托马斯·布莱克 埃隆·马斯克周四再次上演了令人瞠目的闹剧,他警告达美航空公司首席执行官埃德·巴斯蒂安,如果达美选择亚马逊的“Leo”而非SpaceX的“星链”来提供机上互联网服务,巴斯蒂安将会丢掉工作。
Musk added to his annals of antics on Thursday, warning Delta Air Lines Inc. Chief Executive Officer Ed Bastian that he will lose his job for choosing Amazon Leo to provide aircraft internet over SpaceX’s Starlink.
马斯克对巴斯蒂安的批评并不显得过分,毕竟巴斯蒂安因执掌美国最盈利的航空公司而颇感自豪。作为SpaceX和特斯拉公司首席执行官的马斯克,曾向Meta Platforms Inc.的马克·扎克伯格发起笼斗挑战,并用“骗子萨姆”和“诈骗阿尔特曼”等绰号猛烈抨击OpenAI的萨姆·奥特曼。
Musk’s criticism of Bastian, who has bragging rights for leading the most profitable US airline, isn’t notable for being outrageous. The chief executive officer of SpaceX and Tesla Inc. has challenged Meta Platforms Inc.’s Mark Zuckerberg to a cage fight and pilloried OpenAI’s Sam Altman with nicknames such as Swindly Sam and Scam Altman.
在航空业,激烈的言辞也并非罕见。瑞安航空控股有限公司那位作风张扬的首席执行官迈克尔·奥莱里,上个月因将欧洲竞争对手称为“强奸犯”(指责其高票价)而被迫道歉;美国联合航空控股有限公司首席执行官斯科特·柯比也常常对美国航空集团进行暗讽,他曾在美国航空错失最高职位。
Nor is harsh language unusual for the airline industry. Michael O’Leary, the boisterous CEO of Ryanair Holdings Plc, was forced to apologize last month for labeling his European competitors “rapists” for high airfares, and United Airlines Holdings Inc. CEO Scott Kirby often takes sly jabs at American Airlines Group Inc., where he was passed over for the top job.
马斯克的言论之所以格外引人注目,是因为他的公司正在提供这项服务,却试图公开羞辱一个他本应争取的潜在客户。这种霸凌式的销售手段,对于正规企业而言,早该被扫进历史的垃圾堆。
Musk’s remarks popped off the screen because his company supplies a service, and yet, he’s attempting to publicly shame a potential customer that he’s supposedly courting. This is a bully sales tactic, which belongs in the dustbin of history for legitimate businesses.
不过,马斯克确实有他的道理:星链已经为飞机提供高速互联网服务,并签约了达美的多家竞争对手,包括美国联合航空和西南航空公司。作为SpaceX旗下的业务,星链目前拥有飞机上可用的最高速度互联网。相比之下,亚马逊的“Leo”卫星互联网产品尚未经过验证,要到2028年才能向达美提供服务,且在成本结构上处于劣势。这使得达美在当下为客户提供最佳机上互联网服务方面处于被动地位。
Still, Musk has a point: Starlink already offers high-speed internet on aircraft and has signed up several of Delta’s competitors, including United and Southwest Airlines Co. Starlink, a unit of Space Exploration Technologies Corp. or SpaceX, now boasts the highest speed internet available for aircraft. Amazon Leo, in contrast, has an unproven satellite internet product that won’t be available to Delta until 2028 and is at a structural cost disadvantage to Starlink. That puts the airline on the backfoot when it comes to offering customers the best onboard internet service now.
SpaceX已建立了一个由超过11,000颗低轨道卫星组成的前所未有的网络。它为Starlink提供了最低的发射成本,在部署了26颗新一代卫星的大型星际飞船火箭首次轨道飞行后,这些成本即将进一步下降。
SpaceX has built an unprecedented network of more than 11,000 satellites in low orbit. It provides Starlink with the lowest launch costs, and those costs are about to drop even further after the first orbital flight of the massive Starship rocket, which deployed 26 new generation satellites.
亚马逊Leo,Amazon.com Inc.创建于2019年,在低地轨道上拥有约400颗卫星。该公司将难以迅速扩展这一网络,因为它依赖第三方发射将卫星送入轨道,而且成本比Starlink高得多。这种情况将持续到杰夫·贝佐斯的航天公司蓝色起源开始频繁发射并定期回收第一级助推器以供重复使用。即便如此,Blue Origin的New Glenn火箭仍将落后于Starship,该火箭旨在重复使用两个火箭级,并有能力将更多体积送入太空。
Amazon Leo, which Amazon.com Inc. created in 2019, has about 400 satellites in Low Earth orbit. The company will struggle to expand this network rapidly because it depends on third-party launches to put satellites into orbit and at a much higher cost than Starlink. This will be the case until Blue Origin, Jeff Bezos’s space company, begins to launch frequently and routinely retrieves the first-stage booster for reuse. Even then, Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket will be behind Starship, which is designed to reuse both rocket stages and has the capacity to carry much more volume into space.
