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来认识一下印度那位敢于挑战莫迪的Z世代抗议者Meet India's feisty Gen Z protester who is taking on Modi

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尼哈·博拉是德里贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁大学的博士生Neha Bora is a PhD student at Delhi's Jawaharlal Nehru University

当印度的 Z 世代抗议者本周末返回德里,进行要求该国最高选举官员辞职的示威时,站在前线的显著面孔之一将是一位 29 岁的博士生。

When India's Gen Z-led protesters return to Delhi this weekend for demonstrations seeking the resignation of the country's top election official, one of the prominent faces at the forefront will be that of a 29-year-old PhD student.

Neha Bora 是一名戏剧艺术家和活动家,过去十年一直在全印度学生协会(Aisa)——一个以校园政治闻名的左翼组织——工作,并在过去两年担任该组织主席。

Neha Bora is a theatre artist and activist who has been with the All India Students' Association (Aisa), a Left-wing organisation known for campus politics, for the past decade and been its president for the past two years.

但 Neha——使用 “they” 与 “them” 作为个人代词——的曝光度已不再局限于校园。

But Neha's - who uses "they" and "them" as personal pronouns - visibility is no longer limited to campuses.

过去几天的病毒视频显示,他们被一群女警官拖拽在街道上,爬上警戒栏杆,举拳高呼口号,并被拘留。他们被女警带走时微笑的照片也在网络上广为传播。

Viral videos over the past few days show them being dragged through the street by a group of female police officials, climbing on top of police barricades, raising their fist and shouting slogans, and being detained. Photos of them smiling while being carried away by policewomen have also gone viral.

在最近的 BBC 孟加拉语采访中,Neha 对自己受到的关注淡化了。

In a recent BBC Bangla interview, Neha played down the attention they've been receiving.

“我知道这发生在摄像机前,所以看起来像是不同的事情,”他们说。“但我看到所有左翼学生活动家都在做我所做的同样的事。只是因为镜头对着我,人们才觉得有什么不同。” 对 Neha 的关注正值印度街头多场高调抗议活动进行之际,这些抗议被视为对总理纳伦德拉·莫迪执政 12 年的最大挑战之一。

"I know it happened in front of the camera so it seems like it's something different," they said. "But I have seen all student activists with the Left doing the same things that I have been doing. It's just that there is a camera on me, so people think something different is happening." The attention on Neha comes at a time when several high-profile protests are being held on India's streets in what is being seen as one of the biggest challenges to Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 12 years in power.

有“蟑螂人民党”(CJP)——一个由 Z 世代领衔的网络讽刺运动——在夏季于德里进行数周的教育改革抗议。该抗议在 7 月仅在教育部长达尔梅德拉·普拉丹辞职后才结束。

There's the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) - a Gen Z-led online satirical movement - that held weeks-long protests in Delhi in the summer over education reforms. It ended in July only after education minister Dharmendra Pradhan's resignation.

另外,印度的一些反对党,尤其是国大党,也因选举改革问题走上街头。近几日,国大党领袖拉胡尔·甘地和普里扬卡·甘地·瓦德拉遭推搡、围堵甚至被拘留的视频在印度广泛传播,成为各大媒体的头条新闻。

Separately, some of India's opposition parties, especially the Congress, have also taken to the streets over electoral reforms. For the past few days, videos of Congress leaders Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra being shoved and jostled and detained have gone viral and made headlines in India.

周六在德里举行的抗议活动由CJP发起,该组织要求印度首席选举委员吉亚内什·库马尔引咎辞职,理由是涉嫌操纵选民名单以偏袒莫迪领导的印度人民党。印度选举委员会与印度人民党均否认了这些指控。虽然并非CJP成员,但妮哈表示她们的团体也会参与此次抗议。

Saturday's protest in Delhi has been called by the CJP, which is seeking the resignation of India's Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) Gyanesh Kumar over allegations of manipulating electoral rolls to favour Modi's BJP. Both the Election Commission and the BJP have rejected the accusation. Although not a member of the CJP, Neha has said their group would also participate.

国大党议员普里扬卡·甘地·瓦德拉本周在抗议活动中躺在地上,怀里抱着一本印度宪法Congress lawmaker Priyanka Gandhi Vadra hugs a copy of India's constitution as she lies down on the road during a protest this week

妮哈出生于印度北部的北阿坎德邦,童年时期因身为军官的父亲频繁调职,她曾在多个城市生活。

Born in the northern state of Uttarakhand, Neha lived in different cities as a child as their army officer father moved for his postings.

从德里大学毕业后,她又在首都的安贝德卡尔大学攻读硕士学位,如今是著名的贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁大学(JNU)的博士生。

After graduating from Delhi University, they did a master's degree from Ambedkar University in the capital and are now a PhD student at the prestigious Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU).

