雅加达--在印度尼西亚从事林业相关业务的日本公司正在争先恐后地帮助该国应对因厄尔尼诺天气模式加剧的严重森林火灾。
JAKARTA -- Japanese companies involved in forestry-related business in Indonesia are scrambling to help the country deal with severe forest fires exacerbated by the El Nino weather pattern.
厄尔尼诺现象与旱季的重叠导致苏门答腊岛南部连续两个月降雨稀少，日本贸易公司Marubeni在该岛管理森林。这种情况导致了无数的小火灾。
El Nino's overlap with the dry season has resulted in two months of little rain in southern Sumatra, an island where Japanese trading house Marubeni manages forests. The conditions have led to countless small fires.
丸红在那里拥有29万公顷的森林，其中10万公顷用于种植树木，为其附近的纸浆厂提供饲料。
Marubeni has 290,000 hectares of forest there, with 100,000 hectares used to raise trees that feed its nearby wood pulp plant.
当地弹珠子公司Musi Hutan Ottada的总裁渡边圭（Kei Watanabe）表示：“我们的内部监控和消防系统能够在危险的干燥条件下阻止火灾，这使得火灾很容易蔓延。”
"Our in-house monitoring and firefighting systems have been able to hold off the fires amid the dangerous dry conditions that make it easy for fires to spread," said Kei Watanabe, president director of local Marubeni subsidiary Musi Hutan Persada.
所做的努力包括大约50个瞭望塔，由大约200人的团队全天候配备人员来监测火灾。当发现火灾时，内部消防人员可以在15分钟内做出反应。消防队包括约650名员工和临时工。
Efforts include about 50 watchtowers staffed around the clock by a team of roughly 200 to monitor for fires. In-house firefighting crews can respond in 15 minutes when a fire is detected. The fire brigades include around 650 employees and temporary workers.
这些系统和团队已经到位，但在今年的厄尔尼诺现象之前，已经扩大了员工以及皮卡车和消防车。弹珠的当地子公司设有消防队帮助扑灭森林火灾。
These systems and teams were already in place, but have been expanded with more staff as well as pickup trucks and fire trucks ahead of this year's El Nino. Marubeni's local subsidiary operates fire brigades to help extinguish forest fires.
几乎所有火灾都是由森林周围的定居点引起的，其中一些是非法的，刀耕火种的耕作方式和粗心的吸烟很常见。警方表示，他们无法确认肇事者的身份。
Nearly all of the fires are caused by settlements around the forest, some illegal, where slash-and-burn farming practices and careless cigarette use are common. Police say they have been unable to identify the perpetrators.
渡边说：“如果我们管理的森林地区发生大规模火灾，该公司可能会承担责任。”“我们必须通过监测和消防来保护自己。“今年1月至7月，印度尼西亚婆罗洲和苏门答腊岛的森林大火烧毁了20万公顷土地。
"If a large-scale fire develops in the part of the forest we manage, the company could be held responsible," Watanabe said. "It's essential that we defend ourselves through monitoring and firefighting." Forest fires burned 200,000 hectares on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra in Indonesia from January to July of this year.
许多火灾源于油棕农场使用的刀耕火种做法。广泛的泥炭地，枯死的树木和其他碎片堆积而不分解，导致了此类火灾的蔓延。
Many fires stemmed from slash-and-burn practices used on oil palm farms. Widespread peatlands, where dead trees and other debris accumulate without decomposing, have contributed to the spread of such fires.
印度尼西亚消防队正在控制苏门答腊岛南部一个住宅区附近的野火。
An Indonesian fire control brigade works to control a wildfire near a residential area in southern Sumatra.
当地下水位下降时，泥炭地就会干涸，从而增加火灾风险。这些地区的燃料会导致长期燃烧的火灾，难以迅速扑灭。
Peatlands dry out when groundwater levels fall, increasing fire risks. The fuel in these areas makes for long-burning fires that are difficult to extinguish quickly.
