Boateng Bismark James自2023年起在Neoplan车站发车的巴士上传教 Thomas Naadi BBC Africa 阿克拉 11分钟前在早高峰开始前，加纳首都阿克拉Neoplan长途汽车站内已回荡着赞美诗与敬拜声，一群基督徒聚集于此，准备登上前往全国各地的车辆传播福音。
Boateng Bismark James has been preaching on buses leaving Neoplan station since 2023 Thomas Naadi BBC Africa Accra 11 minutes ago Before the morning rush begins, the sound of praise and worship fills the Neoplan bus station in Ghana's capital, Accra, as a group of Christians gather to prepare to evangelise on vehicles taking travellers across the country.
在鼓声与舞蹈中，Boateng Bismark James带领13名信徒——9名男性和4名女性——为前往加纳各地的司机和乘客祈祷。
Amid drumming and dancing, Boateng Bismark James leads 13 worshippers, nine men and four women, in prayer for drivers and passengers travelling to destinations across Ghana.
加纳是一个以基督教为主的国家，在公共交通工具上传教非常普遍。在长途巴士上，常能看见——也能听见——牧师传讲福音。
Ghana is a predominantly Christian country where preaching on public transport is widespread. On long-distance buses, pastors can often be seen - and heard - preaching the gospel.
有时他们站在驾驶员旁边的楼梯间，有时在过道里来回走动，朗读《圣经》并高声呼吁罪人悔改。即使行程长达数小时，他们也不会停歇。信徒们有时会给传教士钱款，以支持他们的事工。但一项新法律意味着这一熟悉的做法可能即将终结。
Sometimes they stand in the stairwell next to the driver, at others they walk up and down the aisle reading from the Bible and calling on sinners to repent at the tops of their voices. They do not stop even if the trip lasts for several hours. The faithful sometimes offer money to the preachers to support their endeavours. But a new law means this familiar practice could be coming to an end.
任何人在营运车辆上传教，最高可面临八个月监禁、最高52美元（约合39英镑）罚款，或两者并罚。
Anyone found preaching in public service vehicles faces up to eight months in prison, a fine of up to $52 (£39) or both.
这项新规于5月由议会通过，近几周开始执行，针对车辆行驶过程中的传教和叫卖行为，将两者均定性为滋扰，理由是维护乘客的安全与舒适。
The new regulation, passed by parliament in May, and which has started to be enforced in recent weeks, targets preaching and hawking on vehicles while they are in motion, classifying both as a nuisance and citing the safety and comfort of passengers.
现年61岁的Boateng是Gospel Light教会的牧师，自2023年起一直在从Neoplan车站发车的商业车辆上传教。
Boateng, a 61-year-old pastor at Gospel Light church, has been preaching on commercial vehicles leaving Neoplan station since 2023.
他用当地语言Twi语对BBC表示：“我在商业车辆上传教，是因为并非所有人都能在周日去教堂。有很多乘客需要我们的救赎信息来悔改罪孽。我们甚至在一些巴士上为病人祷告医治。”
"I preach on commercial vehicles because not everyone is able to go to church on Sunday. There are a lot of passengers who need our message of salvation to repent from their sins. We even heal the sick on some buses," he told the BBC in Twi, a local language.
身穿神职人员领衬衫的博滕在排满乘客的巴士行间穿梭，随后登上了一辆开往库马西的巴士——加纳第二大城市。我们在巴士发车前采访了他，以免触犯法律。
Wearing a clerical collared shirt, Boateng moves through rows of buses loading passengers before boarding one bound for Kumasi, Ghana's second-largest city. We speak to him before the bus departs to avoid breaking the law.
一些旅客专注地聆听他的布道，另一些人则试图无视他，低头刷手机、打电话或三三两两聊天。
Some travellers listen closely as he delivers his message. Others try to ignore him, browsing their phones, making calls or chatting among themselves.
“一些乘客对我的布道很满意。甚至有人说他们在教堂从未听过这个信息，但通过我的布道，他们现在知道这在《圣经》里，”他说。
"Some passengers are very happy with my message. Some even say they have never heard the message in church, but through my preaching they now know it is in the Bible," he says.
博滕·比斯马克·詹姆斯及其团队在车站布道后登车 新规引发舆论分歧。
Boateng Bismark James and his group start preaching at the bus station before boarding the vehicles The new rules have divided opinion.
批评者称，在行驶车辆上布道是一种滋扰和安全隐患，可能分散司机注意力；支持者则辩称，传福音是基督徒的义务，应受宗教信仰自由保护。一位三十出头、自称切里·洛科的女士表示，她希望旅途安静。
Critics say preaching on moving vehicles is a nuisance and a safety risk, as it could distract the driver, while supporters argue that evangelism is a Christian duty and should be protected under the freedom of religious worship. One woman in her early 30s, who wishes to be identified as Chery Lokko, says she prefers to travel in peace.
