国际货币基金组织（IMF）警告称，企业所得税政策通过利润转移、投资重新配置和知识转移产生跨国溢出效应。
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) warned that corporate income tax policies generate cross-border spillovers through profit shifting, investment reallocation and knowledge transfers.
IMF为其2026年10月《世界经济展望》发布了题为《无形却真实：企业所得税的溢出效应》的章节，指出税收竞争仍然是全球经济的一个决定性特征，其性质随时间而变化。
The IMF released a chapter titled "Intangible Yet Real: Spillovers from Corporate Income Taxation" for its October 2026 World Economic Outlook, stating that tax competition remained a defining feature of the global economy while its nature changed over time.
作者指出，生产的全球化、跨国公司的崛起以及无形资产日益重要的地位，改变了企业所得税的格局。
Authors noted that the globalization of production, the rise of multinational corporations and the growing importance of intangible assets transformed the landscape of corporate income taxation.
该机构强调，跨国公司占全球国内生产总值的20%以上，约占全球企业利润的15%。
The institution highlighted that multinational corporations accounted for more than 20% of global gross domestic product and approximately 15% of global corporate profits.
研究表明，由于跨国公司在不同国家间重新配置利润和投资以尽量减少纳税义务，企业所得税的差异产生了跨国溢出效应。
The study showed that differences in corporate income taxation generated cross-border spillovers as multinational corporations relocated profits and investments across countries to minimize tax liabilities.
报告警告称，举债筹资的减税措施推高了全球利率，并对海外投资产生了挤出效应。
The report warned that debt-financed tax cuts increased global interest rates and crowded out investment abroad.
研究人员强调，更强有力的反避税框架在保护税收收入的同时，支持了经济产出。
Researchers emphasized that stronger anti-avoidance frameworks supported economic output while protecting tax revenues.
该组织补充称，一国企业所得税率相对于其他国家税率每提高一个百分点，就会导致外国直接投资内资在三年内累计下降约占国内生产总值的0.5%。
The organization added that a one percentage point increase in a country's corporate income tax rate relative to rates elsewhere caused a cumulative decline in foreign direct investment inflows of about 0.5% of gross domestic product over three years.