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美国的医疗保健劳动力正处于危机之中America’s Health Care Workforce Is in Crisis

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乔纳森·泰斯博士曾难以想象自己将在医学领域拥有怎样的未来。作为家族中第一代大学生,也是10个兄弟姐妹中年龄最大的一个,泰斯由祖父母在克利夫兰抚养长大。在莫尔豪斯学院攻读生物学期间,距离毕业仅剩几个学分时,他的祖母去世了。悲痛和经济困境险些让他的学业以及成为家族第一位医生的梦想都化为泡影。

Dr. Jonathan Tyes once struggled to imagine a future in medicine for himself. A first-generation college student and the oldest of 10 siblings, Tyes was raised by his grandparents in Cleveland. While studying biology at Morehouse College, he was a few credits from graduation when his grandmother died. Grief and financial hardship threatened to end both his education and his dream of becoming the first physician in his family.

此后,他花费数年重新铺就自己的人生道路。他一边上学一边工作,作为社区卫生工作者帮助有需要的人,多次赴加纳执行医疗援助任务,后来还成为一名药房技术员,但他始终没有放弃从事医疗事业的目标。最终,作为一名年过三十的非传统学生,他考入了医学院。

Instead, he spent years rebuilding his path. He worked throughout school, served those in need as a community health worker, completed medical mission trips to Ghana, became aed pharmacy technician, and refused to abandon his goal of practicing medicine. Eventually, as a non-traditional student in his mid-thirties, he got into medical school.

尽管求学期间他的家庭一直面临无家可归、枪支暴力等各种磨难,他仍然坚持了下来。来自我们所属的全国医学奖学金组织(National Medical Fellowships,NMF)的经济支持,帮助他得以保持学籍并继续接受培训。如今,泰斯是布法罗大学的一名麻醉科住院医师,同时在哈佛大学攻读公共卫生硕士学位。

Though his family faced homelessness, gun violence, and other tribulations throughout his education, he stayed the course. Financial support from our organization, National Medical Fellowships (NMF), helped him remain enrolled and continue his training. Now, Tyes is an anesthesiology resident at the University of Buffalo, while at the same time pursuing a master of public health degree at Harvard.

他的故事是坚韧不拔的明证,但这也是一则警示:美国承受不起失去泰斯这样未来医生的代价。

His story is a testament to perseverance—but it is also a warning. America cannot afford to lose future physicians like Tyes.

专家们警告多年的医疗保健人才短缺危机已经到来。未来十年,美国预计将短缺超过70万名医疗保健专业人员,其中包括医生、注册护士和执业护士。与此同时,加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、爱尔兰以及阿拉伯联合酋长国等正通过简化的执照审批通道,积极招募受过美国培训的临床医护人员,给本已不堪重负的医疗人才队伍带来更大压力。

The health care workforce emergency that experts have warned about for years is no longer approaching—it is here. Over the next decade, the U.S. is projected to face a shortage of more than 700,000 health care professionals, including physicians,ed nurses, and licensed practical nurses. At the same time, countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the United Arab Emirates are actively recruiting U.S.-trained clinicians through streamlined licensing pathways, placing additional pressure on an already strained workforce.

这一危机的影响已波及各个社区。无论你住在阿拉巴马州的乡村小镇,还是曼哈顿的高层公寓,很可能都亲身经历过医疗资源短缺的困境。你可能为了预约儿科医生等了数月之久;可能陪着年迈的父母在急诊室走廊里苦候数小时;也可能因为下次可预约的就诊时间太过遥远,而不得不推迟对自身慢性病的治疗。如今,患者平均需要等待38天才能看上病——这一时长几乎是众多医学专家认为的合理时长的三倍。

The consequences are being felt in every community. Whether you live in a rural town in Alabama or a high-rise in Manhattan, chances are you have experienced the shortage firsthand. You may have waited months for a pediatric appointment, spent hours in an emergency department hallway with an aging parent, or postponed care for your own chronic condition because the next available appointment was too far in the future. Today, the average wait time to see a physician is 38 days—nearly three times what many experts consider medically appropriate.

医疗行业赖以运转的核心就是医护人员,然而这个全国规模最大的就业领域如今正饱受职业倦怠、医患信任缺失、投入不足以及新冠疫情遗留影响的多重重压。根据最近的一项哈里斯民意调查,超过半数的医疗从业者正考虑离职,其中不少人甚至打算彻底离开这个行业。40岁以下的医生占比不足17%,而60岁以上的医生则约占五分之一。

Health care is built on people, yet the nation’s largest employment sector is buckling under the weight of burnout, mistrust, underinvestment, and the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to a recent Harris Poll, more than half of health care workers are considering leaving their jobs, with many planning to exit the profession altogether. Fewer than 17% of physicians are under the age of 40, while roughly one in five is over 60.

