字号·· | 护眼
彭博社

UPS员工漏看安全邮件,致使中国获得F-35零部件UPS Worker Missed Security Email, Letting China Get F-35 Parts

点「原文对照」整页切到原文,或双击某段只看那段的原文。

一架美国空军洛克希德·马丁F-35A闪电II战斗机。摄影师:Jason Alden/彭博社A US Air Force Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II. Photographer: Jason Alden/Bloomberg

据一名了解该事件的人士透露,由于联合包裹服务公司(United Parcel Service Inc.)的一名员工未能注意到一封警告邮件,该邮件提醒不要将这批货物经由香港运输,中国最终成功获得了F-35隐形战斗机的零部件。

China managed to get a hold of parts from an F-35 stealth fighter jet after a United Parcel Service Inc. employee missed an email warning not to route the shipment through Hong Kong, according to a person briefed on the incident.

货运代理公司DSV A/S发出的邮件指出,这批零部件——包括F-35驾驶舱座舱盖和涂有雷达吸收材料的武器舱门——必须不得经过某些国家,以遵守美国《国际武器贸易管制条例》。这项被称为ITAR的法规部分旨在防止敏感的美国武器技术落入美国对手手中。

The email from freight forwarder firm DSV A/S said that the parts — an F-35 cockpit canopy and weapons-bay door coated in radar-absorbing material — must not transit through certain countries to comply with the US International Traffic in Arms Regulations. The rules, known as ITAR, are meant in part to keep sensitive US weapons technology from falling into the hands of US adversaries.

据这名人士称,这批战机零部件最初计划经由韩国和台湾运往旧金山,而这两个国家都是美国的国防合作伙伴。但由于货物从澳大利亚出发时延误,为加快交付速度,运输路线被错误地改道至香港。该人士因无权公开发表言论而要求匿名。

The shipment of warplane parts was originally meant to travel to San Francisco via South Korea and Taiwan — both US defense partners. But the shipment was late leaving Australia and was mistakenly routed via Hong Kong in an effort to speed up delivery, the person said, declining to be named because they weren’t authorized to speak publicly.

这名人士还表示,DSV代表F-35制造商洛克希德·马丁公司(Lockheed Martin Corp.)发送了这封邮件,其中依照美国法规标注了ITAR管制信息。此外,该邮件可能通过不同于UPS代理所使用的IT系统发出。

DSV, working on behalf of F-35 developer Lockheed Martin Corp., sent the email noting the ITAR designation, as required by US regulations, the person said. The DSV email may have been sent through a different IT system than the one used by the UPS agent, the person added.

五角大楼官员于9月29日在与众议院外交事务和武装服务委员会工作人员举行的约一小时会议中,披露了此前未报道的关于该货物改道运输的细节。

The previously unreported details about the diverted shipment were outlined by Pentagon officials Sept. 29 in a roughly hour-long meeting with staff of the House foreign affairs and armed services committees.

这些新披露的细节进一步揭示了这起事件:一系列失误可能无意中让中国获取了美国最敏感的部分军事技术。此事已成为五角大楼和洛克希德·马丁公司的丑闻。

The fresh details shed further light on an incident that has attracted scrutiny over the possibility that a series of errors inadvertently allowed China to gain access to some of the US’s most sensitive military technology. It has proven to be an embarrassment for the Pentagon and for Lockheed Martin.

DSV发言人Stephan Ghisler-Solvang和UPS发言人Malcolm Berkley均拒绝发表评论。

DSV spokesman Stephan Ghisler-Solvang and UPS spokesman Malcolm Berkley declined to comment.

UPS并未提供按行业划分的完整收入细分,但近年来,该公司强调了一项战略举措,旨在从包括航空航天和国防在内的更多领域获取业务。

UPS doesn’t provide a complete breakdown of revenue by sector but in recent years the company has highlighted a strategic push to garner more business in sectors that could also include aerospace and defense.

该事件已引发五角大楼和国务院的调查,并令美国议员感到担忧。他们要求对美国武器全球供应链进行审查,以确保类似错误不再发生。

The incident has prompted investigations by the Pentagon and the State Department and alarmed US lawmakers, who have demanded a review of the global supply chain for US armaments to ensure a similar error doesn’t happen again.

F-35是世界上最先进的战斗机,也是美国历史上最昂贵的武器项目——而中国多年来一直将这款飞机作为间谍活动的目标。

The F-35 is the world’s most advanced warplane and the most expensive US weapons program in history — and China has for years targeted the aircraft in espionage efforts.

