东京，10月7日——路透月度调查显示，日本大型制造商10月商业信心升至近五年最高水平，得益于强劲的芯片需求，但非制造业信心因成本上升而大幅恶化。
TOKYO, Oct 7 : Business confidence at big Japanese manufacturers rose in October to its highest level in nearly five years, helped by robust chip demand, but sentiment among non-manufacturers deteriorated sharply amid rising costs, a Reuters monthly poll showed.
路透短观制造业信心指数从9月的正21升至正22，为2021年12月以来最高水平。
The Reuters Tankan sentiment index for manufacturers edged up to plus-22 from plus-21 in September, a level not seen since December 2021.
精密机械行业（包括部分芯片相关设备制造商）的信心跃升9点，至正38。
Confidence in the precision machinery sector, which includes some chip-related equipment makers, jumped nine points to plus-38.
“半导体行业依然活跃，过去四个月订单量一直维持在正常水平的1.5倍，”一家精密机械公司的经理写道。
"The semiconductor industry remains buoyant and order volumes have been running at 1.5 times normal levels for the past four months," a manager at a precision machinery company wrote.
另一家机械公司的受访者提到，面向半导体市场的产品订单和出货强劲。
Another respondent at a machinery firm cited strong orders and shipments for products serving the semiconductor market.
金属制品行业信心也上升9点，至正35；钢铁及有色金属行业则从负13跃升至正25。
Sentiment in the metal products sector also rose nine points, to plus-35, while the steel and nonferrous metals sector surged to plus-25 from minus-13.
该调查是日本央行季度短观调查的先行指标，于9月18日至10月2日进行，508家企业中有215家作出回应。
The poll, a leading indicator of the Bank of Japan's quarterly Tankan survey, was conducted from September 18 to October 2 and received responses from 215 out of 508 firms.
指数通过将悲观回答的百分比从乐观回答中减去计算得出，正数表示净乐观。
The indexes are calculated by subtracting the percentage of pessimistic responses from optimistic ones, with positive figures indicating net optimism.
非制造业信心从正29降至正23，为2024年11月以来最低水平。
The non-manufacturers' sentiment fell to plus-23 from plus-29, its lowest level since November 2024.
食品生产商降幅最大，下降15点至负40，因原材料成本上升和消费疲软挤压利润。
Food producers recorded the sharpest deterioration, dropping 15 points to minus-40 as higher raw-material costs and weak consumer spending squeezed profits.
信息通信行业信心从正21跌至正8。零售业从正18降至正8，房地产和建筑业从正37降至正28。
Sentiment in the information and communications sector tumbled to plus-8 from plus-21. Retailers fell to plus-8 from plus-18, while real estate and construction declined to plus-28 from plus-37.
受访者指出利率上升、建筑成本上升和家庭支出疲软。一位房地产公司经理写道：“由于利率和建筑成本上升，房地产投资变得困难。”
Respondents pointed to higher interest rates, elevated construction costs and weaker household spending. "Property investment has become difficult because of rising interest rates and construction costs," a real-estate company manager wrote.
得益于与灾难恢复项目相关的建筑材料需求强劲的推动，批发商逆势而上，从+24上升至+30。
Wholesalers bucked the broader trend, rising to plus-30 from plus-24, helped by stronger demand for construction materials linked to disaster-recovery projects.
展望未来三个月，制造商预计信心将温和改善至正23，而非制造商预计其指数将进一步放缓至正21。
Looking three months ahead, manufacturers expect sentiment to improve modestly to plus-23, while non-manufacturers see their index easing further to plus-21.
多家制造商还警告称，与人工智能相关的强劲需求最终可能会放缓，而服务业公司则表示担心通胀正在拖累家庭购买力。
Several manufacturers also warned that strong AI-related demand may eventually moderate, while service-sector firms expressed concern that inflation was weighing on household purchasing power.