目前的状况实在不容乐观:我们流失经验丰富的医疗人才的速度,远远快于培养新一代人才的速度;我们向仍在坚守岗位的医护人员提出更多要求,却未能给予他们足够的资源与支持。这种系统性失灵在乡村地区及医疗资源匮乏的社区表现得尤为明显。

The math isn’t adding up. We are losing experienced professionals faster than we are preparing the next generation. We are asking more of those who remain while offering them fewer resources and less support. Nowhere is this failure more visible than in rural and medically underserved communities.

倘若我们无法从根源上解决职业倦怠、沉重的教育债务以及医保报销水平持续走低等问题,那么无论身处何地、经济状况如何,我们的医疗体系都将难以满足日益增多的老年群体的健康需求。

If we fail to address the root causes of this crisis—professional burnout, crushing educational debt, and declining reimbursement—we will not have a health care system capable of caring for our growing aging population, regardless of ZIP code or socioeconomic status.

然而,我们非但没有夯实基础,反而正在抽离地基的砖石。联邦卫生支出正在被大幅削减。支持研究、扩大低收入家庭医疗服务获取、强化公共卫生基础设施的项目正在被拆解。近期联邦支出的变化——包括H.R. 1法案的通过——预计将增加无保险美国人的数量,挤压本已脆弱的医疗体系,推高医疗成本,并迫使社区健康中心和医院关门歇业。这种影响不仅波及当下的劳动力队伍,更延伸至未来的队伍。

Yet instead of reinforcing the foundation, we are pulling bricks from the bottom. Federal health spending is being slashed. Programs that support research, expand access for low-income families, and strengthen public health infrastructure are being dismantled. Recent federal spending changes—including the passing of H.R. 1—are projected to increase the number of uninsured Americans, squeeze already fragile health systems, raise health care costs, and force community health centers and hospitals to shutter. The impact extends beyond today’s workforce to tomorrow’s.

2026年7月开始实施的联邦学生贷款政策变化,将大幅限制“专业”教育的融资渠道。医学生将面临每年5万美元的贷款上限,尽管公立院校医学教育的平均费用超过28.6万美元,私立院校更接近39万美元。护理学生将面临更严格的每年2.05万美元借款上限,为进入国家最重要的职业之一增设了额外障碍。

Changes to federal student lending that began in July 2026 will dramatically restrict access to financing for “professional” education. Medical students will face annual loan caps of $50,000, despite the fact that medical education costs exceed $286,000 at public institutions, on average, and approach $390,000 at private schools. Nursing students will face even tighter annual borrowing limits of $20,500, creating additional barriers to entering one of the nation’s most essential professions.

这些政策有将优秀学生彻底推离医学、护理及其他卫生专业的风险。它们将劝阻学生从事初级保健职业,并掏空社区最需要的专业领域。

These policies risk pushing brilliant students away from medicine, nursing, and other health professions altogether. They will discourage careers in primary care and hollow out the very specialties communities need most.

当我们限制谁有能力成为医生或护士时,最终限制的就是谁能得到照护。

And when we restrict who can afford to become a doctor or nurse, we ultimately restrict who gets cared for.

一个反映广泛社会经济背景和生活经历的医疗卫生队伍,更能理解患者、建立信任并改善结果。

A health care workforce that reflects a broad range of socioeconomic backgrounds and lived experiences is better equipped to understand patients, build trust, and improve outcomes.

这一时刻呼吁集体行动:我们必须重新构想进入医疗卫生职业的路径,正面应对医生职业倦怠,并缩小削弱我们体系的健康与财富鸿沟。我们必须防止经济障碍决定谁有机会成为医疗卫生领袖。

This moment demands collective action: We must reimagine pathways into health care careers, confront physician burnout head-on, and close the health and wealth gaps that weaken our system. We must prevent financial barriers from determining who has the opportunity to become a health care leader.

最重要的是,我们必须确保下一代医疗卫生专业人员获得完成培训并回馈最需要他们的社区所必需的资金、职业和社区支持。

And most importantly, we must ensure that the next generation of health care professionals receives the financial, professional, and community support necessary to complete training and return to serve the communities that need them most.