达美航空和亚马逊于3月份达成协议,从2028年开始为500架飞机提供互联网服务。此前,亚马逊宣布已与捷蓝航空公司签约,成为其首批客户之一。它提供了其系统预览,以选择潜在客户来宣传“新型千兆速Ultra天线”以提供超高速互联网。
Delta and Amazon reached an agreement in March for internet service, beginning in 2028, on 500 aircraft. That followed Amazon’s announcement that it had signed JetBlue Airways Corp. as one of its first customers. It offered previews of its system to select potential customers to tout a “new gigabit-speed Ultra antenna” to provide super-fast internet.
达美航空和巴斯蒂安面临的风险是,在两年内,该公司必须向其最好的SkyMiles客户解释为什么其飞机上当前的互联网服务由Viasat Inc.提供。和EchoStar Corp.'休斯单位的速度比竞争对手慢。前提是Amazon Leo一切按计划进行。
The risk for Delta and Bastian is that for two years the company will have to explain to its best SkyMiles customers why the current internet service on its planes, provided by Viasat Inc. and EchoStar Corp.’s Hughes unit, is slower than competitors. And that’s if everything goes as planned with Amazon Leo.
达美航空目前声称是领先的优质服务航空公司,紧随其后的是联合航空,后者已经提供Starlink互联网。美国航空公司在整顿其网络以吸引更多商务舱客户方面落后。它于2027年初签署了一项协议,启动Starlink服务。西南航空正在为其机舱推出优质座椅和产品,包括6月份开始在其飞机上推出的Starlink互联网。
Delta currently claims to be the leading premium-service airline followed closely by United, which already offers Starlink internet. American Airlines has lagged on sprucing up its network to capture more business class customers. It signed a deal to start Starlink service in early 2027. Southwest is introducing premium seating and products to its cabin, including Starlink internet that began rolling out on its planes in June.
达美航空面临的这一危险因星链(Starlink)为“移动上网”品牌所做的广泛宣传而进一步加剧,其营销思路类似于英特尔“Intel Inside”在电脑领域所起的作用。这种策略合乎逻辑,因为达美航空的客户可以将星链作为其服务的卖点。事实上,达美航空正通过一场营销活动,宣传其借助星链提供的更快网速。
This danger for Delta is heightened by all the advertising Starlink is doing to create brand awareness for internet on the move, along the lines of what “Intel inside” did for computers. This makes sense because its customers can use Starlink as a selling point for their services. United is doing just that with a marketing campaign boasting faster internet with Starlink.
巴斯蒂安(Bastian)理应清楚其中的风险。他已为自己的决定进行辩护,称亚马逊机上互联网服务的价格低于星链,且达美航空预计还将提供亚马逊的其他服务,如流媒体、电子游戏和购物。亚马逊必定在测试运行中表现出色,巴斯蒂安才会承诺投入高昂成本并耗费大量时间,将达美航空的飞机改装为搭载新的互联网设备。
Bastian had to be well aware of the risks. He has defended his decision, saying the price for Amazon’s onboard internet service is lower than Starlink’s, and Delta expects to offer other Amazon services such as streaming, video games and shopping. Amazon must have aced its test run for Bastian to have committed to the costly and time-consuming task of putting new internet equipment on Delta planes.
如果亚马逊Leo在连接性和速度方面达到预期,达美航空便能以低于竞争对手的成本提供更优质的互联网服务,其回报可能十分可观。巴斯蒂安肯定需要继续为他的决定辩护,因为马斯克不太可能停止批评。
The payoff could be large if Amazon Leo meets expectations on connectivity and speed, allowing Delta to offer better internet at a lower cost than competitors. Bastian will certainly need to continue defending his decision, because Musk is unlikely to let up on the criticism.
亚马逊Leo能否与星链竞争?所有市场参与者都乐见其成。否则,星链和马斯克将在高速卫星互联网服务领域形成近乎垄断的局面。缺乏竞争,星链将更容易通过提高价格来攫取其已建立起来的全部价值。
Will Amazon Leo be able to compete with Starlink? It’s in the best interest of all market players that it is. Starlink and Musk will otherwise have a near monopoly on fast, satellite internet service. Without competition, Starlink will more easily harvest all that it’s built through higher prices.
这一切都回到了马斯克那句相对温和的言论(以他的标准而言)为何引发如此广泛关注的原因。归根结底,这是一家公司利用其市场力量,胁迫客户在竞争对手起步之前将其扼杀。竞争是资本主义的核心,这一经济体系创造了巨额财富,并使数亿人摆脱贫困。我们的社会和政府体制也倾向于鼓励我们为弱者、为“霍雷肖·阿尔杰式”的奋斗者加油助威。
This all gets back to the reason Musk’s relatively innocuous statement (by his standards) attracted so much attention. It boils down to a company using its market power to bully customers into helping snuff out a competitor before it gets started. Competition is at the heart of capitalism, the economic system that has created enormous wealth and lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. Our society and system of government also tend to urge us to cheer for the underdog, the Horatio Alger.
亚马逊Leo是明显的失败者,该公司肩负着与历史上最具破坏性的太空公司较量的艰巨任务。巴斯蒂安支持失败者。希望这不会让他丢掉工作。
The clear underdog here is Amazon Leo, which has the daunting task of taking on the most disruptive space company in history. Bastian is rooting for the underdog. Let’s hope it doesn’t cost him his job.