由安东尼娅·穆法雷奇撰写委内瑞拉人正以数千人之众离开智利，这使得外国人失业率下降，但同时当地居民的失业率达到了五年来的最高点。
Venezuelans are leaving Chile by the thousands, slashing the rate of unemployment among foreigners, even as the jobless rate among locals reaches the highest in five years.
据智利迪亚哥·波塔雷斯大学经浪环境观测站的一份报告显示，过去一年有约5.7万名委内瑞拉人退出劳动力，下降幅度约为8.1%。这使得外国工人失业率下降了1.3个百分点至6.8%，而当地居民失业率在6月至8月期间上升至10%。
About 57,000 Venezuelans left the labor force over the past year, a drop of about 8.1%, according to a report by Universidad de Diego Portales’ Economic Context Observatory. That pushed unemployment among foreign workers down 1.3 percentage points to 6.8%, while the rate among locals rose to 10% in the June-August period.
“数据表明，委内瑞拉人群中的逐步性移民过程已经开始，对劳动市场数据产生了影响，”OCEC-UDP主任胡安·布拉沃在报告中表示。
“The data indicate that a gradual process of emigration among the Venezuelan population has begun, impacting labor market figures,” Juan Bravo, the director of the OCEC-UDP, said in the report.
这一下降趋势出现之际，智利正临近一项将从长远上重塑其劳动力结构的人口拐点。根据智利国家统计局的数据，自2028年起死亡人数预计将超过出生人数，同时65岁及以上人口有望超过15岁以下人口。这一人口结构变化有可能增加劳动力供应等相关问题的重要性，包括迁移的作用，因为人口老龄化。
The decline comes as Chile approaches a demographic turning point that is set to reshape its labor force over the longer term. Deaths are projected to exceed births starting in 2028, the same year the population over 64 is expected to surpass those under 15, according to Chile’s National Statistics Institute. That demographic shift is likely to increase the importance of questions around labor supply, including the role of migration, as the population ages.
报告称，过去一年智利劳动力中委内瑞拉人的下降主要集中在以下人群中：居住智利不足五年的人、已完成高等教育的人、年龄在25至49岁之间且为男性的人。
The drop in Venezuelans in the labor force over the past year is concentrated among people who have lived in Chile for less than five years, have completed higher education, are between 25 and 49 years old and are male, the report said.
过去十年间，智利经历了前所未有的移民潮，其中委内瑞拉人成为该国最大的移民群体。近日，总统何塞·安东尼奥·卡斯特在一次采访中表示，他预计许多居住在智利的数十万委内瑞拉人将在马杜罗下台后条件改善时归国。
Chile experienced an unprecedented immigration surge over the past decade, with Venezuelans becoming the country’s largest migrant community. In a recent interview, President José Antonio Kast said he expects many of the hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans living in Chile to return home as conditions improve there following the removal of Nicolás Maduro.
根据2026年发布、基于2024年人口普查编制的INE最新人口估算，智利的净迁移人数约为10万人，低于2018年的近20万人峰值。
Chile’s net migration was at roughly 100,000 people in 2024, down from a peak near 200,000 in 2018, according to INE’s newest population estimates, released in 2026 and based on the 2024 census.
卡斯特于3月11日就职，承诺将严厉打击非法移民现象，具体措施包括加强遣返力度以及实施更严格的边境管控。
Kast took office on March 11 promising a crackdown on irregular migration, including stepped-up deportations and tighter border controls.