最新研究显示，美国资金削减导致为乌干达和津巴布韦一些最容易感染该病毒的人群提供服务的组织的艾滋病毒预防、检测和治疗服务急剧而持久地下降。
US funding cuts caused sharp and lasting declines in HIV prevention, testing and treatment services at organizations serving some of the people most vulnerable to the virus in Uganda and Zimbabwe, according to new research.
四个非政府组织的艾滋病毒预防服务比2024年的水平下降了约三分之一至近三分之二。伦敦经济学院和杜克大学研究人员在《柳叶刀全球健康》上发表的一项研究显示，有助于预防艾滋病毒感染的接触前预防措施（PrEP）的使用量下降了72%。测试下降高达64%。
HIV prevention services at four nongovernmental organizations fell by about one-third to almost two-thirds from 2024 levels. Use of pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, which helps prevent HIV infection, dropped by as much as 72%, according to the study by researchers at the London School of Economics and Duke University published in The Lancet Global Health. Testing fell by as much as 64%.
在美国于2025年1月冻结对外援助后发布了停工令，扰乱了总统艾滋病紧急救援计划（PEPFAR）和美国国际开发署支持的项目。
The declines followed stop-work orders issued after the US froze foreign aid in January 2025, disrupting programs supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or PEPFAR, and the US Agency for International Development.
这些发现进一步证明了艾滋病毒预防方面的更广泛挫折。上个月发布的全球基金数据显示，在其投资的国家，接受PrEP的人数在2025年下降了21%，尽管接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的人数继续增加。
The findings reinforce evidence of a broader setback in HIV prevention. Global Fund data published last month showed the number of people receiving PrEP in countries where it invests fell 21% in 2025, even as the number receiving antiretroviral treatment continued to rise.
在乌干达和津巴布韦研究的组织的治疗也受到打击，尽管美国的人道主义豁免旨在保留救生服务。抗逆转录病毒治疗下降了22%至32%，研究人员发现豁免减轻了影响，但未能阻止大幅下降。
Treatment at the organizations studied in Uganda and Zimbabwe was also hit despite a US humanitarian waiver intended to preserve lifesaving services. Antiretroviral therapy dropped 22% to 32%, with the researchers finding that the waiver softened the impact, but failed to prevent a substantial decline.
“本应维持救命治疗的安全网未能发挥作用，”首席研究员亨利·卡斯特说。“历经数十年建立的服务和社区信任一夜之间被拆解。” 研究结果不代表乌干达和津巴布韦全国范围内的下降趋势。受研究的组织其美国资金被终止或大幅削减，且主要专注于所谓的关键人群——即感染艾滋病毒风险特别高、且往往得不到主流卫生系统良好服务的群体，包括性工作者、男男性行为者、跨性别者、囚犯和注射毒品者。
“The safety net that was supposed to preserve life-saving treatment did not hold,” lead researcher Henry Cust said. “The services and community trust that took decades to build were dismantled overnight.”The findings aren’t representative of national declines in Uganda and Zimbabwe. The organizations studied had their US funding terminated or sharply cut and focused primarily on so-called key populations — groups at particularly high risk of acquiring HIV and often poorly served by mainstream health systems, including sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender people, prisoners and people who inject drugs.
国务院对研究结果提出异议，称其未核实该报告，但认为其方法论存在缺陷。国务院在通过电子邮件回复问题时表示，特朗普政府正将美国全球卫生项目的重点从资助的服务数量转向成果，例如减少新增感染和增加各国对自身卫生系统的责任。
The State Department disputed the findings, saying it hadn’t verified the report, but considered its methodology flawed. The Trump administration is shifting the focus of US global health programs from the number of services funded to outcomes such as reducing new infections and increasing countries’ responsibility for their own health systems, the department said in an emailed response to questions.
国务院称，截至2025年9月，美国支持的艾滋病毒治疗已覆盖2060万人，大体与往年持平。它还引用了35项双边卫生协议，提供146亿美元美国援助，加上受援国101亿美元投资，作为其持续致力于全球卫生的证据。研究人员分析了2023年1月至2026年3月的服务数据。
The department said US-supported HIV treatment reached 20.6 million people as of September 2025, broadly in line with previous years. It also cited 35 bilateral health agreements providing $14.6 billion in US assistance alongside $10.1 billion in recipient-country investment as evidence of its continued commitment to global health. The researchers analyzed service data from January 2023 through March 2026.