一种可通过性行为传播的高传染性肠道感染，因耐抗生素菌株日益增多而变得更难治疗。
A highly contagious gut infection that can spread during sex is becoming harder to treat as antibiotic-resistant strains become more common.
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）4月发布的一份报告追踪了近1.7万份2011至2023年间采集的志贺氏菌样本，该菌可引起志贺氏菌病，导致腹泻、发烧和腹痛。2023年，有耐药数据的志贺氏菌样本中，8.5%被归类为广泛耐药（XDR）——即对CDC定义的五类抗生素均耐药——而2011至2015年间这一比例为零。
An April report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention tracked nearly 17,000 Shigella samples, which causes Shigellosis, which and can bring on diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps, collected between 2011 and 2023. In 2023, 8.5% of Shigella samples with resistance data were classified as extensively drug-resistant, or XDR — resistant to all five antibiotics in the CDC’s definition — compared with none from 2011 to 2015.
总部位于加州的传染病医生、健康公平联盟首席执行官泰勒·埃文斯指出，研究结果指向耐药性问题日益严重，而非整体感染激增。高传染性肠胃病毒传播迅速，重创特定患者群体“基感染并未激增，而是细菌在变异，”埃文斯告诉福克斯新闻数字版。“病例数可能保持稳定，但治疗选择却在悄然消失。”他表示，目前尚无FDA批准的口服抗生素可治疗XDR志贺氏菌。
The findings point to a growing resistance problem, not a surge in overall infections, noted Dr. Tyler Evans, a California-based infectious disease physician and CEO of Wellness Equity Alliance. HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS STOMACH BUG SPREADS FAST, HITTING CERTAIN PATIENTS HARDEST "The infection is not surging. The bacteria are changing," Evans told Fox News Digital. "Case counts can hold steady while the treatment options quietly disappear."
志贺氏菌可在微量粪便经口进入人体时传播，包括通过受污染的食物或水、未洗净的双手或性行为。危险耐药真菌蔓延全美，已波及27州“志贺氏菌不被视为典型的性传播感染，”得州家庭医学医生、性健康专家安迪·图费克西斯告诉福克斯新闻数字版。“然而，当一方接触另一方粪便时，这种肠道细菌可通过性行为传播。”
There is no FDA-approved oral antibiotic for XDR Shigella, he said. Shigella bacteria can spread when tiny amounts of stool reach someone's mouth, including through contaminated food or water, unwashed hands or sexual activity. DANGEROUS DRUG-RESISTANT FUNGUS SPREADS ACROSS US, REACHING 27 STATES "Shigella is not considered to be a typical sexually transmitted infection," Dr. Andi Toufexis, a Texas-based family medicine physician who specializes in sexual health, told Fox News Digital.
图费克西斯表示，志贺氏菌并非新发现，性传播途径自1970年代起即有记录。变化的是被归类为XDR的检测样本占比不断上升。密歇根州报告罕见寄生虫爆发导致2人死亡，逾1.1万人染病美国疾控中心（CDC）报告发现，大多数感染XDR志贺氏菌的患者为成年男性。由于未常规收集性接触数据，报告无法确定每例感染的确切感染途径，但既往研究发现，男男性接触是重要传播途径之一。
"However, this gastrointestinal bacteria can be spread through sex when one partner comes into contact with the other's fecal matter." Shigella is not new, and sexual transmission has been documented since the 1970s, Toufexis said. What is changing is the growing share of tested samples classified as XDR. MICHIGAN REPORTS 2 DEATHS IN RARE PARASITE OUTBREAK THAT HAS SICKENED MORE THAN 11,000 The CDC report found that most people with XDR Shigella were adult men.
埃文斯指出，86%的XDR患者为男性，中位年龄41岁，在HIV状态已知的患者中，近半数携带HIV病毒。他表示，无家可归者和免疫系统受损者也可能面临更高风险。
Sexual exposure data were not routinely collected, so the report could not establish exactly how each infection was contracted but previous research has found sexual contact among men who have sex with men as an important transmission route. Eighty-six percent of XDR patients were men, with a median age of 41, and of those with a known HIV status, nearly half were living with HIV, Evans noted.
点击此处获取更多健康资讯 根据CDC数据，5岁以下儿童特别容易感染志贺氏菌，美国许多疫情与托儿所和学校有关。早期美国疫情主要影响儿童，且涉及的菌株对抗生素敏感。
People experiencing homelessness and those with weakened immune systems may also face heightened risks, he said. CLICK HERE FOR MORE HEALTH STORIES Children younger than 5 are especially likely to get Shigella, according to the CDC, and many outbreaks in the U.S. have been linked to child care and schools.
根据CDC报告，有住院数据的患者中，37.6%因这种耐药感染住院治疗。CDC报告称，在分析的XDR病例中未出现死亡病例，并表示由于并非所有阳性标本都进行了培养或耐药性检测，感染病例可能被低估。大多数有旅行史资料的患者报告近期无国际旅行史，但许多患者的旅行信息缺失。
Earlier U.S. outbreaks primarily affected children and involved strains that were susceptible to antibiotics. According to the CDC report, 37.6% of patients with hospitalization data were hospitalized for the antibiotic-resistant infection. The CDC reported no deaths among the XDR cases analyzed and said infections may be undercounted because not all positive specimens were cultured or tested for resistance.
点击此处前往 埃文斯表示，美国民众应对这种感染"保持关注，不必恐慌"。
Most patients with available travel histories reported no recent international travel, though travel information was missing for many.
图费克西斯补充道，大多数志贺氏菌感染可自愈，但重症可能需要治疗。
Evans said Americans should be "concerned, not panicked" about the infection.
参加我们最新的生活方式测验，测测你的健康知识吧。纽约市伦诺克斯山医院内科医生、畅销书《完美10饮食法》和《抗衰老革命》作者迈克尔·阿齐兹医生敦促，疑似感染志贺氏菌的人群，在服用易蒙停等止泻药前应先寻求医疗建议。阿齐兹告诉福克斯新闻数字频道：“你想把细菌排出体外，想把它从你的身体里清除掉。”
Most Shigella infections resolve on their own, Toufexis added, but severe illness may need treatment. Dr. Michael Aziz, an internist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City and author of "The Perfect 10 Diet" and "The Ageless Revolution," urged people who suspect Shigella to seek medical advice before taking antidiarrheal medicine such as Imodium. "You want to flush out the bacteria, you want to get it out of your system," Aziz told Fox News Digital.
为降低感染风险，医生建议在性行为前后清洗双手、生殖器和肛门区域，使用安全套或牙科橡皮障，并在每次使用后清洁性玩具。图费克西斯表示，如果你或伴侣患有腹泻，应避免性行为，并在症状消失后至少等待两周再恢复。她说：“感觉好转并不总意味着感染已经完全消失。”
To reduce the chance of infection, doctors recommend washing hands, genitals and the anal area before and after sex, using condoms or dental dams, and cleaning sex toys after each use. If you or a partner has diarrhea, avoid sex and wait at least two weeks after symptoms end before resuming, Toufexis said. "Feeling better does not always mean that an infection is completely gone," she said.