迈克·赫卡比的助手揭示了极端主义议程如何主导特朗普的中东政策。
Mike Huckabee’s aide shows how an extremist agenda dominates Trump’s Middle East policy.
今年2月，约旦河西岸的以色列定居者开枪杀害了19岁的美国人纳斯拉拉·阿布·西亚姆。当时这名青年正试图阻止定居者偷走牲畜。
In February, Israeli settlers in the West Bank shot and killed a 19-year-old American named Nasrallah Abu Siyam. The youth had been trying to stop the settlers from stealing livestock.
阿布·西亚姆遇害并非个例。过去四年里，至少有1500名巴勒斯坦人在约旦河西岸丧生，凶手有时是定居者，但更多时候是以色列国防军——后者实际上充当了定居者运动的盟友。在这些遇难者中，有9人是美国公民。
Abu Siyam’s killing wasn’t an isolated incident. In the last four years, at least 1,500 Palestinians have been killed in the West Bank, sometimes by settlers but more commonly by the IDF (which acts as a de facto ally of the settler movement). Nine of those killed have been American citizens.
阿布·西亚姆遇害后，以马里兰州参议员克里斯·范·霍伦为首的30名国会议员致信国务卿马尔科·鲁比奥，谴责“以色列国防军庇护下，极端主义以色列定居者在约旦河西岸为所欲为却不受惩罚”的现象，并要求追究相关责任。
After Abu Siyam’s killing, 30 members of Congress, headed by Maryland Senator Chris Van Hollen, sent a letter to Secretary of State Marco Rubio decrying “the impunity afforded to extremist Israeli settlers in the West Bank under the protection of the Israel Defense Forces” and demanding accountability.
只要唐纳德·特朗普仍在任，以色列政府恐怕都不必为其违法行为负责。虽然特朗普竞选时打着“美国优先”的旗号，但实际上他的政策与强硬派犹太复国主义者的“大以色列计划”高度契合。这些强硬派认为，根据《圣经》的旨意，以色列有权吞并约旦河西岸，甚至埃及、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、约旦和沙特阿拉伯的大片领土。尽管特朗普本人仍口头上支持“两国方案”，还声称不会允许以色列正式吞并约旦河西岸，但“大以色列计划”依然取得了显著进展。
It’s unlikely that the Israeli government will have to answer for its lawlessness, at least as long as Donald Trump is in office. While Trump ran on an America First platform, in practice his politics have aligned remarkably well with the Greater Israel project of hard-line Zionists, who believe that Israel has a biblical mandate to annex the West Bank (and perhaps also large chunks of neighboring countries such as Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia). The Greater Israel agenda has made remarkable headway, even though Trump himself still pays lip service to the idea of a two-state solution and has said he won’t allow Israel to formally annex the West Bank.
特朗普本人或许不会公然支持“大以色列”计划，但其政府中的重要人物显然对此深信不疑。周四，《纽约时报》报道了美国驻以色列大使迈克·赫卡比的助手、关键政策制定者大卫·米尔斯坦的相关情况。报道称：“据多位知情官员透露，当国会议员要求对以色列定居者及安全部队杀害巴勒斯坦裔美国人事件追究责任时，[米尔斯坦]故意压下了使馆工作人员撰写的详细报告，实际上阻碍了议员们获取相关信息的努力。”
Trump himself might shy away from explicitly endorsing a Greater Israel program, but important figures in his government clearly believe in it. On Thursday, The New York Times profiled a key policy shaper, David Milstein, an aide to US Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee. The newspaper reports that “when members of Congress pushed for accountability over the killings of Palestinian Americans by Israeli settlers and security forces, [Milstein] suppressed a detailed report that the embassy staff had written, effectively stonewalling lawmakers’ efforts to gain information, according to multiple officials briefed on the matter.”
米尔斯坦的上述行为只是更大趋势的一部分。据《纽约时报》报道，米尔斯坦“多次压制或大幅修改使馆关于以色列各项活动的报告，目的是为内塔尼亚胡政府塑造良好形象”。虽然这篇报道带来了新的信息，但它也延续了去年9月康纳·埃克斯在《负责任的国家治理》杂志上发表的文章内容——该文将米尔斯坦形容为“某种亲以色列的执行者”，他“在国务院内部施加影响以引导美国政策走向，并竭力阻止任何对以色列形象产生负面影响的消息传播”。
Milstein’s actions here are part of a larger pattern. According to the Times, Milstein “has repeatedly suppressed or significantly revised embassy reporting on Israeli activities to present the Netanyahu government in a favorable light.”Although the Times article featured fresh reporting, it also built on a report published last September by Connor Echols in Responsible Statecraft, which described Milstein as “something of a pro-Israel enforcer” who reached “across the State Department to steer U.S. policy and contest any information that casts Israel in a negative light.”
