人工智能正在成为世界上前所未有的最大怨情制造机。经济革命之后，总是伴随着受损害者的强烈反弹。
Artificial intelligence is on its way to becoming the greatest grievance-producing machine the world has seen. Economic revolutions have always been followed by powerful backlashes on the part of the aggrieved.
在19世纪10年代的英国，卢德分子砸毁了夺走他们工作的动力织布机；在美国，内战后的民粹主义者对重塑他们生活的巨头公司怒不可遏。除非处理得当，人工智能转型将引发我们前所未见的大规模反抗。经济革命产生怨情主要有三个原因。
In Britain, Luddites smashed the power looms that took their jobs in the 1810s and, in the U.S., populists raged against the giant companies that reordered their lives after the Civil War. Unless properly handled, the AI transformation will produce rebellions on a scale we have never seen before. Economic revolutions produce grievances for three main reasons.
它们打乱了既有的做事方式，让少数人变得极其富有，并剥夺了工人和公民的自主感。
They disrupt established ways of doing things, make a small number of people exceedingly rich and deprive workers and citizens of a sense of agency.
怨恨可能在不知不觉中闷烧，但随后会以民粹主义运动、疯狂阴谋和针对机器或人的暴力袭击的形式突然爆发。
Resentment can smolder unnoticed, but then suddenly catch fire in the form of populist movements, wild conspiracies and violent assaults on machines or people.
1811年至1817年间，卢德分子砸毁了1000多台机器，英国政府部署了多达14000名士兵来镇压他们。
Luddites smashed more than a thousand machines between 1811 and 1817 and the British government deployed as many as 14,000 troops to crush them.
美国民粹主义者将洛克菲勒和卡内基之流妖魔化为“强盗大亨”，并发动暴力罢工。
U.S. populists demonized the likes of Rockefeller and Carnegie as “robber barons” and engaged in violent strikes.
英国织工不仅抱怨他们的技能被贬值，还抱怨他们失去了对自己生活的控制。美国人认为他们落入了冷酷无情的公司手中。
English weavers complained not only that their skills were being devalued but that they were losing control of their own lives. Americans believed they’d fallen into the hands of inhuman corporations.