爱泼斯坦文件如何迫使诺贝尔和平奖面对公正性问题。诺贝尔和平奖向来不陌生于审视，获奖者的选择有时会引发艰难的问题。
How the Epstein Files forced the Nobel Peace Prize to reckon with impartiality. The Nobel Peace Prize is no stranger to scrutiny, with the choice of laureate sometimes inviting hard questions.
今年，负责颁发该奖项的挪威委员会本身也陷入了审视之中，因为一批电子邮件的泄露揭露了被定罪的性犯罪者杰弗里·爱泼斯坦与前委员会主席索尔比恩·雅格兰之间的关联。
This year, the Norwegian committee that awards the prize came under scrutiny itself after a tranche of emails revealed ties between the convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein and Thorbjorn Jagland, a former head of the committee.
这些邮件引发了对委员会成员公正性的担忧——这些成员通常是前挪威外交官和官员——并促使委员会在125年历史上首次采用了道德规范。
The messages raised concerns about the impartiality of the group’s members — often former Norwegian diplomats and officials — and led to the adoption, for the first time in 125 years, of ethics rules.
“我们希望这能增强人们对该机构的信任，”挪威诺贝尔委员会现任主席约根·瓦特内·弗赖德内斯在周五和平奖宣布会议的侧边说道。“如果有人陷入了出现可疑情况的境地，大家都会立刻知道。”挪威诺贝尔委员会由挪威议会选出的五名成员组成，任期六年。在职议员不具备资格，提名者通常来自政治和外交领域。和平奖的 deliberations（审议）一直笼罩在 secrecy（保密）之中，而“过去，口头澄清和相互信任曾起到重要作用”，委员会今年如此表示。
“We hope this will strengthen trust in the institution,” Jorgen Watne Frydnes, the current chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, said on the sidelines of the peace prize announcement on Friday. “If anyone ends up in a situation where something questionable has happened, everyone will know about it immediately.”The Norwegian Nobel Committee consists of five members chosen by the Norwegian Parliament for a term of six years. Sitting lawmakers are not eligible, and nominees are often drawn from politics and diplomacy. Deliberations for the prize are shrouded in secrecy and, “in the past, verbal clarifications and mutual trust carried a great deal of weight,” the committee said this year.
在揭露雅格兰与爱泼斯坦（后者于2019年在狱中去世）之间的关联之后，委员会承认需要进行改变。
After the revelations of the ties between Mr. Jagland and Mr. Epstein, who died in prison in 2019, the committee acknowledged change was needed.
“仅凭传统、历史和良好意图已经不够了，”弗赖德内斯在三月宣布这些规则时说道。
“It is no longer enough to point to tradition, history and good intentions,” Mr. Frydnes said when announcing the rules in March.
委员会成员现在必须向内部审计申报其专业关联，并被禁止接受可能被视为试图拉拢关系的礼物或差旅。根据委员会秘书克里斯蒂安·伯格·哈普维肯的说法，每次会议现在都以检查潜在利益冲突开始。
Committee members are now required to declare their professional affiliations to an internal audit, and they are prohibited from accepting gifts or travel that could be deemed as trying to curry favor. Every meeting now starts with a check on any potential conflicts of interest, according to Kristian Berg Harpviken, the committee’s secretary.
“爱泼斯坦事件的曝光对我们来说无疑是个非常糟糕的消息，”哈普维肯先生在周五表示。“爱泼斯坦显然就像一张巨大的‘蜘蛛网’中的核心人物——他既是中间人，也是具有巨大影响力的人；人们本应该意识到自己正在卷入一些本应避免的麻烦之中。”
“What happened with the Epstein revelations is of course very unwelcome news for us,” Mr. Harpviken said on Friday. “Epstein was so obviously a spider in the web, a broker and an influencer, that people should have seen they were getting too far into something they should have avoided.”
