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彭博社

EA转向Egan-Jones评级,愤怒的债券持有人声称违约EA Turns to Egan-Jones Rating as Angry Bondholders Claim Default

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电子艺界的收购于8月4日完成。摄影师:凯莉·格林利/彭博社The Electronic Arts acquisition closed on Aug. 4. Photographer: Kaylee Greenlee/Bloomberg

据 Reshmi Basu 报道,电子艺界(Electronic Arts)告知一群债权人,其部分债券已获得 Egan-Jones 评级公司的投资级评级,并借此反驳对方提出的“该公司在私有化后应支付溢价”的主张。

Arts has told a group of creditors that it secured an investment-grade rating from Egan-Jones Ratings Co. for a subset of bonds, using the designation to counter claims that it owes them a premium after the video-game maker was taken private.

据熟悉此事且要求匿名的消息人士称,债权人认为,电子艺界在收购完成后未能在规定期限内完成控制权变更相关的付款,因此构成了违约。

The creditors argue a default occurred because Electronic Arts failed to make a change-of-control payout within the specified period after its buyout, according to people familiar with the matter who asked not to be identified discussing private information.

但电子艺界坚称,由于一种名为“债务替代”(defeasance)的复杂操作,它无需支付该笔溢价。消息人士称,电子艺界在 2 月份提出的一项债券回购方案中便运用了这一手段。该方案旨在先于银湖管理公司(Silver Lake Management)、贾里德·库什纳(Jared Kushner)的 Affinity Partners 以及沙特阿拉伯公共投资基金(Public Investment Fund)等组成的财团以 550 亿美元收购该公司之前,回购相关债券。

But Electronic Arts maintains it doesn’t owe them the premium because of an arcane maneuver known as defeasance, which it invoked as part of a February proposal to buy back the bonds ahead of its $55 billion acquisition by a group including Silver Lake Management, Jared Kushner’s Affinity Partners and Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund, the people said.

根据这一条款,电子艺界可通过购买美国国债,并用其所得现金支付未来债券的应付款项,从而绕过债务支付义务。理论上,这种由政府背书的担保资产可确保债券获得投资级评级,并规避控制权变更条款——该条款通常只有在收购导致信用评级下调时才会触发支付义务。

Under this provision, Electronic Arts would bypass the debt payout by purchasing US Treasuries and using cash from them to cover future payments on its own notes. This government-backed collateral would in theory secure the bonds get an investment-grade rating and avoid the change-of-control rule, which normally triggers a payout only if a buyout sparks a credit downgrade.

其他熟悉情况的消息人士称,如果这一策略得以实施,电子艺界(由摩根大通银行(JPMorgan Chase & Co.)提供咨询)便可节省约 2.5 亿美元。

If the strategy allowed Electronic Arts, which is being advised by JPMorgan Chase & Co., to avoid the change-of-control obligation, the savings would be roughly $250 million, other people familiar said.

据彭博社 2 月份报道,电子艺界此前曾与多家评级机构进行磋商,试图为这些债券争取投资级评级。然而,尽管做出了努力,标准普尔全球评级(S&P Global Ratings)、穆迪评级(Moody’s Ratings)和惠誉评级(Fitch Ratings)要么将这些债券评为垃圾级,要么干脆撤销了评级。

Electronic Arts had been in discussions with multiple ratings agencies to assign the bonds an investment-grade rating, Bloomberg reported in February. But despite those efforts, S&P Global Ratings, Moody’s Ratings and Fitch Ratings either gave the notes a junk rating or withdrew their ratings altogether.

尽管债券持有人所面临的风险金额并不大,但这项回购提议立即令债权人感到不安,他们担心此举可能会削弱控制权变更条款——该条款被视为他们最重要的保障之一。

While the money at stake for the bondholders isn’t vast, the buyback proposal had immediately rattled creditors who feared the move could undermine the change of control provision, which is seen as one of their most sacred safeguards.

据知情人士透露,电子艺界(Electronic Arts)目前主张,私营评级机构Egan-Jones给出的高评级可以替代穆迪(Moody’s)对债券的评级。

Electronic Arts is now arguing that the high-grade rating from Egan-Jones — which is a private ratings agency — serves as a substitute for a grade on the bonds from Moody’s, according to the people.

