达弗罗扎·戈蒂耶在法国追踪被指控参与1994年卢旺达大屠杀的卢旺达人数十年，现因癌症去世，享年72岁。她和丈夫阿兰通过向嫌疑逃犯提起一系列民事诉讼，推动法国司法系统对其追责。
Dafroza Gauthier, who spent spent decades tracking down Rwandans in France accused of involvement in the 1994 genocide, has died from cancer at the age of 72. By filing a string of civil lawsuits against suspected fugitives, she and her husband Alain pushed the French legal system to hold them to account.
达弗罗扎·戈蒂耶于周六在兰斯去世，这对夫妇自1980年代起便居住在这座法国城市。她留下丈夫和三个子女。
Dafroza Gauthier died on Saturday in Reims, the French city where the couple had lived since the 1980s. She is survived by her husband and three children.
在法国，戈蒂耶夫妇常被比作塞尔日和贝阿特·克拉尔斯费尔德夫妇，后者是二战后追踪纳粹战犯的“纳粹猎人”。
The Gauthiers were often compared in France to Serge and Beate Klarsfeld, the Nazi hunters who tracked down war criminals after the Holocaust.
他们创立了“卢旺达民事原告集体”（CPCR），该协会在法国对数十名大屠杀嫌疑人提起民事诉讼。在多起案件中，这些诉讼依据“普遍管辖权”原则引发了刑事审判，该原则允许在法国居住的嫌疑人因严重罪行受审，无论罪行发生在何地。七人已被最终定罪，判处14年至终身监禁不等的刑罚。
They founded the Collective of Civil Plaintiffs for Rwanda (CPCR), an association that filed civil suits against dozens of genocide suspects in France. In several cases, these led to criminal trials under the principal of universal jurisdiction, which allows suspects residing in France to be tried for serious crimes regardless of where they were committed. Seven have received a final conviction and prison sentences ranging from 14 years to life.
恐怖的见证者达弗罗扎·穆卡鲁蒙吉于1954年8月4日出生于卢旺达南部布塔雷的一个图西族农民家庭。
Witness to horror Dafroza Mukarumongi was born on 4 August 1954 in Butare, in southern Rwanda, into a Tutsi farming family.
她从小经历种族暴力，目睹自家房屋被烧、财产被抢。1973年，母亲为安全起见将她和妹妹送往布隆迪。随后，达弗罗扎前往比利时学习化学。
She experienced ethnic violence from a young age, seeing her family's house burned and property looted. In 1973, her mother sent both her daughters to Burundi for safety. From there, Dafroza moved to Belgium and studied chemistry.
她在丈夫阿兰·戈蒂耶担任教师赴卢旺达工作时相识，后来去法国探望他。两人于1977年结婚。
She had met French-born Alain Gauthier while he was working as a teacher in Rwanda, and later visited him in France. The couple married in 1977.
1994年2月，已成为化学工程师的达弗罗扎返回卢旺达探亲。她看到基加利街头有民兵，听到胡图极端分子通过广播向图西族人散布仇恨言论。
In February 1994, Dafroza – by then a chemical engineer – returned to Rwanda to visit family. She saw militia on the streets of Kigali and heard Hutu extremists broadcasting hate speech against Tutsis.
母亲催促她离开。“几十年后，达弗罗扎·戈蒂耶对报纸说：‘我至今仍因把母亲留在身后而感到难以言表的愧疚。’”1994年4月8日，卢旺达总统朱韦纳尔·哈比亚利马的飞机被击落、屠杀开始两天后，达弗罗扎的母亲在基加利的一座教堂内遭枪击身亡。
Her mother pushed her to leave. "I still feel an indescribable sense of guilt for having left her behind," Dafroza Gauthier told newspaper decades later. On 8 April 1994, two days after Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana's plane was shot down and the killings began, Dafroza's mother was shot dead in a Kigali church.
回到法国后，“我们整天守在电话旁”，达弗罗扎·戈蒂埃在2014年接受采访时说道。“人们会告诉我们，‘在X家，他们全死了。今天早上就被杀害了。’这些消息已经变得毫无意义。我无法用言语表达那种感受。”她表示，她的亲属中大约有70到80人遇难——她母亲的全家都死了。
Back in France, "we were glued to the telephone all day", Dafroza Gauthier told the in 2014. "People would tell us, 'At X's home, they're all dead. They've been killed this morning.' It didn't mean anything anymore. I can't express it with words." In total, she said, around 70 to 80 of her relatives died – her mother's entire family.
“倾诉有助于我们疗愈”——卢旺达大屠杀幸存者在纪念日发声 毕生事业2001年，戈蒂埃夫妇参加了在比利时举行的审判，四名被指控参与大屠杀的人受审。他们均被定罪。
'Speaking helps us heal' says Rwandan survivor on genocide anniversary A life's work In 2001, the Gauthiers attended the trial in Belgium of four people accused of taking part in the genocide. All were convicted.
同年晚些时候，他们成立了CPCR（卢旺达大屠杀受害者与幸存者委员会）。他们的调查揭露了多名在法国过着舒适生活的嫌疑人——其中包括多米尼克·恩塔武库里里亚约，他在多达2.5万图西族难民的屠杀中扮演了角色，随后被卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭定罪。
Later that year, they set up the CPCR. Their investigations unmasked several suspects living comfortably in France – including Dominique Ntawukuriryayo, who played in a role in the killing of as many of 25,000 Tutsi refugees and was subsequently convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.
2014年，他们在法国赢得了第一起刑事案件，前情报主管帕斯卡尔·辛比坎加在巴黎因种族灭绝罪和危害人类罪受审。他被判有罪，并被判处25年监禁。法国与卢旺达联合在巴黎建立纪念碑，以纪念大屠杀遇难者达弗罗扎·戈蒂埃在屠杀30周年之际接受法国文化电台采访时表示，回想1994年的暴行“让人头晕目眩”。“但我们不能只是思考——我们必须行动，为这场屠杀做点什么。”她常说，她寻求的不是复仇，而是正义。
They secured their first criminal case in France in 2014, when former chief of intelligence Pascal Simbikangwa was tried in Paris for genocide and crimes against humanity. He was found guilty and sentenced to 25 years in prison. France and Rwanda unite to honour genocide victims with Paris monument Thinking about the 1994 atrocities "makes your head spin", Dafroza Gauthier told France Culture radio around the 30th anniversary of the killings. "But we can't just think – we have to act, do something about this slaughter." She often said she was seeking not revenge, but justice.
“她是一位非凡的人物，”卢旺达侨民团体“法国卢旺达社区”主席克里斯托夫·伦扎霍告诉法国国际广播电台。“司法系统失去了一位非常重要的人物，一位在将实施针对图西族种族灭绝的罪犯绳之以法方面不知疲倦的人。”“这是她的毕生事业，她直到生命的最后一刻都在为之奋斗。”
"She was a remarkable person," Christophe Renzaho, president of the Rwandan Community in France expat group, told RFI. "The justice system has lost someone very important, a person who knew no bounds when it came to bringing those who committed genocide against the Tutsis to justice. "It was her life's work and she carried it out until her very last breath."