,无论是在预防还是应对层面,这些问题都长期得不到应有的重视。所有问题彼此关联,客观而言,当前的状况简直糟糕透顶。
And all of those are chronically under-prioritised both in terms of prevention and response. It is all connected. And it is objectively an absolutely hopeless state of affairs.
人们完全无法掌控任何事物:物价、通货膨胀、气候变化、大型科技企业、犯罪问题乃至政府本身,统统都超出了他们的控制范围。也难怪人们会如此愤怒。那么,我们该如何解决这一问题呢?首先,别再把这仅仅当作一个政治问题来看待。
We wonder why people are so furious when they have totally lost control, of everything. Prices are beyond their control, inflation is beyond their control, climate change, big tech, crime, the government itself. So how do we fix it? First, stop treating it as a political problem.
本周,一位工党议员说道:“大家逐渐意识到,我们必须展现出在财政支出方面更加积极的姿态。”
“There’s a recognition that we will need to be seen to be more aggressive on spending,” said one Labor MP this week.
“展现出积极姿态?”——其实没必要只纠结于表面形象,而应该思考究竟什么才能真正改善民众的生活。毕竟,仅仅为了保住政权而无所作为也毫无意义。
“Be seen to?”Stop worrying about optics and think about what will make a difference to people’s lives. Because there’s not much point in holding on to government just for the sake of it.
试着回想一下:当利率上涨,当信用卡额度早已用尽,当油箱见底、冰箱也空空如也时,那种身心俱疲、难受至极的感觉究竟是怎样的。
Remember, if you can, what it’s like to feel physically sick when interest rates go up, when your credit cards are already maxed, your car is on empty and so is the fridge.
领导工党奇夫利研究中心的艾玛·道森也指出:那些生活相对优渥的经济学家和政策专家,往往并非“数十年来因放松监管而深受其害”的群体,因此他们也不会转而支持“一国党”。
Emma Dawson, who leads Labor’s Chifley Research Centre, has also pointed to the fact that relatively well-off economists and policy wonks are generally not the people who have “lost out from decades of deregulation” and are therefore drifting to One Nation.
同样地,美国民众转向支持唐纳德·特朗普,也是因为那些深受全球化与放松监管冲击的社区遭遇了失业潮、前景黯淡,人们失去了掌控感与希望。归根结底,政府的存在意义究竟是什么?
Similarly, the drift to Donald Trump in the US was rooted in communities whacked by globalisation, deregulation and the resulting job losses, worsening prospects and loss of both control and hope. At the end of the day, what is government for?
就是为了保障民众的福祉、安全与健康,提供优质的教育与就业机会,让所有人都能过上好日子;也是为了捍卫国家主权,防范那些企图操纵公众情绪的不良势力。
To deliver wellbeing safety and security, good health, education and an economy in which everyone can thrive. And to protect our sovereignty, including from nefarious actors manipulating public sentiment.
然而现实却是:我们几乎把资源白白拱手让人,却未能将由此产生的财富回馈给本国民众、帮助他们改善生活。
Yet we all but give away our stuff without returning the wealth to support and enable our own people.
澳大利亚税务局最新发布的企业税收透明度报告显示:一些在澳运营的大型企业,包括天然气出口商马来西亚国家石油公司和韩国天然气公社,在获得数十亿收入的情况下,却几乎不用缴纳企业所得税。过去十年间,桑托斯公司累计盈利近500亿美元,却同样分文未缴企业所得税。
The Australian Taxation Office’s latest corporate tax transparency report shows that some of the largest companies operating in Australia, including gas exporters Petronas and Kogas, are paying little or no corporate income tax on billions in revenue. Santos, which has made almost $50bn over the last decade has paid no corporate income tax over that time.
于是,我们任由那些跨国且以掠夺资源为目的的化石燃料企业、博彩公司及科技巨头攫取巨额利润,却几乎无需承担任何责任;而普通家庭却仍在艰难求生。
So, we allow largely multinational and blatantly extractive fossil fuel, gambling and tech companies to reap massive profits for minimal return or accountability, while families struggle.
我们生活在一个风景如画、充满韧性与乐观精神的国度,然而我们却未能让所有人都能共享这份美好,甚至任由这种美好逐渐消逝。
We live in a nation of extraordinary beauty with a unique brand of resilience and optimism, yet we fail to enable everyone to enjoy it, and we are allowing it to erode.
这并非在讨论储备银行的问题——该机构职责明确,但可动用的手段却十分有限。这其实是一个更为宏大的议题:我们该如何照顾好自己的民众?
This is not an argument about the Reserve Bank, which has one key job and limited levers to do it with. It’s a bigger question about how we look after our own.
正如RedBridge的亚历克斯·费因所写:“如今的环境下,垄断与双头垄断企业可以随心所欲地制定规则,哪怕这会导致越来越多的人觉得无力负担生活开支。”
We have, as Alex Fein from RedBridge has written“an environment in which monopolies and duopolies are free to set their own terms, even if that means more and more people feel they cannot afford to live”.
她指出:“这些民众感觉自己失去了自主权:高昂的生活成本压得他们喘不过气,而那些掌权者——无论是远在天边的还是就在身边的——其利益诉求却与他们背道而驰。”那么,政府能做些什么来改变这种局面呢?与其空谈,不如行动。
“These participants,” she says, “feel robbed of agency: crushed at home by the cost of living, and by powers (both distant and at home) whose interests simply don’t align with theirs.”What could government do to make a difference? Show don’t tell.
除了解决政府开支这一棘手难题外,还需扭转当前社区与大企业之间的权力失衡状况,这才是民众不满情绪的根源所在。
Aside from addressing the thorny issue of government spending, reset the power imbalance between community and big corporations which is at the core of the dissatisfaction.
首先,对出口天然气征收暴利税;对大型化石燃料企业、大型博彩公司及大型科技企业实施严格征税与监管;随后将所得资金用于降低育儿费用、高等教育成本、药品价格,并通过联邦住房补贴减轻民众的房租负担。这些措施既能缓解生活成本压力,又能抑制通货膨胀。还有,请务必修补那些坑坑洼洼的路面吧。
Start by implementing a windfall tax on export gas, properly tax and enforce regulation on big fossil fuels, big gambling and big tech, then use the proceeds to reduce the cost of childcare, tertiary education, medicines and rent via commonwealth rent assistance. All these measures would both reduce cost-of-living pressure and inflation. And, please, fix the potholes.