洛杉矶 选民下个月可能创造历史，让美国最大的两座城市拥有共同点：南亚裔移民民主社会主义市长。
LOS ANGELES Voters could make history next month by giving the two largest U.S. cities something in common: South Asian immigrant democratic socialist mayors.
为何重要：这种组合将体现重塑美国城市的两大力量——日益增长的多元化以及民主党意识形态边界的转移。
Why it matters: Such a pairing would capture two forces reshaping urban America — its growing diversity and the Democratic Party's shifting ideological boundaries.
- 美国最大城市纽约，已由民主社会主义市长马姆达尼（Zohran Mamdani）领导。
• New York, the nation's largest city, is already led by democratic socialist Mayor Zohran Mamdani.
- 洛杉矶的挑战者是拉曼（Nithya Raman），这位印度裔城市规划师、两届市议员将于11月3日试图击败民主党籍市长巴斯（Karen Bass）。
• The challenger in Los Angeles is Nithya Raman, an Indian-born urban planner and two-term City Council member who is trying to unseat Democratic Mayor Karen Bass on Nov. 3.
- 巴斯于2022年当选，是洛杉矶历史上首位女市长。
• Bass, elected in 2022, is the first woman to serve as mayor of Los Angeles.
局势分析：拉曼于2020年成为首位当选洛杉矶市议会的亚裔美国女性，也是首位当选的南亚裔议员。
State of play: Raman became the first Asian American woman and first South Asian elected to the L.A. City Council in 2020.
- 哈佛和麻省理工学院毕业生，在从事无家可归者救助和社区组织工作后投身政坛。
• A Harvard and MIT graduate, she entered politics after working on homelessness and neighborhood organizing.
- 9月伯克利IGS/《洛杉矶时报》民调显示，在可能投票者中，拉曼获39%支持，巴斯28%，33%未决定。
• A September Berkeley IGS/L.A. Times poll found Raman at 39% among likely voters, Bass at 28% and 33% undecided.
看点：伯克利民调显示，在30岁以下可能投票者中，拉曼以66%对4%大幅领先巴斯，而56%受访者对巴斯应对帕利塞兹大火的表现评价为差或极差。
The intrigue: The Berkeley poll had Raman ahead 66%-4% among likely voters under 30, while 56% rated Bass' response to the Palisades Fire poor or very poor.
- 在可能投票的拉丁裔选民中差距更大：拉曼以45%对21%领先，34%未决定。
• It also found an even wider gap among likely Latino voters: Raman led Bass 45%-21%, with 34% undecided.
当事人说法："想到这一点我有点动情，"拉曼周三在Visionarios活动中接受Axios和Noticias Telemundo采访时表示，谈及若她和马姆达尼分别领导美国最大的两座城市意味着什么。
What they're saying: "I'm getting a little emotional thinking about it," Raman told Axios and Noticias Telemundo on Wednesday at Visionarios when asked what it would mean if she and Mamdani led the country's two largest cities.
- 拉曼童年移民美国，表示家人来美寻找在印度无法获得的机会。
• Raman, who immigrated to the U.S. as a child, said her family came to America seeking opportunities they didn't have in India.
- 她将家人受到的欢迎与特朗普政府时期移民面临的更严酷处境形成对比。
• She contrasted the welcome her family received with what she sees as a harsher moment for immigrants today under the Trump administration.
- "这座城市接纳一名移民作为市长……在这个时刻对我而言意义深远。"
• "The idea of this city welcoming an immigrant as its mayor ... is just so deeply moving to me at this moment."
另一方观点：贝斯党的战略家朱莉·查韦斯·罗德里格斯在接受Axios和Noticias Telemundo采访时指出，选民们最关心的问题包括房租、经济适用房、公共安全，以及他们是否能够在洛杉矶安定地生活、抚养家庭。
The other side: Bass strategist Julie Chavez Rodriguez told Axios and Noticias Telemundo that voters are talking about rent, affordable housing, public safety and whether they can afford to raise families in Los Angeles.
- 罗德里格斯称赞贝斯党推动了近7.7万套经济适用房的建设；这一数字也被市长办公室用来说明该党在住房政策方面的成果。
• Rodriguez credited Bass with accelerating nearly 47,000 affordable housing units, a figure also cited by the mayor's office for units in the city's pipeline.
- 她还为贝斯党应对联邦移民执法行动的方式进行了辩护，指出该党曾通过法律诉讼以及限制使用市政资源来协助移民执法的行为。
• She also defended Bass' response to federal immigration raids, pointing to lawsuits and restrictions on using city property to assist immigration enforcement.
深入分析：拉曼所倡导的“民主社会主义”理念，其实比传统的“市政社会主义”理念更具保守性（即不那么激进）。
Zoom in: Raman's version of democratic socialism sounds less revolutionary than municipal.
她告诉Axios，美国人正在反抗那些他们认为偏袒富人和有政治背景的人的既得利益集团。
• She told Axios that Americans are pushing back against an establishment they believe favors wealthy and politically connected interests.
她的主张是：让市政府提供基本公共服务，并证明政府能够为普通民众服务。
• Her alternative: make City Hall deliver basic services and prove government can work for ordinary people.
拉曼将这种理念称为“‘下水道社会主义’”或“‘坑洼政治’”，并补充说：“我只希望政府能为人民服务。”
• Raman called it "sewer socialism" or "pothole politics," adding: "I just want government to work for the people."
马姆达尼在纽约也采取了类似的意识形态立场——他在就职时宣称自己是一名民主社会主义者，并承诺将以这种方式执政。
Mamdani has made a similar ideological bet in New York, declaring at his inauguration that he was elected as a democratic socialist and would govern as one. Yes, but:
不过……拉曼并不只是马姆达尼在西海岸的翻版：她自称为独立派政治家，曾多次与“美国民主社会主义者组织（Democratic Socialists of America-LA）”产生分歧；她接受了某个亲以色列团体的支持，因此遭到该组织的谴责。
Raman isn't simply the West Coast version of Mamdani. • She calls herself an independent leader and has repeatedly split with Democratic Socialists of America-LA — accepting a pro-Israel group's endorsement that earned her a DSA censure.
此外，她还在该组织反对的情况下支持吉姆·麦克唐奈（Jim McDonnell）担任洛杉矶警察局局长，并试图修改洛杉矶选民通过的豪宅税政策（这项政策遭到住房活动人士的反对）。
• She also backed Jim McDonnell for LAPD chief over the group's objections and sought changes to L.A.'s voter-approved mansion tax that housing activists opposed.