马修·布朗 亚利桑那州东南部有一片高耸的岩柱群，在当地美洲原住民中被称为“直立岩石之地”，如今即将成为美国最新的国家公园。
MATTHEW BROWN An area of towering rock spires in southeastern Arizona known among Native Americans as the Land of Standing-Up Rocks is poised to become the nation’s newest national park.
设立奇里卡瓦国家公园的法案预计将在未来几天内送交白宫，等待唐纳德·特朗普总统签署。该法案在国会获得两党支持通过，将成为美国第64个国家公园。
Legislation to create Chiricahua National Park is expected to be transmitted to the White House in coming days for President Donald Trump’s signature. It passed Congress with bipartisan backing and would be the 64th national park.
这片占地19平方英里（49平方公里）的区域位于奇里卡瓦阿帕奇部落的历史领地内。20世纪20年代，这里被指定为国家古迹，以保护由远古火山喷发形成的数百座尖顶状岩石。
The 19-square-mile (49-square kilometer) site is within the historical territory of the Chiricahua Apache tribes. It was designated a national monument in the 1920s to preserve hundreds of pinnacle-shaped rocks formed from an ancient volcanic eruption.
“我们是‘大峡谷之州’，因此对这类地貌并不陌生，”奇里卡瓦国家公园法案在众议院的提案人胡安·西斯科马尼代表周三表示。“大峡谷虽难超越，但奇里卡瓦同样独具魅力。这里是一个真正尚未被广泛发现的宝藏。”美国国家公园管理局官员拒绝透露，是否会新增工作人员以应对新地位带来的游客数量增长。
“We’re the Grand Canyon state, so we know about this kind of landscape,” Rep. Juan Ciscomani, House sponsor of the Chiricahua National Park Act, said Wednesday. “The Grand Canyon is hard to top, but Chiricahua hold its own. This is something that really hasn’t been discovered.”National Park Service officials declined to say if new staff would be hired to address an expected increase in visitors as the new designation elevates the site’s profile.
在特朗普执政期间，国家公园管理局的人员编制大幅削减。包括奇里卡瓦在内的许多景区维护项目都被官员列为“低优先级”，取而代之的是白宫更关注的项目，例如修复林肯纪念堂倒影池。
The park service has undergone deep cuts to its workforce under Trump. Maintenance projects at many sites — including Chiricahua — were ranked a “low priority” by officials who have instead focused on projects wanted by the White House including repairs to the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool .
数个世纪以来，这片拟设公园的土地一直是阿帕奇人的家园。这些游牧部落经常抵抗来到北美的欧洲移民，并与定居者持续冲突，直到1886年向美军投降，并被强制迁往圣卡洛斯阿帕奇保留地。
For centuries the site of the proposed park was home to the Apache, nomadic tribes who often resisted European newcomers to North America. They continued clashing with settlers until surrendering to U.S. troops in 1886 and being forcibly removed to the San Carlos Apache reservation.
设立奇里卡瓦国家公园的法案保留了部落成员举行传统仪式的进入权。该法案允许在公园内临时对公众关闭部分区域，以保护这些文化用途，不过西斯科马尼表示，具体细节尚未确定。
The bill creating Chiricahua National Park preserves tribal access for traditional ceremonies. It allows temporary public closures within the park to protect those cultural uses, although Ciscomani said specifics have not been decided.
圣卡洛斯阿帕奇部落的领导人尚未就国家公园的设立问题表明正式立场，一名发言人周三表示。在回应美联社的提问时，该部落提交了其2024年向国会提交的证词，其中圣卡洛斯阿帕奇部落副总检察长贾斯汀·吉米要求能够不受干扰地进入该地。
San Carlos Apache tribal leaders did not take a formal position on the national park designation, a spokesperson said Wednesday. In response to questions from The Associated Press, the tribe provided its 2024 testimony before Congress, where San Carlos Apache Deputy Attorney General Justine Jimmie asked for uninterrupted access to the site.
“国家公园现在已经挤满了游客，”吉米说。“相比之下，我们会前往如今属于公园的文化区域，寻求庇护、祈祷和举行仪式。”早期定居者称该地为“岩石仙境”。“奇里卡瓦”这个名字则源自周围的群山。
“National parks have become so packed with tourists,” Jimmie said. “In contrast, we go to our cultural areas in what are now parks to seek sanctuary, pray, and perform ceremonies.”Early settlers called the site Wonderland of Rocks. The name Chiricahua comes from the surrounding mountains.
据国家公园管理局称，该地区有数千年人类活动的证据，时间跨度从史前人类到著名的“水牛士兵”。这些美国黑人部队在南北战争后被派驻于此，当时政府正对阿帕奇领导人杰罗尼莫和科奇斯展开军事行动。
The area has evidence of thousands of years of human use, according to the park service. That spans from prehistoric people to the famed Buffalo Soldiers. The U.S. troops who were Black were stationed there after the Civil War during a government campaign against Apache leaders Geronimo and Cochise.
前总统卡尔文·库利奇于1924年根据被称为《古迹法》的联邦法律，将该地指定为国家古迹。前总统富兰克林·罗斯福于1938年对其范围进行了扩大。大约85%的公园区域被划为荒野区。公园每年约有6万名游客。
Former President Calvin Coolidge named the site as a national monument in 1924 under a federal law known as the Antiquities Act. Former President Franklin Roosevelt expanded it in 1938. About 85% of the park is designated as wilderness. It gets roughly 60,000 visitors annually.
国家古迹旨在保护特定的地点和物体，例如考古或历史遗址，而国家公园的目标则更为广泛，包括提供休闲活动和保护大面积的荒野地区。公园和古迹均由国家公园管理局管理。
National monuments are designed to protect specific locations and objects, such as archaeological or historical sites, whereas national parks have a broader purpose including recreation and the preservation of vast expanses of wilderness. Parks and monuments alike are managed by the park service.
如果获批，奇里卡瓦国家公园将成为自2021年西弗吉尼亚州的新河峡谷国家公园及保护区设立以来首个新增的国家公园。
Chiricahua would be the first new national park since New River Gorge National Park and Preserve in West Virginia in 2021.
该地位于亚利桑那州科奇斯县的农村地区，目前已设有游客中心、露营地和徒步小径。国家公园管理局官员拒绝透露是否计划进行任何即时调整。
The site in rural Cochise County, Arizona, already has a visitor center, campground and hiking trails. Park service officials declined to say if any immediate changes were planned.
官员们在一份声明中表示，公园管理部门将“依照法律、可用资金以及适用的规划要求来评估这些问题”。国会预算办公室称，建立该公园的成本将低于50万美元，但并未具体说明这笔资金将如何支出。
The park service will “evaluate those matters consistent with the law, available funding and applicable planning requirements,” officials said in a statement. The Congressional Budget Office said it would cost less than $500,000 to establish the park, but it did not specify how that might be spent.
众议院议员于3月通过无记名投票批准了该公园的设立，参议院则于9月30日一致同意通过。
House lawmakers approved the park’s creation in a voice vote in March, and the Senate passed it Sept. 30 by unanimous consent.