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将定义本次中期选举竞选活动的五个关键看点The five takes that will define this midterm campaign

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丽贝卡·库克/路透社Rebecca Cook/Reuters

大卫的观点:竖起耳朵,你就能听到——各种各样的民主党人正在争相为尚未正式确认的中期选举胜利邀功。

David’s view Prick up your ears, and you can hear it — the sound of many different kinds of Democrats grabbing credit for midterm victories that aren’t official yet.

亚历山德里亚·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯(Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez)评估认为,当(而非是否)阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德(Abdul El-Sayed)赢得密歇根州的参议员选举时,左翼将“彻底打破美国整个政治计算”——也就是说,像他们这样的进步派人士可以在中西部地区获胜。皮特·布蒂吉格(Pete Buttigieg)则确保大家知道他在多少州(37个)进行了竞选活动,以及他支持了多少名候选人(超过100名)。

There’s Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, assessing that when (not if) Abdul El-Sayed wins his Senate race in Michigan, the left will “break open the entire political calculus in America” — i.e., that progressives like them can win the Midwest. There’s Pete Buttigieg, making sure we know how many states he’s campaigned in (37) and how many candidates he’d endorsed (more than 100).

在任何竞选周期的这个阶段,团体、候选人和策略师都会向记者抛出大量早期声明,声称自己才是对的。他们说,选举将是对某个议题的公投,是对支出策略的验证,是理念能够左右选票的证明。

At this time in any campaign cycle, groups, candidates, and strategists pepper reporters with early claims that they were right. The election, they say, will be a referendum on issue, a validation of spending strategy, proof that ideas moved votes.

这些观点并非无可挑剔。我从未删除过2017年10月一位策略师发来的邮件,当时他正准备解释为什么拉尔夫·诺瑟姆(Ralph Northam)输掉了弗吉尼亚州州长选举。事实上,诺瑟姆轻松获胜,而那位策略师则策略性地保持了沉默。

These takes aren’t immaculate. I’ve never deleted the October 2017 email from a strategist who was ready to explain why Ralph Northam lost the election for governor of Virginia. In fact, Northam won easily, and that strategist got strategically quiet.

尽管这听起来荒谬,但“预炒作”周期很重要,因为任何未能提前将事态发展解读为对自己有利的人,都会颜面尽失。

As preposterous as it is, though, the pre-spin cycle matters, because anyone not ready to contextualize what happened to their benefit will lose face.

这在2020年很重要,当时温和派民主党人纷纷指责“削减警察预算”的活动人士,认为他们的党派表现不及最终民调。在唐纳德·特朗普总统2024年获胜后,这同样重要,参议员伯尼·桑德斯(Bernie Sanders)立即将失败归咎于该党“抛弃了工人阶级”。这种迅速的分析塑造了当时的舆论走向。

It mattered in 2020, when centrist Democrats burst out to blame “defund the police” activists for their party underperforming the final polls. It mattered after President Donald Trump’s win in 2024, when Sen. Bernie Sanders instantly blamed defeat on the party having “abandoned the working class.”That quick analysis shaped the conversation.

民粹主义获胜了。这是桑德斯的项目——实际上,也是进步派人士的整体项目。招募摇摆选区的民粹主义者并让他们通过初选的目标,正如奥卡西奥-科尔特斯所说,是为了证明他们这类人可以在任何地方获胜,这对2028年大选至关重要。

Populism won. This is the Sanders project — progressives’ entire project, really. The goal of recruiting swing-seat populists and getting them through primaries was to prove, as Ocasio-Cortez said, that their kind can win anywhere, which should matter for 2028.

这一理论恐怕难以被大众接受。原本用来佐证该理论的例证应是缅因州:在那里,格雷厄姆·普拉特纳令民主党主流派颜面尽失,最后自己也身败名裂。进步派人士赢得了取代他的临时预选会,并推举特洛伊·杰克逊与共和党参议员苏珊·柯林斯一决高下。尽管党内有人抱怨称未经左翼认可的竞选顾问正在破坏桑德斯竞选策略,但本周末桑德斯仍将为杰克逊助选。

This theory may be tough to sell. One of its proof points was supposed to be Maine, where Graham Platner humiliated the party establishment, then himself. Progressives won the insta-caucus that replaced him, nominating Troy Jackson to face GOP Sen. Susan Collins, and Sanders will campaign for Jackson this weekend after some internal grumbling about whether consultants not approved by the left were ruining his campaign.

