曼谷 — 联合国发布的报告称，自武装冲突、有限的基本服务获取渠道和经济不稳定加剧全国贫困程度，缅甸超过三分之二的居民要么已陷入贫困，要么面临陷入贫困的风险。
BANGKOK — More than two in three people living in Myanmar are either in poverty or at risk of falling into it, as armed conflict, limited access to basic services and economic instability deepen deprivation across the country, a United Nations report published on Thursday said.
联合国开发计划署(UNDP)数据显示，近1800万人，即占人口的32.6%，生活在贫困之中，另有1950万人易陷于贫困。这意味着，缅甸处于贫困状态或面临贫困风险的人口总数超过3700万人，占人口的68%。
Almost 18 million people, or 32.6% of the population, are poor, while another 19.5 million are vulnerable to poverty, according to the U.N. Development Program (UNDP). That brings the total number of people in or at risk of poverty to over 37 million people, or 68% of the population.
自军方于2021年夺权推翻奥恩·桑苏奇领导的民选政府以来，缅甸一直处于动荡状态，引发了广泛的反抗。安全力量使用致命武力镇压和平抗议后，许多反对军方统治的人士拿起武器，导致全国大部分地区陷入冲突。
Myanmar has been in turmoil since the military seized power from the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi in 2021, triggering widespread opposition. After security forces suppressed peaceful protests with lethal force, many opponents of military rule took up arms, plunging large parts of the country into conflict.
联合国副秘书长、联合国开发计划署亚太地区主任凯尼·维格纳拉贾表示：“我们看到缅甸的贫困程度正在侵蚀人类发展本身。这场战争没有赢家，所有人都在输。这个国家的核心肌体正在被系统性地侵蚀。”联合国开发计划署的报告基于对7463个家庭的全国电话调查。该报告采用了改编后的多维贫困指数，对超越收入的贫困状况进行了测量，包括健康、教育和生活水平方面的交叉缺口。
Kanni Wignaraja, U.N. assistant secretary-general and UNDP regional director for Asia and the Pacific, said: “We are seeing a depth of poverty in Myanmar that is eroding human development itself. This is a no-win war. Everyone is losing. The core muscle of the country is being systematically eroded.”The UNDP report was based on a nationwide telephone survey of 7,463 households. It used an adapted Multidimensional Poverty Index that captures deprivation beyond income, including overlapping gaps in health, education and living standards.
该报告指出，健康和生活水平的不足占测量贫困的80%以上，反映了人们在获取医疗保健、适当住房、清洁水、卫生设施和其他基本服务方面面临的困难，尤其在冲突地区。
Deficits in health and living standards account for more than 80% of measured poverty, the report said, reflecting difficulties accessing health care, adequate housing, clean water, sanitation and other essential services, particularly in conflict zones.
该报告指出，贫困在面临安全形势恶化和访问受限的地区尤其普遍和严重，特别是西部的拉钦邦和东部的凯邦。
Poverty is especially widespread and severe in states facing heightened insecurity and restricted access, particularly Rakhine in the west and Kayah in the east, it said.
低水平的教育、不稳定的就业和低收入加剧了来自冲突、流离失所、市场中断和服务碎片化带来的压力，推动了缅甸普遍的匮乏状况，报告指出。
Low levels of education, insecure employment and low incomes compound pressures from conflict, displacement, disrupted markets and fragmented services, driving deprivation across Myanmar, the report found.
反复的经济和自然灾害冲击进一步加深了贫困，厄尔尼诺现象预计将加剧这些压力。这种自然发生的气候模式会干扰降雨并提高全球温度。
Repeated economic and natural hazard shocks further deepen poverty, with El Niño expected to intensify those pressures. The naturally occurring climatic pattern can disrupt rainfall and raise global temperatures.
联合国开发计划署还警告称，人类资本的流失日益严重，称至少自2021年以来有100万年轻人可能离开了缅甸，因为缺乏机会和日益增长的不确定性，限制了教育、就业和流动的未来前景。
The UNDP also warned of a growing loss of human capital, saying at least 1 million young people may have left Myanmar since 2021 due to a lack of opportunities and growing uncertainty that limits the future prospects for education, jobs and mobility.
支持军方政府的领导人敏安军星本周在内阁会议上表示，不稳定和缺乏和平阻缓了该国的经济增长。据州媒周一报道，他将经济增速放缓归因于政治不稳定、制裁、缺乏财政援助、有限的国际市场准入、贸易下降和增加的劳动力迁移。
Min Aung Hlaing , the leader of the military-backed government, told a Cabinet meeting this week that instability and a lack of peace had slowed the country’s economic growth. He attributed the slowdown to political instability, sanctions, a lack of financial assistance, limited access to international markets, declining trade and increased worker migration, according to state media reports Monday.