上个月，我曾撰文介绍美国国土安全部监察长办公室的一份报告。该报告揭露了“短吻鳄阿尔卡特拉斯”移民拘留中心内令人震惊的恶劣状况。这座拘留中心于去年夏天在大沼泽地地区启用，最多可关押1500名移民。报告指出，其中最严重的违规行为便是将金属笼子用作所谓的“镇静区”来关押被拘留者。正如美国公民自由联盟国家监狱项目副主任科琳·肯德里克当时对我所说，这份报告“再次印证了‘短吻鳄阿尔卡特拉斯’的残忍本质”。
Last month, I wrote about a DHS Office of Inspector General report that revealed alarming conditions inside Alligator Alcatraz, an immigrant detention center opened last summer in the Everglades that held up to 1,500 people. Among the worst violations was the use of metal cages as “calming areas” where detainees were often held, the report stated As Corene Kendrick, deputy director at the ACLU’s National Prison Project, told me then, the report “reaffirms the cruelty of Alligator Alcatraz.”
如今，“短吻鳄阿尔卡特拉斯”已关闭。不过在这份国土安全部报告中还暗藏着一个警示信息：佛罗里达州另一家由州政府运营的移民拘留中心也可能存在类似恶劣状况，那就是位于该州北部的贝克惩教所。佛罗里达州州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯将其戏称为“驱逐站”。监察人员指出了报告中提及的种种隐患，并得出结论称：“美国移民及海关执法局对移民拘留工作的监管力度与责任履行情况仍令人担忧……目前贝克惩教所尚未接受过移民及海关执法局拘留监管办公室的内部检查，2026财年和2027财年也并未安排相关检查计划。”
Alligator Alcatraz is now closed. But buried deep within the DHS report was a warning about possible similar conditions at the other state-operated immigrant detention center in Florida: the Baker Correctional Institution in northern Florida, nicknamed by Gov. Ron DeSantis as “Deportation Depot.”The inspectors pointed to the concerns raised in the report, and concluded “ICE’s level of oversight and responsibility for immigration detention remain consequential… Baker has not been internally inspected by ICE’s Office of Detention Oversight, nor was it scheduled for inspection in FY 2026 or FY 2027.”
数月来，“短吻鳄阿尔卡特拉斯”一直备受公众关注，这也不难理解。其名称本身颇具话题性，甚至成了“MAGA”群体中流传的笑料。而该中心的实景画面同样极具争议性：被拘留者们居住在大沼泽地中一处鲜有人使用的机场上，被围在围栏内、住在白色大帐篷里。特朗普、佛罗里达州州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯以及时任国土安全部部长克里斯蒂·诺姆都曾到访此地。由于该中心距离迈阿密很近，而迈阿密本就是移民聚居地，因此许多亲人被关押在那里的家庭都能前往中心入口外参加集会并发声。
For months, Alligator Alcatraz captured the public’s attention, and it’s easy to understand why. Its name, a punchline for jokes within MAGA circles was unusual. And its optics—with detainees living in fenced areas within large white tents on a little-used airfield in the middle of the Everglades—were vivid and controversial including a visit by Trump, Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis and then- DHS secretary Kristi Noem. Because of its proximity to Miami, a melting pot of immigrants, families whose loved ones were detained there could attend and speak out at vigils outside the center’s entrance.
然而，就在佛罗里达州官员开放大沼泽地拘留中心后不久，他们也开始在贝克惩教所开展运作。该设施原本是一座州立监狱，于2021年关闭，如今地处偏僻，四周被森林环绕。它坐落于一条双车道公路旁，距离最近的大城市杰克逊维尔也有近50英里之遥。截至上个月，约有1000名被拘留者居住在那里；其中有些年事已高，有些是符合DACA资格的法律移民，还有许多人正在申请庇护。
But shortly after Florida officials opened the Everglades center, they also began operations at the Baker Correctional Institution. Originally a state prison that closed in 2021, the facility is remote and surrounded by forest land. It’s located on a two-lane highway and Jacksonville, which is the closest metro area, is nearly 50 miles away. As of last month, approximately 1,000 detainees were living there; some are elderly, others are legal DACA recipients, and many have pending asylum claims.