据熟悉该事件的人士称,战斗机的这两个部件均涂有增强隐身能力的雷达吸波材料,并于5月底被送往美国,可能用于维修或销毁。

Both parts of the warplane were coated with radar-absorbing material that enhances stealth capabilities, and were being sent to the US for possible repair or disposal in late May, according to people familiar with the incident.

“中国人现在拥有”一架F-35的座舱盖,“这可不是什么好事,”非党派政府问责办公室负责F-35支持审查工作的戴安娜·毛勒表示,并称此次丢失事件“非同小可”。她补充道:“我确信中国人庆祝了一番,然后便忙着尝试逆向工程,想利用他们自己的技术能力找出应对方法。我敢肯定,一旦拿到这些部件,他们正是这么做的。”

“It’s not good the Chinese now have” an F-35 canopy, said Diana Maurer, who oversees F-35 support reviews at the non-partisan Government Accountability Office, calling the loss “a big deal.”“I’m sure the Chinese celebrated and then they got busy trying to reverse engineer it and figure out how to counter it with their own technical capabilities,” she added. “I’m sure that’s what they were up once they got those things.”

洛克希德·马丁公司负责管理全球大部分用于支持美国及另外19个国家使用该战斗机的备件库。当彭博社首次报道这些部件失踪时,该公司上个月发表声明称:“我们的物流决策并非单方面做出。”该公司表示,他们会选择最符合政府规定的运输商。

Lockheed Martin, which manages much of the global spare parts pool that sustains the aircraft’s use by the US and 19 other nations, said in a statement last month when Bloomberg first reported the missing parts that “our logistics decisions are not made unilaterally.”The company selects carriers that best align with government regulations, it said.

洛克希德公司表示:“虽然我们无法讨论涉及的具体物流合作伙伴,但我们正与他们密切合作,共同制定并实施预防措施,以加强我们的集体监督,防止类似事件再次发生。”

“While we cannot discuss the details of which logistics partner was involved, we are working closely with them to help develop and implement preventive measures to strengthen our collective oversight and prevent recurrence,” Lockheed said.

针对有关这批货物被转移的新细节,洛克希德公司周三在一份声明中表示:“对于您提到的这一系列事件,我们没有任何补充或更正。”一位知情人士称,在国会简报会上,美国国防部后勤事务副助理部长埃里卡·普拉特表示,她组建的团队正在采取措施,以防止类似事故再次发生。当被问及具体预防措施时,五角大楼发言人表示,国防部将不再提供更多信息。

Presented with the new details about the diversion, Lockheed said in a statement on Wednesday that “we have nothing to add or correct on the series of events you mentioned.”At the congressional briefing, Erica Plath, the deputy assistant secretary of defense for logistics, said a team she assembled was taking steps to prevent another such mishap, the person familiar said. A Pentagon spokesman said the Defense Department would have nothing more to provide when asked about specific steps it was taking to prevent a repeat.

该知情人士还补充说,美国国务院国防贸易管制司的一名合规官员也出席了此次简报会。该机构负责执行出口管制法律,目前正对此次货物转移事件展开调查。

Also in attendance at the briefing was a compliance official from the State Department’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, which enforces export control laws and is currently investigating the diversion, the person added.

情报委员会民主党资深委员马克·沃纳参议员曾要求五角大楼就此次事件举行简报会。委员会主席汤姆·科顿参议员则要求对供应链进行全面审查。

Senator Mark Warner, the ranking Democrat on the intelligence committee had demanded the Pentagon briefing on the incident. The committee chairman, Senator Tom Cotton has demanded a supply chain review.

北达科他州共和党参议员凯文·克勒默担任调查该事件的武装服务委员会小组主席,他问道:“中国是否从一开始就计划拦截这批货物?”

Senator Kevin Cramer of North Dakota, a Republican who chairs the Armed Services Committee panel that’s investigating the incident, has asked “Did China have a plan all along to intercept this?”

五角大楼已公开撇清与这批误送货物相关的任何责任,并淡化了这些零部件的价值,称其“无法使用”。例如,美国运输司令部在一份声明中表示:“我们并未参与相关货物的运输或协调工作。”国防部在一份声明中称:“我们正在与美国当局及行业合作伙伴积极合作,以追回这些组件、调查此次事件,并制定保障措施,避免未来再次发生类似情况。”

The Pentagon has publicly distanced itself from any responsibility for the errant shipment, and downplayed the value of the parts, calling them “unserviceable.”The US Transportation Command, for example said in a statement, “it was not involved in the transportation or coordination of the shipment in question.”“We are actively working with U.S. authorities and industry partners to retrieve these components, investigate the incident, and place safeguards to avoid a future occurrence,” the Defense Department said in a statement.