如今,密歇根州成了关键战场。对进步派而言,如果埃尔-赛义德胜出,那便将成为本次中期选举的标志性事件。此前该派系取得的多数初选胜利都发生在民主党稳赢的选区;但要想掌控2028年的舆论走向,他们希望人们谈论的是埃尔-赛义德获胜、威尔·劳伦斯夺回密歇根州中部的一个席位,以及兰迪·维列加斯在加利福尼亚州击败众议员大卫·瓦拉达奥。他们想借此证明:那些忧心忡忡的温和派错了,纯粹的民粹主义同样能拿下或保住摇摆选区。

Michigan’s the ballgame now. An El-Sayed win would, for progressives, be the story of the midterms. Most of the movement’s primary victories came in safe seats, but to take control of the 2028 story, they want to be talking about El-Sayed winning, Will Lawrence flipping back a mid-Michigan district, and Randy Villegas unseating Rep. David Valadao in California. They want to say that hand-wringing moderates were wrong, and pure populism can flip or hold swing seats.

不过,倘若埃尔-赛义德成为本世纪首位在密歇根州参议院选举中落败的民主党人,那么进步派在步入2028年时将一无所获。

But if El-Sayed becomes the first Democrat to lose a Michigan Senate seat this century, progressives will enter 2028 with empty hands.

选区划分不公根本无关紧要——如果共和党未能保住众议院控制权,这将是最显著的结论。事实上,共和党人已然承认部分失利已成定局。“我们不可能拿下所有13个经过重新划分的选区,”明尼苏达州共和党众议员、众议院多数党党鞭汤姆·埃默本周对Axios说道。确实,民主党人正在全力争夺那些原本被共和党视为囊中之物的席位:得克萨斯州3个、佛罗里达州3个、北卡罗来纳州1个、俄亥俄州1个、阿拉巴马州1个,本周又新增了田纳西州1个。

Gerrymandering didn’t matter. This will be the biggest conclusion if Republicans don’t hold the House. And they’re already conceding partial defeat. “We’re not gonna win all 13 of those redistricted seats,” House Majority Whip Tom Emmer, R-Minn., told Axios this week. Indeed, Democrats are competing for most of the seats that Republicans tried to lift beyond their reach z– three in Texas, three in Florida, one in North Carolina, one in Ohio, one in Alabama, and as of this week, one in Tennessee.

当初特朗普首次敦促得克萨斯州削减5个民主党占优的选区时,最激进的回应也不过是“民主党人仍可采取温和路线去争取这些席位”。而事实正是如此:如今有4名所在选区政治倾向明显转向共和党的民主党众议员,在最近一项关于跨性别者健康权益的提案上与共和党人投了同一票;第5位则是俄亥俄州众议员玛西·卡普图尔,她发布的有关“跨性别意识形态”的广告比任何在任民主党议员都要激进。

When Trump first urged Texas to eliminate five Democratic districts, the most ambitious response was that Democrats could moderate and compete for them anyway. That did happen. Four of the Democrats whose seats turned redder voted with Republicans on a recent transgender health proposal; a fifth, Rep. Marcy Kaptur, D-Ohio, is running the most critical ads about “transgender ideology” of any Democratic incumbent.

虽然这或许无法决定谁将掌控众议院,但选区重划确实产生了影响。如果大多数重新划分的选区没有发生席位易主,那么这种影响也将微乎其微。

While it might not decide who controls the House, gerrymandering did matter. It won’t have mattered enough if most of the remapped districts don’t flip.

反跨性别政治已经失效。这个话题很难进行舆论引导;无论是LGBTQ权利组织,还是更为谨慎的民主党策略家,都在试图为这一转变做好准备。“我希望11月4日出炉的头条新闻是:支持平等的选民赢了,而反跨性别广告输了,”人权运动组织主席凯利·罗宾逊周一对记者表示。

Anti-trans politics stopped working. This is a complicated topic to spin; both LGBTQ rights groups and more cautious Democratic strategists are trying to set themselves up for it. “I hope that the headline coming out of November 4 is that equality voters won and anti-trans ads lost,” Kelly Robinson, the president of the Human Rights Campaign, told reporters on Monday.

罗宾逊希望,那些遵循其组织策略的候选人能够取得胜利,从而证明这一点——即在面对共和党对候选人性别投票记录的攻击时,应当予以回应并迅速转移话题。一小部分民主党人,比如卡普特,曾使用过活动人士认为具有冒犯性的措辞;人权运动组织已准备好将这些失败作为证据,证明采用保守派的话语框架无法赢得选票。

Robinson wants that to be proven by victories for candidates who followed her group’s playbook, of responding to GOP attacks on a candidate’s gender voting record by answering them and pivoting. A small group of Democrats, like Kaptur, have used the language that activists find offensive; the HRC is ready to point to those defeats as evidence that using a conservative frame won’t win votes.

[插入2028年候选人]是最有力的代言人。中期选举结束后,人们会迅速计算哪些民主党人和共和党人支持的候选人,以及在国会选举中为哪些获胜者进行了最积极的竞选。

[Insert 2028 Candidate] was the strongest surrogate. There’ll be fast post-midterm calculations of which Democrats and Republicans endorsed, and campaigned for, the most winners in congressional races.