这些被拘留者来自古巴、委内瑞拉、洪都拉斯、危地马拉和俄罗斯等国。随着“短吻鳄阿尔卡特拉斯”拘留中心关闭，被拘留者及其家属，还有各人权组织都在对贝克惩教所内的恶劣条件表示担忧。
They are from countries such as Cuba, Venezuela, Honduras, Guatemala, and Russia. With the closure of Alligator Alcatraz, those who have been detained and their families, not to mention human rights organizations, are sounding bells about conditions inside the center.
每个月，由佛罗里达州东北部不同基督教教派的信徒组成的“米迦团结项目”成员都会聚集在美国90号公路旁、该设施附近。这些集会有时能吸引来自佛罗里达州各地的近百人参与，包括盖恩斯维尔、杰克逊维尔、塔拉哈西和坦帕等地的民众。他们会列队行进至贝克惩教所的牢房区附近，并轮流使用扩音器，希望里面的被拘留者能够听到他们的祈祷声以及用西班牙语演唱的宗教音乐。
Every month, members of the Micah Solidarity Project, a group of Floridians from different Christian denominations advocating for immigrant rights in northeast Florida, gather on the edge of US Highway 90, next to the facility. The gatherings sometimes attract up to 100 people from all over Florida, including Gainesville, Jacksonville, Tallahassee, and Tampa. They hold a procession, walking up to the point where the Baker cell blocks are located. They pass around a speakerphone, hoping that those detained inside can hear their prayers and worship music in Spanish.
组织者之一克拉拉·索尔斯表示，他们的集会也引起了该拘留中心的注意。该中心由GEO集团及其他几家承包商负责运营。今年4月，在一次规模较大的集会中，抗议者们看到有无人机在他们上空飞行，还有几辆警车在附近盘旋。当天下午，他们听到监狱里传来微弱的口哨声。据克拉拉回忆，她的丈夫也跟着吹起了口哨。“突然间，整个监狱里都响起了口哨声和欢呼声，”她对我说，“他们见到其他人类真是兴奋极了。”
Clara Sowers, one of the organizers, said their gatherings have also attracted the attention of the center, which is run by the GEO Group and a few other contractors. At one of their larger gatherings in April, the demonstrators saw drones flying over them, and a few sheriff’s office cars circling nearby. That afternoon, they heard a faint whistle coming from the prison. Clara’s husband, she recalls, whistled back. “All of a sudden, the entire prison erupted in whistles and cheers,” she told me. “They were so excited to see other humans.”
索尔斯是来自杰克逊维尔的古巴裔美国人，最近她与贝克拘留所的八名在押人员取得了联系。她得知至少有两名男子出现了癫痫发作的情况。她亲眼见证了“短吻鳄阿尔卡特拉斯”拘留营如何持续成为新闻焦点——议员、维权人士以及被拘留者家属月复一月地呼吁外界关注，最终促使该拘留营于今年夏天关闭。她在迈阿密长大，认为媒体报道如此频繁的一个重要原因就是该拘留营距离迈阿密很近。
Sowers, a Cuban American from Jacksonville, has recently been in touch with eight Baker detainees. She’s heard of at least two men suffering seizures. She has seen how Alligator Alcatraz had consistently remained in the news as lawmakers, advocates, and detainees’ loved ones called attention to the camp month after month until its closure this summer. She grew up in Miami and thinks a big part of the coverage was the city’s proximity to the Everglades camp.
许多迈阿密家庭的亲人都被送往那里。不过对于贝克拘留所的被拘留者而言，他们的愤怒情绪相对较少，因为该拘留所位于州内偏远地区，周边城市里的移民社群也较少。“由于他们看不到自己的家人被关押、无法出现在餐桌旁，这件事对他们几乎没什么影响，”索尔斯对我说，“即便听到相关消息，在他们听来也像发生在遥远的地方，就像乌克兰或加沙地带一样遥远。”
Many Miami families had loved ones sent there. For detainees at Baker, the level of outrage has been less because it’s in a remote area of the state, with fewer immigrant communities in the surrounding cities. “Because they’re not seeing their family members being detained and missing at the table, they’re just not affected by it,” Sowers told me. “Even when they hear about it, it sounds far away, as far away as Ukraine or the Gaza Strip.”