今年夏天,妮哈因参与CJP发起的教育改革抗议活动而首次受到关注。

Neha first came into the spotlight in the summer during the CJP's protest over education reforms.

起初,妮哈与艾萨组织的成员便参与了抗议,但当时鲜有人知晓她们。6月28日之后情况发生了转变:教育家兼科学家索南·旺楚克为声援CJP发起绝食抗议,妮哈及艾萨组织的其他几名成员也加入了其中。

Neha and Aisa were at the protest from the start, but not many knew them at that point. That changed after 28 June, when educationist and scientist Sonam Wangchuk began a hunger strike in CJP's support and Neha and a few others from Aisa also joined him.

“这对我们而言是理所当然的选择。我们长期以来一直在抗议考试试卷泄露以及教育改革相关问题,”妮哈后来在接受采访时说道。

"It was an obvious choice for us. We've been protesting against paper leaks and education reforms for a long time," Neha later said in an interview.

当时人们的注意力大多集中在旺楚克身上,他的声望与影响力带动了整个运动的发展;而妮哈直言不讳的作风与富有激情的演讲也逐渐让她受到瞩目。

While most of the attention was focused on Wangchuk, whose reputation and presence galvanised the movement, Neha's outspokenness and combative speeches began to get them noticed.

在旺楚克等人被送往医院后,尽管体重已减轻了8公斤,妮哈仍坚持继续绝食。

After Wangchuk and others were moved to hospital, Neha continued fasting despite having lost 8kg.

即使在被送往医院后,她们仍在视频中表示:“斗争仍在继续。等我康复后,我们一定会再次走上街头,继续为我们的权利而奋斗。”7月份抗议活动结束后,尼哈成为了Z世代(Gen Z)的代表人物,受到了中央正义党(CJP)和媒体的广泛关注;她还曾与拉胡尔·甘地一同出席新闻发布会。

Even after being moved to hospital, they said in a video: "The fight continues. Once I've recovered, we'll meet you again on the streets to continue our fight for our right." After the protests ended in July, Neha has established themselves as a Gen Z leader who's courted by the CJP and media, besides appearing alongside Rahul Gandhi at press conferences.

尼哈微笑着被女警察抬走的几张照片已在网上疯传Several photos of Neha smiling as she's carried away by policewomen have gone viral

然而,尼哈参与“阿伊莎”(Aisa)组织的抗议活动、支持左翼政治立场,以及她对莫迪总理、内政部长阿米特·沙阿(Amit Shah)和其他印度人民党(BJP)领导人的批评言论,也引发了与家人的严重分歧——因为她的父母是印度人民党的坚定支持者。

But Neha's involvement with Aisa and leftist politics and statements criticising PM Modi, Home Minister Amit Shah and other BJP leaders have also led to "lots of disagreements with my family as my parents are staunch supporters of BJP".

上个月,北方邦至少有三起针对尼哈的警方投诉,指控她发表了“不当言论”;这些投诉发生在“阿伊莎”向警方举报尼哈收到死亡威胁的两天后。尼哈为了支持学生抗议活动,曾前往印度多个城市,她还因在贾坎德邦(Jharkhand)的一次抗议活动中遭到他人泼墨攻击而成为新闻焦点。她在Instagram上分享的照片显示,她的脸上留下了墨迹。警方表示已经逮捕了那名袭击者。

And last month, at least three police complaints were lodged in Uttar Pradesh state by BJP against Neha for making "objectionable remarks" against the chief minister - they came two days after Aisa's police complaint that Neha had received death threats. Neha, who has been travelling to many Indian cities to participate in protests in support of students, also made headlines when a man allegedly threw ink at them during a protest march in Jharkhand state. A photo Neha shared on Instagram showed their face streaked with ink stains. Police said they had detained the man.

这些激烈的抗议活动以及频繁的被捕经历,使尼哈获得了“街头斗士”的称号。

The noisy protests and repeated detentions have earned Neha a reputation for being a street fighter.

“在这个国家,街头始终是政治走向的决定性力量,未来几年这种情况只会更加明显,”她们在接受BBC孟加拉语频道采访时说道,“如果我们回顾过去的社会变革,就会发现那些变革并非来自议会中的政客,而是来自街头。”

"The streets have always dictated the course of politics in this country and they will continue to do so, more so in the coming few years," they told BBC Bangla. "If we look at the social changes of the recent past, those social changes did not come from people sitting in parliament; they came from the streets," they said.

如今,随着当局为10月10日在贾antar Mantar(印度议会大厦)举行的反对选举委员会主席库马尔(Kumar)的抗议活动做准备,尼哈和“阿伊莎”表示她们会再次与中央正义党一起走上街头,捍卫民主。

Now as the authorities gear up for 10 October's protest at Jantar Mantar against CEC Kumar, Neha and Aisa have said they would be back in the streets with the CJP to "protect democracy".