意大利希勒纽约--根据美国笔会的一项新研究，过去一年公立学校发生了近12，000起禁令，这是自该言论自由组织五年前开始追踪驱逐事件以来的最高总数。斯蒂芬·金连续第二年成为最有可能被撤回作品的作家。
HILLEL ITALIE NEW YORK — Nearly 12,000 bans took place in public schools over the past year, according to a new study from PEN America , the highest total since the free expression organization began tracking removals five years ago. For the second straight year, Stephen King was the author most likely to have his work withdrawn.
许多禁令发生在佛罗里达州和德克萨斯州，那里已经通过了限制性法律，政客和保守派活动人士都在推动取消禁令。笔会还发现，学区管理人员越来越依赖人工智能来确定哪些书应该被撤下。
Many of the bans took place in Florida and Texas, where restrictive laws have been passed and both politicians and conservative activists have pushed for removals. PEN has also found that school district administrators rely increasingly on AI to determine which books should be pulled.
种族、种族主义、性取向和性别认同等主题仍然是书籍受到挑战的最常见原因。
Themes of race, racism, sexuality and gender identity remain the most common reasons books are challenged.
笔会报告称：“学校图书馆提供知识和想法，确保所有人都能获得书籍，无论个人或政治意识形态如何，并向读者开放故事的门户，这些故事向读者提供信息、挑战和反映世界现实。”该报告的部分内容是“在美国被禁止”。“图书禁令阻碍了阅读自由，减少了学生接触他们应该接触的多样观点、声音、观点和文学的机会。”
“School libraries make knowledge and ideas available, ensure books remain available for all regardless of personal or political ideologies, and open gateways to stories that inform, challenge, and reflect the realities of the world back to readers,” the PEN report, titled “Banned in the USA,” reads in part. “Book bans impede the freedom to read, cutting students’ access to a diversity of views, voices, perspectives, and literature they deserve to encounter.”
笔会总共发现了11，982起禁令案件，影响了7，370件作品。超过4,500部首次上榜，从19世纪的经典作品《简·爱》到石田穗的《东京食尸鬼》漫画系列。星期一的报告是在“禁书周”期间发布的，在此期间，全国各地的学校、图书馆和其他地方的活动引起了人们对审查工作的关注。
In all, PEN found 11,982 cases of bans, affecting 7,370 individual works. Over 4,500 were on the list for the first time, ranging from the 19th century classic “Jane Eyre” to Sui Ishida’s “Tokyo Ghoul” manga series. Monday’s report arrives during “Banned Books Week,” during which events at schools and libraries and other locations nationwide call attention to censorship efforts.
金的书被下架312次，其中《闪灵》和《绿里》也在其中。与此同时，被禁次数最多的个人书名是帕特里克·麦考密克（Patrick McCormick）的小说《出售》，讲述了一名在印度被卖为性奴隶的女孩的故事，笔会发现该书有25部被删除。其他常见的书籍包括玛格丽特·阿特伍德的反乌托邦《使女的故事》;劳里·哈尔斯·安德森的获奖小说《说话》，讲述了一个青少年在被强奸后陷入沉默的故事;以及艾伦·霍普金斯的关于毒瘾的小说《曲柄》。
King’s books were pulled 312 times, with “The Shining” and “The Green Mile” among those impacted. Meanwhile, the most banned individual title was Patrick McCormick’s novel about a girl sold into sexual slavery in India, “Sold,” for which PEN found 25 removals. Other books commonly targeted include Margaret Atwood’s dystopian “The Handmaid’s Tale”; Laurie Halse Anderson’s “Speak,” her prize-winning novel about a teenager who falls silent after being raped; and Ellen Hopkins’ novel about drug addiction, “Crank.”
美国笔会和美国图书馆协会均报告称，自2020年代初以来，禁令数量出现了历史性激增，尽管他们的方法有所不同。笔会把即使是短时间内被删除的书籍也算作禁令，而ALA只包括被永久删除的书籍。根据图书馆协会4月份发表的最新报告，去年发生了大约5,600起禁令。
PEN America and the American Library Association have both reported historic surges in bans since the early 2020s, although their methodologies differ. PEN counts books removed even for a short time as a ban, while the ALA only includes books that have been permanently pulled. According to the library association’s most recent report , published in April, some 5,600 instances of bans took place during the previous year.