如今装甲车辆易受无人机威胁，国会研究人员对美军海军陆战队新型两栖战斗车提出了质疑。尤其值得注意的是，国会研究服务处周二发布的一份报告指出，在乌克兰战争中，装甲车辆基本已被无人飞行器和制导弹药逐出战场。
With today’s armored vehicles vulnerable to drones, congressional researchers are raising questions about the U.S. Marine Corps’ new Amphibious Combat Vehicle In particular, a Congressional Research Service report released Tuesday, pointed to the war in Ukraine, where armored vehicles have largely been driven from the battlefield by unmanned aerial vehicles and guided munitions.
报告指出：“两栖战斗车（ACV）旨在为下车作战的海军陆战队员提供伴随式直接火力支援，但在两栖作战及登陆后执行战斗任务时，这些车辆对这些威胁系统的脆弱性究竟有多高？海军陆战队是否正考虑根据在乌克兰的作战经验，对ACV的生存能力进行额外改进？”事实上，海军陆战队已于上月向Anduril公司授予了一份合同，采购反无人机系统以保护ACV免受小型无人机的攻击。Anduril公司的Pulsar-L系统是一套传感器与干扰设备组合，旨在拦截小型第1类和第2类射频无人机。
“As ACVs are intended to provide organic, direct fire support to dismounted Marines in the attack, how vulnerable to these threat systems are ACVs during amphibious operations and when operating ashore to support combat operations?” the research service asked in its report. “Are the Marines considering additional ACV survivability modifications based on lessons learned in Ukraine?”In fact, the Marine Corps did award a contract last month to Anduril for a counter-UAS system to protect the ACV from small drones. Anduril’s Pulsar-L is a sensor and jammer package designed to stop small Group 1 and 2 radio-frequency drones.
海军陆战队的合同授予文件中提到：“由于该系统重量轻、在对抗多架无人机方面表现可靠，且能在静止或移动状态下同步执行完整的‘杀伤链’流程，因此目前正由特种作战司令部使用。”
“The system is currently in use by the Special Operations Command due to the system’s low weight, proven performance in engaging multiple UASs, and simultaneous execution of the full kill-chain while static or on the move,” noted the Marine contract award.
国会研究服务处还质疑，海军陆战队可能扩军的计划是否会导致对更多ACV的需求，而不同型号的ACV每辆造价约为600万美元。
The Congressional Research Service also questioned whether a possible plan to expand the Marine Corps would, in turn, require more ACVs, which cost about $6 million each, depending on the variant.
上月，一项部队结构审查建议到2032年增加超过6500名人员，包括在19个步兵营和两个近岸作战队中增设编制。
Last month, a Force Structure Review suggested adding more than 6,500 personnel by 2032, including additional slots in 19 infantry battalions and two Littoral Combat Teams.
报告问道：“如果该计划得以实施，是否会增加对ACV的需求，以应对海军陆战队步兵单位的扩张？”
If the plan is implemented, “would additional ACVs be required to accommodate growth in Marine infantry units?”CRS asked.
ACV有多种型号，包括ACV-P人员运输车、ACV-C指挥车、配备30毫米火炮的ACV-30火力支援型，以及ACV-R装甲回收车。
The ACV comes in multiple variants, including the ACV-P troop carrier, ACV-C command vehicle, ACV-30 fire support model armed with a 30mm cannon, and the ACV-R armored recovery vehicle.
最初，海军陆战队设想采购 1,122 辆两栖战斗车（ACV）。但海军陆战队官员告诉国会研究服务处（CRS），目前的计划是采购 608 辆，其中包括 389 辆 ACV-P、33 辆 ACV-C、152 辆 ACV-30 和 34 辆 ACV-R。
Initially, the Marines envisioned buying 1,122 ACVs. But the current plan is for 608 vehicles, comprising 389 ACV-P, 33 ACV-C, 152 ACV-30 and 34 ACV-R, Marine Corps officials told CRS.
BAE系统公司刚刚获得了一份价值 2.3 亿美元的合同修改，用于制造 32 辆 ACV-R，这将是最后一种两栖战斗车变体。该订单计划于 2028 年 11 月前交付。
BAE was just awarded a $230 million contract modification for 32 ACV-Rs, which will be the final ACV variant. The order is scheduled to be fulfilled by November 2028.
在 2027 财政年度，海军正申请 2.37 亿美元用于 ACV 的升级。
For fiscal 2027, the Navy is requesting $237 million for ACV upgrades.
ACV 此前已经历过列装初期的问题。2022 年，两辆 ACV 在高达 10 英尺的冲浪区作业时发生侧翻，海军陆战队随后短暂暂停了 ACV 在公海的行动，规定只要显著碎浪高度不超过 4 英尺即可。
The ACV has already experienced teething pains. After two ACVs tipped over in 2022 while operating in surf up to 10 feet high, the Marines briefly suspended ACV operations in the open ocean, as long as significant breaker height doesn’t exceed four feet.
其中一个问题是 ACV 的重量，目前其重量已达到约 35 吨。2025 年，海军小企业创新研究（SBIR）项目招标要求减轻所有 ACV 变体的重量，尤其是较重的 ACV-30 和 ACV-R。其目标是每辆车至少减重 2,000 磅。
One issue is the weight of the ACV, which now stands at around 35 tons. In 2025, a Navy Small Business Innovation Research solicitation called for reducing the weight of all ACV variants, and particularly the heavier ACV-30 and ACV-R. The goal is to slim down at least 2,000 pounds per vehicle.
2025 年的招标书指出：“被认为具有减重潜力的部件包括发动机检修盖、传动轴、斜坡门、斜坡、舱口、外置油箱、外部金属及金属/复合材料附加装甲部件、悬挂系统、炮塔外板和艏翼。”ACV 支柱的海水腐蚀也带来了问题。
“Components identified as having potential for weight reduction include engine access covers, drive shafts, ramp door, ramp, hatches, external fuel tanks, external metallic and metallic/composite add-on-armor components, suspension, turret exterior panels, and bow plane,” the 2025 solicitation stated. Saltwater corrosion of ACV struts has also created problems.
2026 年 1 月份发布的一份关于采购 5,000 多个抗腐蚀支柱的“寻源公告”（Sources Sought notice）称：“美国海军陆战队高强度的部署计划加上高节奏的训练，给 ACV 创造了一个极具腐蚀性的环境，这是其他车辆通常不会经历的。”
“The high deployment schedule combined with the high training tempo of the United States Marine Corps creates an extremely corrosive environment for the ACV not typically experienced by other vehicles,” claimed a January 2026 Sources Sought notice for more than 5,000 corrosion-resistant struts.
此外，减重 SBIR 明确指出，任何解决方案“必须解决在盐水中使用及周边环境中预期的腐蚀问题。减轻重量将提高燃油效率，并能降低重心和浮心。”
In addition, the weight reduction SBIR specified that any solution “must address corrosion issues expected from use in and around salt water. Weight reduction will improve fuel efficiency and can lower the Center of Gravity and Center of Buoyancy.”