伊斯兰堡，10月8日——自2015年巴基斯坦议会投票决定让该国不参与沙特主导的也门干预行动以来，十一年后，伊斯兰堡已同意在未经过议会投票的情况下迅速向沙特阿拉伯部署更多部队，凸显在阿西姆·穆尼尔元帅领导下军方对外交政策的掌控。
ISLAMABAD, Oct 8 - Eleven years after Pakistan's parliament voted to keep the country out of a Saudi-led intervention in Yemen in 2015, Islamabad has agreed to rapidly deploy more forces to Saudi Arabia without a parliamentary vote, highlighting the military's grip on foreign policy under Field Marshal Asim Munir.
本周一，巴基斯坦在八月与沙特阿拉伯和土耳其签署的防务协定首次被启动，因该王国正面临也门伊朗支持的胡塞武装日益升级的袭击。
On Monday, a defence pact Pakistan signed with Saudi Arabia and Turkey in August was invoked for the first time, as the kingdom faces escalating attacks from Yemen's Iran-backed Houthis.
去年宪法修改将穆尼尔置于三军统帅之位，任期至2030年，并授予其元帅终身军衔及刑事豁免权。
Constitutional changes last year had put Munir in command of all three services until 2030, with lifetime rank as field marshal and immunity from criminal prosecution.
分析人士表示，此次部署显示军方在国内权力的不断增强，现被监禁的前总理伊姆兰·汗的政党正向伊斯兰堡进军，指责军队主导政治——而军方对此予以否认。
Analysts say the deployment signals the growing power of the military at home, where jailed former prime minister Imran Khan's party is marching on Islamabad accusing the army of dominating politics - an accusation the army denies.
“大洋理事会南亚事务驻地高级研究员迈克尔·库格尔曼说：‘过去曾有时期，巴基斯坦议会会投票决定不派遣部队，军方会遵守这一决定。但现在已经是不同的时代了。’”巴基斯坦信息部称，该联盟“已完成所有必要的政府程序”，但未说明内阁或议会是否参与，并将部署细节称为“作战机密”。尚不清楚巴基斯坦部队是否会参与针对伊朗支持的胡塞武装的行动。巴基斯坦在美国主导的伊朗战争中担任调解人，积极与德黑兰互动，但若伊斯兰堡直接参与对胡塞武装的作战，可能会导致关系破裂。
"There were times in the past when Pakistan's parliament would vote not to send troops, and the military would abide by that decision. But it's a different era now," said Michael Kugelman, a resident senior fellow for South Asia at the Atlantic Council. Pakistan's information ministry said the alliance "has gone through all necessary government procedures" but did not say whether the cabinet or parliament was involved, calling details of the deployment "a matter of operational confidentiality." It's not clear if Pakistani troops will take part in operations against the Houthis, who are backed by Iran. Pakistan is actively engaged with Tehran in its role as a mediator in the US-led war on Iran, but if Islamabad gets involved in directly fighting the Houthis, that could rupture relations.
胡塞武装于七月宣布对沙特航运实施禁令，此后袭击了油轮和石油设施。上周，也门的沙特主导联盟称该武装击中了位于麦地那的一座为先知清真寺供电的发电站——这一说法被胡塞武装否认。
The Houthis declared a ban on Saudi shipping in July and have since struck tankers and oil facilities. Last week, the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen said the militant group had hit a power station in Medina that supplies electricity to the Prophet's Mosque - a claim the Houthis denied.
在穆尼尔与沙特和土耳其同行在利雅得举行紧急会议后，三国谴责了针对麦加和麦地那的袭击企图，并表示将根据各自国家的“国内法律”，“提供已商定的军事力量和作战能力，并确保其迅速部署”。他们并未透露具体兵力规模、任务、指挥安排、费用或持续时间。
After an emergency meeting in Riyadh that Munir attended with Saudi and Turkish counterparts, the three countries condemned attempted attacks on Mecca and Medina and said they would "provide the agreed military forces and capabilities and ensure their rapid deployment" in line with each country's "national legislation". They gave no troop numbers, missions, command arrangements, costs or duration.
2015年，当沙特阿拉伯为也门军事行动请求巴基斯坦派遣军队、战机和舰船时，当时的巴基斯坦政府将该请求提交至议会，议会一致决议保持中立，同时承诺捍卫沙特王国的领土和圣地。
In 2015, when Saudi Arabia asked for Pakistani troops, warplanes and ships for its Yemen campaign, the then-Pakistan government put the request to parliament, which unanimously resolved to stay neutral while pledging to defend the kingdom's territory and holy sites.
分析人士称，与2015年相比，差异在于政治而非法律：当时巴基斯坦宪法赋予联邦政府对其武装部队的指挥权，如今亦然。
Analysts say the difference from 2015 is political, not legal: the country's constitution gave the federal government control and command of the armed forces then, as it does now.
但即使在巴基斯坦由民主政府执政期间，军队也始终掌控着国防和外交等领域。穆尼尔在国内的权力被普遍认为超过其任何一位前任。
But even when democratic governments have been in power in Pakistan, the military has been in control of areas like defence and foreign relations. Munir is widely acknowledged to be more powerful domestically than any of his predecessors.
执政的巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟（纳瓦兹派）及其盟友巴基斯坦人民党均未回应置评请求。
The ruling Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz and its ally, the Pakistan Peoples Party, did not respond to requests for comment.
伊姆兰·汗领导的巴基斯坦正义运动党发言人祖尔菲·布哈里并未说明该党是否支持此次部署，但表示这一问题应通过“政治智慧”进行辩论和决定。
Zulfi Bukhari, a spokesman for Imran Khan's Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party, did not say whether the party backs the deployment, but said the issue should be debated and decided with "political acumen".
麦加联合防御协议的具体文本尚未公布，但据路透社报道，该协议是在2025年沙特与巴基斯坦签署的一项协议基础上建立的，根据该协议，巴基斯坦截至5月已向沙特王国派遣了约8000名士兵。
The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, whose text has not been released, builds on a 2025 Saudi-Pakistani pact under which Pakistan had sent about 8,000 troops to the kingdom by May, Reuters reported.
谢赫巴兹·谢里夫总理政府通过了宪法修正案，其发言人莫沙拉夫·扎伊迪将外交成果归功于“陆军元帅与总理之间的信任与协同”。
Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif's government passed the constitutional changes, and his spokesperson Mosharraf Zaidi has credited "the trust and symbiosis between the field marshal and prime minister" for diplomatic gains.
伦敦国王学院副教授安德烈亚斯·克里格指出，目前存在一个他称之为“自我强化的循环”：外国合作伙伴视巴基斯坦军队为不可或缺的力量，这反过来又强化了军队在国内的地位。
Andreas Krieg, an associate professor at King's College London, said what he called a "reinforcing cycle" was in place: foreign partners were treating Pakistan's army as indispensable, which strengthens its claim at home.
他表示，这些合作伙伴“虽未造成巴基斯坦 civilian-military imbalance（文官与军方力量失衡）的局面，但却在客观上助长了这种失衡”。不过他补充道，在一个缺乏有效制衡机制的体系中，相关方“往往善于做出承诺，而一旦付出代价显现时却难以纠正错误”。
Partners "do not create Pakistan's civil-military imbalance, but they can reward it," he said. However, he added, a system with weak counterweights is "good at entering commitments and worse at correcting them once costs emerge".