“由于他们看不到自己的家人被关押、无法出现在餐桌旁，这件事对他们几乎没什么影响。即便听到相关消息，在他们听来也像发生在遥远的地方，就像乌克兰或加沙地带一样遥远。”
“Because they’re not seeing their family members being detained and missing at the table, they’re just not affected by it. Even when they hear about it, it sounds far away, as far away as Ukraine or the Gaza Strip.”
最近几周，我与八个人进行了交谈——包括目前在押的被拘留者、已被驱逐出境或获释的前被拘留者，以及他们的亲友——聊了聊贝克拘留所里的生活状况。
In the last few weeks, I’ve spoken to eight people—including current detainees, former detainees who were either deported or released, as well as their loved ones—about life inside the Baker facility.
他们描述的状况如出一辙：被拘留者称医疗服务存在严重延迟；100名男子被迫挤在仅能容纳50张床铺的狭小宿舍里；食物配给量极少；空调失灵且窗户破损，导致室内酷热难耐。“我们几乎只能穿着内裤生活，”一位目前被关押在贝克拘留中心的委内瑞拉人通过电话对我说，“热得简直无法忍受。”这家非营利法律机构的佛罗里达州律师艾米·戈德肖尔透露，美国公民自由联盟也正在调查此事，并考虑对佛罗里达州及该拘留中心的运营承包商提起诉讼。
They all described the same conditions, including detainees who report delays in medical care, and describe living in cramped dormitories lined with 50 bunk beds for 100 men, small portions of food, and stifling heat due to malfunctioning A/C units and broken windows. “We are practically living in our boxers,” one Venezuelan currently at Baker told me over the phone. “The heat is unbearable.”The ACLU is also investigating and exploring litigation against the state and the contractors running the facility, said Amy Godshall, a Florida-based attorney for the legal nonprofit.
值得注意的是，被拘留者反映他们在寻求法律帮助时遇到了诸多阻碍，这些情况与曾在“短吻鳄阿尔卡特拉斯”拘留中心遭遇的情况类似：与律师通话的预约流程被拖延、狱警拒绝带他们出席法庭听证会，甚至律师寄来的信件也常常丢失。
Notably, detainees have reported many of the same obstacles for obtaining legal access that others faced at Alligator Alcatraz, such as delays in scheduling attorney calls, prison staff failing to take detainees to their court appointments, and mail from their attorneys getting lost.
“这里发生的许多情况与大沼泽地拘留中心如出一辙，”戈德肖尔说道，“那里没有设立售卖食品的商店，因此被拘留者无法购买额外食物，只能靠配给的少量食物勉强维生。”她还指出，家属们也完全没有探视的途径。最终，她总结道：“这座拘留中心的设计目的就是折磨被关押者，迫使他们达到崩溃边缘，从而主动选择遣返回国。”
“A lot of what’s happening here is very similar to what was happening in the Everglades facility,” Godshall said. “They don’t have a commissary set up, so that people can’t buy extra food and are just starving with the insufficient food they’re given.”She added that families had no options for visiting. In the end, she noted, “The facility is designed to torture people and push them to their breaking point so that they will self-deport.”
当我就贝克拘留中心的相关情况向美国移民及海关执法局询问时，其发言人让我联系佛罗里达州政府。然而，州长办公室以及负责运营该拘留中心的佛罗里达州紧急事务管理局均未回应我的置评请求。
When I reached out to ICE with questions about the Baker center, a spokesperson referred me to the state of Florida. Officials from the Governor’s Office and the Florida Division of Emergency Management, which runs Baker, did not respond to my requests for comment.
与我交谈的人中有一位名叫何塞·安德烈斯·乌尔比纳的委内瑞拉人，他于2022年抵达美墨边境寻求政治庇护。在等待案件处理结果期间，乌尔比纳住在佛罗里达州东海岸的圣约翰斯县，从事建筑工作并兼职优步司机。他告诉我，自己持有驾照、工作许可，还按时缴纳联邦税款。2026年5月9日，他当时正把车停在一场摇滚音乐节外，等待潜在乘客，这时一名州公路巡警要求查看他的身份证件。
Among those with whom I spoke was Jose Andres Urbina, a Venezuelan who arrived at the US-Mexico border in 2022 to seek political asylum. As he awaited the decision on his case, Urbina lived in St. John’s County on the east coast of Florida, where he worked in construction and as an Uber driver. He had a driver’s license, a work permit, and paid federal taxes, he told me. On May 9, 2026, he was parked outside a rock music festival, waiting for potential clients, when a state highway trooper asked for his ID.