在总统初选中采用这种“成绩单”模式的做法源自理查德·尼克松。1966年,他通过在全国范围内为共和党候选人竞选,重塑了自己的声誉,并因此获得了一定程度的认可,那一年共和党整体表现良好。

The model for taking a scorecard into a presidential primary comes from Richard Nixon, who refurbished his reputation by campaigning across the country for Republicans in 1966 and got some credit for a good GOP year.

但每一位潜在的总统候选人都采取了不同的方式。加州民主党众议员罗·卡纳支持了众多候选人,其中一些人的胜算极低。他追求的不是高胜率,而是试图向人们展示,他的政治立场以及通过公开爱泼斯坦文件所获得的关注,使他具有广泛的吸引力。

But every would-be president has approached this differently. Rep. Ro Khanna, D-Calif., has endorsed scores of candidates, some of them extreme longshots. He’s not going for a batting average; he’s trying to show people that his politics, and the attention he got by releasing the Epstein files, give him broad appeal.

布蒂吉奇已经向外界传达了一个信息:他能在共和党势力较强的选区吸引大量选民,而各候选人也乐于与他携手竞选。参议员马克·凯利同样如此;虽然他的影响力不及布蒂吉奇,但他也明确表示,那些竞选形势最为严峻的选区的民主党人很乐意与这位来自摇摆州的宇航员型候选人共同开展竞选活动。而领导着民主党州长协会的肯塔基州州长安迪·贝希尔不得不频繁往返内华达州,这难道不是恰到好处吗?

Buttigieg has gotten the word out that he can draw crowds in Republican districts, and that the candidates are happy to have him. So has Sen. Mark Kelly; he doesn’t have Buttigieg’s reach but he’s made it known that Democrats in the toughest seats are happy to campaign with the astronaut from a swing state. And isn’t it convenient that Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear, who leads the Democratic Governors Association, has to keep going back to Nevada?

所有计划在2028年参选的民主党人都会收到一份评分表。目前已有不少议论指出,很少有民主党人愿意与卡玛拉·哈里斯同台亮相——而她正是那些人声称不愿与其搭档的唯一潜在候选人。

Every 2028 Democrat will get a scorecard, and there’s already some chatter about how few Democrats want to appear with Kamala Harris — the only potential candidate who several have said they won’t appear with.

拉丁裔选民的倾向转变现象已经结束。如今已有相关分析指出:德克萨斯州的共和党人,甚至佛罗里达州的共和党人,都误把2024年拉丁裔选民的投票倾向变化当成了永久性的远离民主党的趋势。

The Latino vibe shift is over. This argument is already being written: Texas Republicans, and maybe even Florida Republicans, misinterpreted the 2024 Latino vote as a permanent shift away from Democrats.

各类公开及私人民调显示,拉丁裔选民正重新倒向民主党,后者的支持率已回升至2018年和2020年的水平,这直接打乱了共和党的国会席位布局。造成这一现象的主要原因就是特朗普推行的强硬移民执法政策——该政策导致大量无犯罪记录的人员遭到遣返,而部分民主党人已提醒本党切勿过早沾沾自喜。

Public and private polling has found the Latino vote slipping back to Democrats, who are recovering to where they were in 2018 and 2020, wrecking the GOP’s congressional map. The clear reason for this is Trump’s aggressive immigration enforcement policy, which swept in people with no criminal records, but some Democrats are already warning the party not to celebrate too hard.

“目前拉丁裔选民的支持率很可能正以15到20个百分点甚至更高的幅度重新回归民主党阵营,”为德克萨斯州拉丁裔民主党人提供策略支持的查克·罗查说道,“他们倒向民主党并非出于对民主党的喜爱,更多是因为经济衰退让他们怨声载道,再加上对当地出现移民及海关执法局人员的恐惧心理。”在下次选举前,共和党人仍有时间做出调整。

“The vote is probably moving somewhere in the neighborhood of 15 to 20 points or more back to Democrats,” said Chuck Rocha, a strategist working for Latino Democrats in Texas. “[It’s] not because they’re in love with Democrats, but more they’re just so angry about the economic downturn with the overarching fear of ICE in their neighborhood.”There will be time for Republicans to adjust before the next election.

值得注意的有:在《政治报》(Politico)中,乔纳森·马丁(Jonathan Martin)采访了一些民主党人,他们已对当前局势感到担忧——由于他们的捐助者认为参议院选举是“阻止特朗普”的关键,民主党人担心自己可能会放弃原本有胜算的州长竞选,而让对手毫无阻碍地参选。而在CNN方面,爱德华-以撒·多弗(Edward-Isaac Dovere)则分析了埃尔-赛义德(El-Sayed)在密歇根州的竞选活动,以及民主党人如何开始思考:如果他不听他们的建议,可能会发生什么。

Notable In Politico, Jonathan Martin got some pre-criminations from Democrats who are already worried that they’re leaving winnable races for governor uncontested, because their donors think Senate races are the way to “stop Trump.”For CNN, Edward-Isaac Dovere looked at El-Sayed’s campaign in Michigan, and how Democrats were already processing what might happen if he doesn’t listen to their advice.