奥斯陆和平研究所的代理所长哈康·耶罗表示，如果诺贝尔和平奖委员会每年都陷入这样的道德丑闻中，那么这个奖项的尊严将会受到严重损害。挪威长期以来一直以颁发这一崇高奖项而自豪；但这种地位也使得委员会成员成为了各种游说活动的目标。委员会的内部讨论内容在50年内都是保密的，即使有和平奖候选人试图接触委员会成员，相关情况也只能在委员会内部进行汇报。
Haakon Gjerlow, acting director of the Peace Research Institute in Oslo, said that ethical scandals “would erode the dignity of the prize if there were to be a lot of turmoil around the committee year after year.”Norway has long taken pride in being the country that hands out the prestigious award. But that position has also made the committee’s members a target for lobbying. The committee’s internal deliberations remain confidential for 50 years, and even if a peace prize candidate approaches a committee member, that can only be reported internally.
今年公布的电子邮件显示，爱泼斯坦对挪威外交官的兴趣部分源于他们与诺贝尔奖的关联——尤其是雅格兰先生，他曾任挪威首相。目前雅格兰先生正接受挪威警方经济犯罪部门的调查。
The emails published this year showed that part of Mr. Epstein’s interest in Norwegian diplomats stemmed from their connection to the Nobel Prize, particularly Mr. Jagland, who is also a former prime minister of Norway. Mr. Jagland is now under investigation by the Norwegian police’s economic crimes unit.
其他一些挪威知名人士也因与爱泼斯坦的关联而受到关注，其中包括现任女王梅特-玛丽特、前外交部长博尔格·布伦德以及外交官莫娜·尤尔。
Other prominent Norwegians have faced scrutiny for their ties to Mr. Epstein, including the current queen, Mette-Marit; Borge Brende, a former foreign minister; and Mona Juul, a diplomat.
一些挪威政治人士认为诺贝尔奖委员会需要进行彻底的改革。据挪威报纸《Aftenposten》今年报道，2024年，委员会副主席阿斯莱·托耶曾代表一家埃塞俄比亚矿业公司前往埃塞俄比亚提供咨询服务。根据委员会的新道德准则，这次旅行引发了人们对托耶与埃塞俄比亚总理阿比·艾哈迈德之间关系的质疑；阿比·艾哈迈德在2019年获得诺贝尔和平奖后不久便发动了战争。周五，委员会拒绝就这些争议发表任何评论。
Some Norwegian politicians believe the Nobel committee needs a wider overhaul. In 2024, the vice chair of the committee, Asle Toje, traveled to Ethiopia as part of a paid consultancy for an Ethiopian mining company, according to a report this year by Aftenposten, a Norwegian newspaper. The trip, disclosed under the committee’s new ethical rules, raised questions over Mr. Toje’s relationship with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed of Ethiopia, who started a war soon after winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019. On Friday, the committee declined to comment on the debate.
挪威绿党的反对派议员曾呼吁制定选拔标准，以更加重视专业专长并防范政治关联的影响，但挪威议会在六月份否决了该提议。
Opposition lawmakers in the Green Party of Norway have called for selection criteria that would give more weight to professional expertise and would guard against political affiliation, but the Norwegian Parliament voted against the proposal in June.
上周，议会启动了一项公开调查，以了解埃普斯坦先生在挪威政治精英中所施加的影响力有多大。与此同时，一个独立的调查委员会也在审查挪威外交部门是否因与埃普斯坦先生的关联而受到影响。
Last week, Parliament began a public inquiry into how much influence Mr. Epstein had wielded with Norwegian political elites. Separately, an independent commission of inquiry was also looking into how Norway’s foreign service may have been affected by links to Mr. Epstein.
林赛·丘特尔（Lynsey Chutel）是《纽约时报》驻伦敦的记者，负责报道非洲、中东和欧洲的突发新闻。
Lynsey Chutel is a Times reporter based in London who covers breaking news in Africa, the Middle East and Europe.