匈牙利正在对其能源行业进行大规模改革，以大幅降低目前欧洲最高的电力成本之一。
Hungary is working on a major overhaul of its energy industry to drastically reduce electricity costs that are currently some of the highest in Europe.
能源部国务秘书安德拉斯·托特（Andras Totth）周四表示，该计划旨在实现能源主权，从而显著减少天然气和原油的进口。具体措施包括延长现有核电站机组的运行寿命、取消对风电的投资禁令，以及通过储能设施提高太阳能发电的效率。
The plan is to achieve energy sovereignty in order to significantly cut natural gas and crude oil imports, Energy Ministry State Secretary Andras Totth said on Thursday. Steps include expanding the lifetime of current nuclear units, ending an investment ban for wind power and boosting the efficiency of solar output with storage facilities.
托特在布达佩斯由商业新闻网站Portfolio举办的会议上表示：“目前，能源行业已成为匈牙利竞争力的一个劣势，整个系统都需要从零开始彻底改革。”
“Currently, the energy sector is a competitive disadvantage for Hungary, the whole system needs to be overhauled from zero,” Totth told a conference organized by business news website Portfolio in Budapest.
在维克托·欧尔班（Viktor Orban）执政期间，匈牙利对俄罗斯天然气和石油的依赖日益加剧。总理彼得·马加亚尔（Peter Magyar）的政府正努力扭转这一趋势，同时寻求大幅降低电力进口费用。由于对家庭用户实施了高额补贴，电力成本问题已经削弱了匈牙利的经济竞争力，并给预算带来了压力。
Hungarian Prime Minister Peter Magyar’s administration is working to reverse the country’s growing reliance on Russian natural gas and oil under Viktor Orban’s rule while seeking to sharply reduce its bills for electricity imports. They have dented economic competitiveness and strained the budget due to generous household subsidies.
托特表示，目标是在2032年前新增4吉瓦的风电装机容量，并在2028年前建成至少3吉瓦的储能设施。他指出，过去15年里，匈牙利几乎没有新的风电投资，而新项目的相关采购工作已经启动。
The goal is to create 4 gigawatts of new wind capacity by 2032 and at least 3 gigawatts of energy storage by 2028, Totth said, noting that Hungary hasn’t had new wind investments over the past 15 years. Procurements for new projects are already underway.
政府还在努力延长2000兆瓦的帕克斯（Paks）核电站的运行寿命，同时鼓励企业加大对能源效率的投资。
The government is also working on extending the operating life of the 2,000 megawatt Paks nuclear plant while incentivizing more corporate investment into energy efficiency.
匈牙利已经建了近9吉瓦的太阳能发电能力，但由于储能能力不足，在电价低时经常出口电力，而在电价高时则依赖进口。匈牙利夜间高峰电力的价格高达每兆瓦时183.1欧元（205美元），是欧洲最高的。
Hungary has built almost 9 gigawatts of solar capacity but often exports electricity when prices are low and imports it when they are high, due to poor storage capacities. Hungary has the highest peak night-time power costs in Europe at €183.1 ($205) per megawatt-hour.
托特表示，政府估计，到2040年，批发电价可能下降超过60%，降至每兆瓦时约50欧元；而目前依赖燃气发电厂发电的体系下，电价约为每兆瓦时128欧元。
The government estimates wholesale electricity prices could fall by more than 60% to about €50 per megawatt-hour by 2040, compared with about €128 under the current system that relies in party on gas-powered plants to generate electricity, Totth said.
这些改革计划出台之际，欧盟即将颁布一项禁止进口俄罗斯天然气的指令，同时匈牙利也需要控制预算支出。为实现在本十年末满足采用欧元标准的条件，匈牙利必须将财政赤字从今年预计的7.5%降至2030年国内生产总值的3%。
The overhaul plans come ahead of a European Union directive that will ban Russian gas imports and coincides with the need to rein in budget spending. Hungary must reduce its fiscal deficit to 3% of gross domestic product by 2030 from an estimated 7.5% this year to meet the government’s goal of satisfying euro adoption criteria by the end of the decade.
实现这一目标的关键，要么是对政府耗资巨大的家庭能源补贴计划进行更精准的目标定位——该计划去年耗资约25亿美元——要么是通过构建更多元化、更高效的能源结构来降低能源成本，从而减轻财政负担。
Key to that will be to either better target the government’s lavish household utility-subsidy program — which cost about $2.5 billion last year — or to reduce the fiscal burden by lowering energy costs via a more diversified and efficient energy mix.
托特表示，即便天然气价格下降，这项能源补贴计划仍然“不可持续”。
The utility subsidy program is “unsustainable,” even with lower gas prices, Totth said.