布达佩斯，10月8日——《人民自由报》是匈牙利一家颇具影响力的左翼报纸，十年前在前总理维克托·欧尔班执政时期被迫停刊，对匈牙利的媒体多样性造成了沉重打击。本周四，该报以在线新闻网站及周刊的形式重新面世。
BUDAPEST, Oct 8 - Nepszabadsag (People's Freedom), a leading left-wing Hungarian newspaper shut down a decade ago in a blow to media diversity under former prime minister Viktor Orban, relaunched on Thursday as an online news site and weekly magazine.
该报创立于1956年，当时匈牙利民众正发起反抗苏联统治的起义，可惜最终未能成功。2016年，原出版商Mediaworks突然宣布关闭该报。当时报社员工认为，这一举措与他们对欧尔班政府的报道有关；要知道，《人民自由报》当时可是匈牙利发行量最大的日报。Mediaworks则给出的理由是财务亏损。
The newspaper - founded during Hungary's abortive popular uprising against Soviet domination in 1956 - was abruptly closed in 2016 by former owner Mediaworks. Staff said at the time they believed the move was driven by their coverage of Orban, noting that their publication was Hungary's best-selling daily paper. Mediaworks cited financial losses.
《人民自由报》新任主编奥科什·托特对路透社表示，匈牙利的独立新闻业“需要回归最传统的以新闻为本的报道模式，重新学会提出问题而非直接发表主观观点”。托特还透露，《人民自由报》的重新创办得到了四位匈牙利商人的资助，这些商人在欧尔班执政期间主要从事海外房地产投资。
Nepszabadsag's new Editor-in-Chief Akos Toth told Reuters independent journalism in Hungary "needs to return to a very classic, news-based journalism, to ask questions again and not state an opinion." The relaunch of Nepszabadsag is funded by four Hungarian businessmen mainly involved in real estate investments abroad during Orban's tenure, Toth said.
“他们行事透明，没有借助复杂的公司架构来隐藏身份，”托特说道。他还补充道，自4月份欧尔班在选举中落败下台后，这些投资者认为重新打造这个享有广泛知名度的品牌存在商业机遇。
"They are transparent, not hiding behind complicated company structures," Toth said, adding that, with Orban out of power since his April election defeat, the investors saw a business opportunity in reviving the widely recognised brand.
有专家指出，对一家新媒体而言，匈牙利是个极具挑战性的市场。欧尔班领导的青民盟曾连续16年牢牢掌控匈牙利各政府机构，如今仅获得五分之一选民的支持。匈牙利议会还规定了总理任期不得超过两届，这实际上杜绝了欧尔班再度掌权的可能。
HUNGARY IS A TOUGH MARKET FOR A NEW OUTLET, EXPERT SAYS Orban's Fidesz, which had a firm grip on Hungary's institutions for 16 years, is now backed by just one-fifth of voters. Hungary's parliament has set a two-term limit for prime ministers, effectively barring Orban from returning to power.
在欧尔班执政期间，批评者指出媒体多元化程度不断下降：官方媒体受到政府的更严格管控，多家私营媒体——包括《人民自由报》——要么被迫停刊，要么被亲政府势力收购。
During his years in power, critics said media pluralism eroded as state media came under tighter government control and several private outlets - including Nepszabadsag - were shut down or acquired by pro-government owners.
批评者随后指责政府试图压制不同声音，但欧尔班政府坚称并未对媒体施加压力，还声称匈牙利完全符合欧盟在媒体自由方面的标准。
Critics then accused the government of silencing dissent, but Orban's government denied exerting pressure on the media and said Hungary met European Union standards on media freedom.
这家新办事处将雇佣约90名员工，其中大多数曾是《Nepszabadsag》或左翼日报《Nepszava》的前雇员，《Nepszava》已于5月停刊纸质版。
The new outlet will employ about 90 staff members, mostly former employees of Nepszabadsag or left-wing daily Nepszava, which ceased its print edition in May.
托特表示，投资者于上个月收购了《Nepszava》以及《Nepszabadsag》品牌的权利，并承诺为运营提供为期两年的资金，计划通过广告收入和订阅服务实现收支平衡。
The investors acquired Nepszava and rights to the Nepszabadsag brand last month, Toth said, committing to finance operations for two years with plans to break even through advertising revenue and subscriptions.
然而，市场挑战依然存在。在接连几届奥尔班政府执政期间，匈牙利媒体深受国家广告向政治盟友倾斜所造成的扭曲影响。
Market challenges persist, however, with Hungary's media heavily affected by distortions from state advertising channelled to political allies under successive Orban administrations.
智库Mertek Media Monitor的阿格内斯·乌尔班表示，基于市场的广告资金尚未取代国家广告，而且企业更倾向于在娱乐内容附近投放广告，而非政治和新闻领域。
Agnes Urban of the think tank Mertek Media Monitor said that market-based advertising money has not replaced state advertising, and companies are more interested in advertising near entertainment content than politics and news.
“对于一家初创企业来说，这是一个艰难的环境，而《Nepszabadsag》在停刊10年后，将正是这样一家初创企业。”——路透社
"It is a tough scene for a startup, and Nepszabadsag will be exactly that after a hiatus of 10 years." REUTERS