日本住友林业在西加里曼丹省经营着16万公顷的森林，包括泥炭地。该公司使用带有热传感器的摄像头和无人机来监控森林，此外还采用了像弹珠和其他公司一样雇用大量工人和瞭望塔的方法。
Japan's Sumitomo Forestry operates 160,000 hectares of forest, including peatlands, in West Kalimantan province. The company uses cameras with heat sensors and drones to monitor the forest, in addition to an approach employing vast numbers of workers and watchtowers much like Marubeni and others.
住友林业使用与日本工程集团IHI开发的系统来管理泥炭地，在12个地点安装了设备来监测天气数据和泥炭地地下水位，通过云聚集数据。
Sumitomo Forestry uses a system developed with Japanese engineering group IHI to manage peatlands, with devices installed in 12 locations to monitor weather data and peatland groundwater levels, aggregating data through the cloud.
该系统使用IHI的卫星技术从远程位置发送数据。当泥炭地湿度下降时，它会发出警报。IHI和住友林业已经开始通过一家名为Next Forest的合资企业销售这一系统。森林大火产生的烟雾包围了印度尼西亚的坤甸市，限制了能见度。
The system uses IHI's satellite technologies to send data from remote locations. It sends alerts when peatland moisture falls. IHI and Sumitomo Forestry have begun selling this system through a joint venture called Next Forest. Smoke from forest fires surrounds the Indonesian city of Pontianak, limiting visibility.
森林火灾产生的烟雾造成严重的空气污染，对经济活动产生严重影响。9月21日至2013年间，加里曼丹地区有400多个航班因烟雾而被取消或延误14日和9月20.烟雾已到达马来西亚、新加坡和菲律宾等邻国。马来西亚在一些地区发布了警告，新加坡的空气污染在两天内达到了“不健康”的水平。
Smoke from forest fires creates severe air pollution with heavy impacts on economic activity. Over 400 flights in the Kalimantan region were canceled or delayed due to smoke between Sept. 14 and Sept. 20. The smoke has reached neighboring countries including Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines. Malaysia issued warnings in some regions, and Singapore's air pollution hit "unhealthy" levels in some areas over two days.
据印尼智库经济与法律研究中心报道，2026年前8个月，森林火灾造成的经济损失估计高达123万亿印尼盾（68.9亿美元）。
Estimated economic losses due to forest fires reached up to 123 trillion rupiah ($6.89 billion) in the first eight months of 2026, Indonesian think tank Center of Economic and Law Studies reports.
政府正在严厉打击引发森林火灾的公司。总统普拉博沃·苏比安托9月9日表示16对涉嫌故意纵火的企业不会宽大处理。西加里曼丹省受火灾影响的土地。
The government is cracking down on companies that start forest fires. President Prabowo Subianto said on Sept. 16 that no leniency would be shown to businesses suspected of intentionally setting fires. Land affected by fires in West Kalimantan province.
截至9月，印尼已吊销了26家在森林中工作的公司的经营许可证，并正在调查95家涉嫌参与火灾的企业。9月初，在西加里曼丹省首府附近的一个广阔的泥炭地发生了一起火灾，怀疑一家公司参与了火灾。
As of September, Indonesia had revoked operating permits for 26 companies that work in forests, and is investigating 95 businesses suspected of involvement in fires. One fire with suspected involvement of a company started in an expansive peatland during early September in an area adjacent to West Kalimantan's provincial capital.
该地区一家棕榈油农场的经营者说：“目前还不清楚是谁干的，但有可能是有人故意纵火，以开辟泥炭地。”
"It's not clear who did it, but it's possible that fires were set intentionally to open up the peatland," said one palm oil farm operator in the area.
一些公司表示担心，即使他们没有违反法律，也会因为无法控制火灾而受到惩罚。
Some companies have voiced concerns about punishment for being unable to contain fires even when they did not break the law.