随后巡警告知他有未处理的移民拘留令，便将其逮捕。“从那时起，折磨与悲剧便开始了，”他用西班牙语对我说。在接下来的几天里，他先后被转送到多个县监狱，直到家人最终找到他的下落。“我简直就是被绑架了，”他说。
He then told him that he had a pending immigration hold and arrested him. “That’s when the torture and the tragedy began,” he told me in Spanish. Over the next several days, he was transferred through several county jails before his family could track him down. “I was basically kidnapped,” he said.
“那座设施就是用来折磨人、把人逼到崩溃边缘，好让他们主动选择被驱逐出境的。”乌尔比纳最终被关进贝克拘留中心，直到9月份主动申请离境才被遣返回委内瑞拉。在那里最让他难以忍受的就是混乱无序的用餐时间。早餐通常只有两勺炒蛋、几片培根、无味的燕麦粥以及水果罐头，供应时间则在凌晨3点到6点之间。
“The facility is designed to torture people and push them to their breaking point so that they will self-deport.”Urbina ended up at Baker, where he remained until requesting voluntary departure and being deported back to Venezuela in September. What most troubled him during his time there was the inconsistent meal times. Breakfast, which often was two spoonfuls of scrambled eggs, some bacon, unflavored oatmeal, and fruit cocktail, was served somewhere between 3 a.m. and 6 a.m.
午餐一般是一份三明治和乐事薯片，晚餐则是三餐中相对丰盛的一顿。有时午餐会在上午11点供应，晚餐则在下午6点。囚犯们常常把剩饭偷偷藏在裤子或袜子里，留到牢房里再吃。由于分量实在太少，乌尔比纳在贝克拘留中心待了四个月后体重骤减了40磅。如今，他和妻子重聚了——他的妻子当时也在佛罗里达州，后来为了陪伴他而选择回到祖国。
Lunch was usually a sandwich and Lays chips, followed by dinner, which tended to be the better meal of the three. Lunch would sometimes be served at 11 a.m., and dinner at 6 p.m. The men would sneak out leftovers in their pants or socks to eat later in their cells. The portions were so small, Urbina lost 40 pounds during his four months at Baker. Now, he is with his wife, who was also in Florida but chose to move back home to be with him.
我也与埃斯特尔进行了交谈，她的男朋友目前被拘留在贝克尔中心。由于她的移民身份问题，我们没有使用她的全名。在过去六个月里的15分钟电话中，她听到了男朋友被拘留的经历细节。他最近长出皮肤上的白斑，却无法得到医疗护理。他告诉她，他在饭前饭后喝大量的水，这样可以更长时间地感觉饱足。许多被拘留者都很紧张，所以他尽量避免与他人接触，并打牌来打发时间。
I also spoke to Esther, whose boyfriend is currently detained at Baker. We’re not using her full name, given her immigration status. In 15-minute phone calls over the last six months, she has heard the details of her boyfriend’s detention experience. He recently developed white patches on his skin and hasn’t been able to get medical care. He tells her he drinks lots of water before and after meals so that he stays full longer. Many detainees are on edge, so he tries to avoid other people and plays solitaire to pass the time.
“有时候，他们几乎没有力气动一下，”埃斯特尔告诉我。ICE官员多次向他提出自愿离境的选项，但他始终拒绝。“他想在这里等待，”埃斯特尔说，“看看会怎么样。”
“Sometimes, they barely have energy to move,” Esther told me. ICE officers have repeatedly offered him the option of voluntary departure, but he has consistently refused. “He wants to wait here,” Esther said, “and see what happens.”
只要贝克尔设施仍然开放，米卡 Solidarity Project（米卡团结项目）就会继续在其大门外聚集。“我们会一直回来，直到我们不再被需要为止。这就是团结，”索尔斯说。“其中一部分是始终到场。另一部分是让他们知道他们并不孤单。”
long as the Baker facility is open, the Micah Solidarity Project will continue to gather outside its walls. “We’re going back until we’re not needed anymore. This is solidarity,” Sowers said. “Part of that is showing up consistently. Part of that is letting them know they’re not alone.”