但知情人士称,这些债权人已签署合作协议,并由Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld和Houlihan Lokey提供法律建议。他们主张,即便替代评级来自另一家被认定为“国家认可统计评级机构”的公司,也无法取代公共评级。此外,他们还指出,债券文件禁止在流程中途进行此类替换。

But the creditors, who are in a cooperation pact and being advised by Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld and Houlihan Lokey, contend that an alternative grade, even if from another firm designated as a “Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization,” can’t replace a public one, the people said. They also argue that the bond documents prohibit a substitution mid-process, according to the people.

据知情人士称,在9月8日收到违约通知后,债券持有人的受托人美国银行(U.S. Bank)通知该公司,由于该通知引发了利益冲突,其将辞去受托人职务。

Following the notice of default on Sept. 8, the bondholders’ trustee, U.S. Bank, notified the company it will resign that role due to conflicts of interest triggered by the notice, the people said.

电子艺界和Akin Gump作为发起方集团的代表,未回应置评请求。JPMorgan、Egan-Jones、美国银行和Houlihan的代表也拒绝发表评论。

Representatives for the sponsor group, Electronic Arts and Akin Gump didn’t respond to requests for comment. Representatives for JPMorgan, Egan-Jones, U.S. Bank and Houlihan declined to comment.

据彭博社报道,此事还在律师事务所之间引发了关于法律细节的争论,包括控制权变更条款究竟属于违约条款(defeasance将使其失效),还是属于不受影响的支付义务。

It also sparked debate among law firms over legal technicalities, including whether a change of control clause is even a covenant, which defeasance would extinguish, or rather a payment obligation, which would not be impacted, Bloomberg reported.

电子艺界曾在2月份提出回购这两批债券。根据协议条款,2031年到期的1.85%债券持有人将获得约92美分的偿付,而2051年到期的2.95%债券持有人将获得约74美分。通常而言,控制权变更条款要求支付101美分。

Electronic Arts had offered to repurchase the two sets of bonds in February. Under the terms, holders of 1.85% bonds due in 2031 would get paid roughly 92 cents. Owners of its 2.95% securities due in 2051 would get about 74 cents. A change of control clause typically requires a payout of 101 cents.

据彭博社2月份报道,标准普尔全球评级最初曾私下向部分投资者暗示,在评估电子艺界债券是否符合必要标准期间,可能会给予其高评级。但不久之后,该公司宣布,在交易完成后,将根据电子艺界的整体信用评级而非底层国债抵押品的违约风险来对该债务进行评级。

S&P Global Ratings had initially privately signaled to some investors that it might grant a high-grade rating to the Electronic Arts bonds as it deliberated whether they met the requisite criteria, Bloomberg reported in February. But shortly after, it announced plans to rate the debt based on Electronic Arts’ overarching credit rating rather than the default risk of underlying Treasury collateral once the deal closed.

6月底,惠誉评级撤销了该债券的投资级信用评级。电子艺界的收购交易于8月4日完成,次日,穆迪评级撤销了对该公司及该债券的评级。8月6日,标普将2031年到期的债券评级定为BB+,2051年到期的债券评级为BB,两者均落入垃圾债范畴。

In late June, Fitch Ratings withdrew its investment-grade credit rating on the bonds. The Electronic Arts acquisition closed on Aug. 4 and Moody’s Ratings withdrew its ratings on both the company and the bonds the next day. On Aug. 6, S&P assigned the bonds due in 2031 a BB+ grade and gave the 2051 notes a BB rating, both into junk territory.

近年来,尽管规模远小于竞争对手,伊根-琼斯评级公司仍凭借对非主流交易的评级而在市场中占据了一席之地。

Egan-Jones in recent years has carved a niche grading off-the-beaten-track transactions despite being much smaller than its rivals.

但据彭博社去年年底报道,该公司近期已受到监管机构的审查。美国证券交易委员会的律师正在调查,该公司及其部分高管是否对其评级流程施加了不当的商业影响。当时,该评级公司的发言人表示,公司非常重视合规问题,并且“与监管机构保持着良好关系”。

But the firm has drawn regulatory scrutiny recently, with US Securities and Exchange Commission attorneys looking into whether the firm and some of its senior executives exerted improper commercial influence on its ratings procedures, Bloomberg reported late last year. At that time, a spokesperson for the ratings firm said it takes compliance very seriously and “remains in good standing with our regulator.”