无论是以撒切尔主义、民粹主义还是索尼随身听的故事，斯图尔特·霍尔（Stuart Hall）都是一位以定义时代而闻名的公共知识分子。现在，一个收录了他此前未发表的论文、笔记本、录音和视频的大型数字档案馆已正式上线。
Whether it was Thatcherism, populism or the story of the Sony Walkman, Stuart Hall was a public intellectual famed for defining the times. Now a major digital archive of his previously unpublished papers, notebooks, recordings and videos has been launched.
这位出生于牙买加的社会学家、战后英国黑人历史的开创性人物于2014年去世，享年82岁。他在《卫报》的讣告中被赞誉为“最早识别出时代关键问题的人之一”。霍尔创造了“撒切尔主义”一词，并在1985年警告过“威权民粹主义”的危险。
When the Jamaica-born sociologist and seminal figure in postwar Black British history died in 2014 aged 82, his obituary in the Guardian said he had been “among the first to identify key questions of the age”. Hall coined the term Thatcherism and in 1985 warned of the dangers of “authoritarian populism”.
伯明翰大学曾在此处建立当代文化研究中心，霍尔也正是在这里开展研究。该大学现已将由其遗孀、历史学家凯瑟琳·霍尔（Catherine Hall）捐赠的3100多件藏品进行了数字化并公开发布。
The University of Birmingham, where Hall developed the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, has digitised and released more than 3,100 items donated by his widow, the historian Catherine Hall.
其中包括笔记本、索引卡、他未完成的博士论文，以及数小时此前无法获取的音频和视频，这些内容记录了文化研究的演变过程，全部被收录在一个交互式数据库中。
They include notebooks, index cards, his abandoned doctoral thesis and hours of previously inaccessible audio and video tracing the evolution of cultural studies, all within an interactive database.
同时发布的还有他的“新左翼的起源”演讲、“种族与道德恐慌”笔记本，以及探索霍尔对大型语言模型架构影响的研究项目《编码/解码控制论》。
Also released are his “Origins of the new left” lecture, notebooks on “race and moral panics”, and Encoding/Decoding Cybernetics, a research project exploring Hall’s impact on the architecture of large language models.
为了应对人工智能时代及其引发的关于文化、版权和企业权力的种种问题，“斯图尔特·霍尔档案馆项目”背后的学者们已禁止人工智能机器人访问这些数据。
In response to the era of artificial intelligence, and the questions it raises about culture, copyright and corporate power, the academics behind the Stuart Hall Archive Project have barred AI bots from accessing the data.
对原始文件进行编目的卡德伯里研究图书馆（Cadbury Research Library）已通过一个“对数据进行投毒”的程序运行了该数字档案馆，以阻止机器人抓取。
The Cadbury Research Library, which has catalogued the original papers, has run the digital archive through a programme that “poisons the data” for bots.
项目负责人丽贝卡·罗奇（Rebecca Roach）博士与海伦·费舍尔（Helen Fisher）和凯瑟琳·帕森（Katherine Parson）博士共同表示，他们创建这个档案馆“绝不是为了让人工智能抓取”并将其商业化。她表示，该平台的建立是为了确保“它不会重演技术在历史上所助长的对有色人种及其文化遗产的剥削”。
The project lead, Dr Rebecca Roach, working with Helen Fisher and Dr Katherine Parson, said they did not create the archive “just for AI to scrape” and commercialise. She said the platform was built to ensure “it doesn’t replicate the exploitation of people of colour and their cultural heritage that technology has historically enabled”.
“在开发斯图尔特·霍尔数字网站的过程中，我们最核心的思考之一，就是能从霍尔的思想中学到什么，以及又该如何将这些思想应用于当前机器学习发展的时代，”罗奇说道。
“One of the things that was really central to us developing the Stuart Hall digital site was to think about what can we learn from Hall’s ideas – and how can we apply that to our current moment with machine learning,” Roach said.
霍尔在人工智能时代尚未完全到来之前便已去世，但他留下的大量著作为我们理解这一时代提供了基础。他的表征理论——即探讨媒体如何通过语言、符号和文化编码构建意义——在算法偏见引发担忧的今天依然具有现实意义。他合著的《文化研究》一书曾以随身听为案例，分析社会、文化和经济生活如何通过单一技术得以呈现。
Hall died before the AI era fully arrived, but he left a body of work with which to interpret it. His theory of representation – examining how media builds meaning through language, symbols and cultural codes – remains relevant amid concerns about algorithmic bias. Doing Cultural Studies, a textbook he co-authored, used the Walkman as a case study of how social, cultural and economic life could be expressed through a single technology.
罗奇表示，纪念那些为英国文化做出“非凡贡献”的非裔英国知识分子非常重要。她指出，尽管学者们有时会对流行文化“持有一些轻视态度”，但霍尔却始终站在其前沿。她称霍尔是“让这个世界变得更美好的一位引路人”。
Roach said it was important to celebrate Black British intellectuals who had made “incredible contributions” to British culture, and noted that while scholars had sometimes been “a bit sniffy” about popular culture, Hall was at its forefront. She called him “a guiding figure for making the world better”.
除了档案库之外，罗奇还为小学生制作了学习材料，而艺术团体“Vivid Projects”则创作了一本名为《致斯图尔特》的杂志。
Alongside the archive, Roach has produced learning materials for primary schoolchildren, while the art collective Vivid Projects has made a zine called Dear Stuart.
伯明翰大学的学生们还制作了《与霍尔同行》这一虚拟校园地标导览，引发了关于这位学者在帝国主义者、大学创始人约瑟夫·张伯伦的阴影下行走所具有意义的思考。
University of Birmingham students have created Walking with Hall, a virtual tour of campus landmarks, raising questions about what it meant for the academic to walk in the shadow of Joseph Chamberlain, the imperialist statesman who founded the university.
霍尔在牙买加接受了古典教育，1951年凭借罗德奖学金前往牛津大学，后来成为《新左翼评论》的创刊编辑，并在投身学术生涯之前，曾在布里克斯顿担任代课教师。
Classically educated in Jamaica, Hall came to Britain in 1951 on a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford, became the founding editor of New Left Review, and worked as a supply teacher in Brixton before pursuing his academic career.
1963年，他在一次反核游行中认识了凯瑟琳；两人随后搬到了伯明翰，他们的两个孩子也在那里出生。在伯明翰，他将所在大学的院系打造成了探讨媒体、种族、政治、马克思主义和批判理论的学术重镇。
He met Catherine on an anti-nuclear march in 1963; they moved to Birmingham, where their two children were born and where he made his university department a beacon for debate on media, race, politics, Marxism and critical theory.
1997年至2000年，他曾在兰尼米德信托基金会的多元文化英国未来委员会任职，随后开始与年轻艺术家和电影制作人合作，并于2005年当选为英国国家学术院院士。
From 1997 to 2000 he served on the Runnymede Trust’s commission on the future of multi-ethnic Britain, going on to collaborate with young artists and film-makers, and in 2005 he was made a fellow of the British Academy.
伯明翰大学斯图尔特·霍尔跨学科讲席教授丹尼尔·麦克尼尔称该档案馆是“一项非凡的资源”，并表示霍尔“改变了我们对文化、身份、权力和归属感的思考方式”。
Calling the archive “an extraordinary resource”, Prof Daniel McNeil, the Stuart Hall interdisciplinary chair at Birmingham University, said Hall “transformed how we think about culture, identity, power and belonging”.