“我不喜欢，因为他们是一种滋扰。他们不知不觉会把口水吐到你身上，尤其是坐在离他们不远的地方时，无论是噪音还是口水都让人烦恼。我乘坐公共交通工具时只想清静。”近期一段在社交媒体广泛传播的视频显示，一名面包车乘客愤怒地质问一位试图登车的牧师。“下去，我说下去，”他大喊。
''I don't like it because they are a nuisance. Some of them spit saliva on you unconsciously, especially if you are seated not far from them, and they are a nuisance in terms of noise and saliva. I like my peace whenever I'm on public transport.'' In one video widely shared on social media recently, a passenger on a minibus is seen angrily confronting a pastor attempting to board. "Get down, I say get down," he shouts.
但在这个虔诚的国家——世界上最宗教化的国家之一——其他人认为，公共交通工具上的传福音是接触那些可能不去教堂的人的重要途径。
But in this devout country, ranked among the most religious in the world others say evangelism on public transport is an important way of reaching people who may not attend church.
前往库马西的乘客伯尼丝·纳尔泰表示，牧师应该被允许布道，但须征得乘客同意。
Bernice Nartey, a passenger travelling to Kumasi, says pastors should be allowed to preach, but only with passengers' consent.
“布道有时能帮助人们悔改。例如，如果有人正经历压力重重的处境，牧师的信息能给他们带来新的希望，”她说。
"The preaching sometimes helps people to repent. For instance, if someone is going through a stressful situation, the message of the pastor can give the person renewed hope," she says.
博阿滕表示，这项规定令他深感不安，他希望宗教传教士能获得豁免权。
Boateng says he was shaken by the regulation and wants religious preachers to be given an exemption.
“我们非常担忧，因为这里的多数牧师都依靠在公交车上布道来获取乘客捐赠的金钱，以此养家糊口，”他说。
"We are very worried, because most pastors here depend on preaching to take care of their families through the monetary gifts offered by passengers," he says.
“政府应当允许我们在公交车上布道，并在车辆驶出阿克拉后下车，”他补充道。对博阿滕而言，布道不仅是宗教使命，更是重要的收入来源。
"The government should allow us to preach on the buses and alight when it is exiting Accra," he adds. For Boateng, preaching is not only a religious calling but also an important source of income.
“多亏了布道，我才能供孩子们上学。我最小的孩子刚刚大学毕业，其学费有一半是我靠布道赚来的钱支付的。” 2012年，加纳首次禁止在商业公交车上布道，违者最高可面临30天监禁。不过当时执法力度较弱，这一行为依然屡见不鲜，尤其在公交车上更为普遍。如今新法规进一步加重了对违规者的处罚力度。
"I have been able to take care of my children's education. My last-born just completed university, and half of the financial support came from money I got from preaching." Getty Images Preaching on commercial buses was first prohibited in Ghana 2012, but the law banning it has now been beefed up Ghana's constitution guarantees freedom of religion, although those rights are subject to considerations including public safety. Preaching on commercial buses was first prohibited in Ghana in 2012, with offenders facing up to 30 days in prison. But enforcement was weak and so the practice remained common, particularly on buses.
在加纳的公交枢纽站和市场中，经常能看到使用扩音器布道的传教士，不过他们不受此次禁令限制。
The new law beefs up the penalties for those that flout the ban. Preachers using megaphones can also often be seen and heard at Ghana's lorry parks and markets but they are not affected by the ban.
加纳基督教理事会并未回应BBC的置评请求。不过加纳规模最大的教会之一——国际中央福音教会的资深牧师伊诺克·保罗·海斯向BBC表示，他认为新法规并未侵犯宗教自由。他呼吁其他牧师遵守法律，另寻途径传播教义。
The Christian Council of Ghana did not respond to the BBC's request for a comment but Rev Enoch Paul Hayes, a senior pastor at one of the biggest churches in Ghana, the International Central Gospel Church, tells the BBC he does not think the new rules infringe on religious freedom. He urges his fellow pastors not to break the law, saying they should find other ways of spreading their message.
“社交媒体就是一个很好的替代渠道，同样的信息可以传播给成千上万的民众，”他说。
"There is social media as an alternative outlet, where the same message can reach thousands of people," he says.
对博阿滕及其他在公交车上布道的传教士而言，新法规让他们面临艰难抉择：要么调整传教方式，要么放弃重要的收入来源，要么冒着触犯法律的风险继续布道。基督教传教活动、加纳宗教、BBC非洲播客
For Boateng and other bus preachers, the new rules create a difficult choice between adapting their ministry, giving up an important source of income, or risking falling foul of the law. Christianity Evangelism Ghana Religion BBC Africa podcasts