埃克斯还指出，米尔斯坦曾试图促使国务院将约旦河西岸称为“犹大和撒马利亚”——这一带有宗教色彩的称谓正是那些主张吞并该地区的定居者所使用的术语（目前大多数以色列主要政治领袖也都采用这一称呼）。此外，据报道，米尔斯坦通过在国务院内部强制推行对以色列问题的意识形态一致性，营造出了一种恐惧氛围。据说他还促使国务院解雇了负责以巴事务的新闻主管沙赫德·戈雷希。
Echols reported that Milstein tried to get the State Department to refer to the West Bank as “Judea and Samaria,” which is the biblically laden language of settlers pushing for annexation (and has been adopted by most major Israeli political leaders). Further, Milstein reportedly created a culture of fear at the State Department by enforcing ideological conformity around Israel. He seems to have gotten the State Department to fired Shahed Ghoreishi, the department’s lead press officer for Israel-Palestinian affairs.
除了意识形态极端化之外，米尔斯坦还深受特朗普政府中普遍存在的腐败风气影响。上个月，《Politico》报道称，他曾向包括以色列公民在内的宾客发送婚礼请柬并索要钱财，这一行为引发了安全方面的担忧。
Aside from his ideological extremism, Milstein has been tainted by the corruption that pervades the Trump administration. Last month, Politico reported that he had sent out a wedding invitation soliciting money from guests, including Israeli citizens, a practice that raised security concerns.
美国国务院对《纽约时报》表示：“国务院全体人员始终致力于推进特朗普总统的‘美国优先’议程。”不过这一说法值得怀疑——除非人们相信“美国优先”实际上意味着为“大以色列”服务而无视美籍巴勒斯坦人的权利。
The State Department told the Times that “the entire team at State remains focused on advancing President Trump’s America First agenda.”This claim is dubious, unless one believes that America First actually means serving Greater Israel and disregarding the rights of Palestinian Americans.
米尔斯坦绝非孤军奋战的个体。他代表着现代共和党内一股强大的亲以色列势力，该势力不仅支持以色列的生存权，还支持其征服并吞并周边领土的权利。
Milstein is not a rogue agent. He represents a powerful pro-Israel faction within the modern GOP. This faction supports not just the right of Israel to exist but also its right to conquer and annex neighboring lands.
米尔斯坦是右翼脱口秀主持人马克·莱文的继子，而莱文经常能直接影响总统决策，尤其是在中东政策方面。米尔斯坦的崛起离不开一批信奉基督教锡安主义的政界要人的扶持：参议员泰德·克鲁兹、州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯以及前大使迈克·赫卡比。当赫卡比在X.com上发文力挺米尔斯坦时，美国主要犹太组织联合会首席执行官威廉·达罗夫也转发了该推文。达罗夫的介入表明，米尔斯坦获得了主流亲以色列组织的广泛支持。
Milstein is the stepson of right-wing talk-radio host Mark Levin, who often has the president’s ear, especially on Middle East policy. Milstein’s rise to prominence has been marked by the patronage of powerful political leaders defined by their Christian Zionism: Senator Ted Cruz, Governor Ron DeSantis, and Ambassador Mike Huckabee. When Huckabee tweeted out a defense of Milstein on X.com, it was retweeted by William Daroff, the CEO of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations. Daroff’s intervention suggests Milstein has a high level of support from mainstream pro-Israel organizations.
米尔斯坦与赫卡比的合作尤为引人注目。今年2月，赫卡比接受了塔克·卡尔森的采访。卡尔森询问了那些主张“大以色列”的人士的观点——他们认为《圣经》中规定的以色列国边界是从“埃及的河流直至幼发拉底河”，也就是说“基本上涵盖整个中东地区”。赫卡比回应称：“如果以色列能得到这一切，也无可厚非。”赫卡比的这番言论遭到了除以色列外该地区几乎所有国家的联合谴责，包括阿联酋、埃及、约旦、印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦、土耳其、沙特阿拉伯、卡塔尔、科威特、阿曼、巴林、黎巴嫩和叙利亚。
Milstein’s alliance with Huckabee is particularly noteworthy. In February, Huckabee was interviewed by Tucker Carlson, who asked about the claims of Greater Israel advocates who believe that the biblically sanctioned borders of the Jewish state extend from “from the river of Egypt until the great river, the Euphrates,” which means “basically the entire Middle East.”Huckabee responded, “It would be fine if they [Israel] took it all.”Huckabee’s remarks were condemned in a joint statement by virtually every state in the region other than Israel, including the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Jordan, Indonesia, Pakistan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Lebanon, and Syria.
这些国家在联合声明中称赫卡比的言论“极具危险性且极具煽动性”，是“对国际法原则及《联合国宪章》的公然违反”，更是“对该地区安全与稳定的严重威胁”。
The statement described Huckabee’s remarks as “dangerous and inflammatory,” a “flagrant violation of the principles of international law and the Charter of the United Nations,” and “a grave threat to the security and stability of the region.”