立法，被称为露西法，旨在帮助解决北爱尔兰非法小狗贸易问题，于周三获批。
Legislation, known as Lucy's Law, to help tackle Northern Ireland's illegal puppy trade was approved on Wednesday.
如果按计划引入，它将使北爱尔兰与英国其他地区保持一致，通过使第三方小狗和小猫销售非法来实现。
If introduced as planned, it would put Northern Ireland on a par with the rest of the UK by making third-party puppy and kitten sales illegal.
农业和环境部长安德鲁·缪尔称其为“重大进步”，在打击经销商链条和加强对小狗和小猫的保护方面迈出了重要一步。
Agriculture and environment Minister Andrew Muir has called it "a major step" forward in disrupting dealer chains and strengthening safeguards for puppies and kittens.
然而，一些一线救援工作者认为，这些规定还不够，声称其中存在漏洞，可能继续被利用。
Some front-line rescue workers, however, have argued that the regulations do not go far enough, claiming gaps have been left that could continue to be exploited.
露西法最初于2020年在英格兰和威尔士推出，随后于2022年引入苏格兰。
Lucy's Law was originally introduced in England and Wales in 2020 before being brought into Scotland in 2022.
该法旨在打击非法小狗养殖——这是北爱尔兰的一个严重问题——通过禁止第三方商业销售幼犬和幼猫。
It was designed to crack down on illegal puppy farming - which is a huge issue in Northern Ireland by banning third-party commercial sales of young puppies and kittens.
该法计划在今年年底前生效，届时买家将必须与育种者当面会面，并在幼犬或幼猫出生的地方看到它与其母犬在一起。
It is due to be enacted by the end of the year, meaning buyers will have to meet breeders face-to-face and see a puppy or kitten with its mother in the place where it was bred.
小狗或小猫的交付或销售也必须在此地点进行，一位育种者告诉BBC北爱尔兰新闻，这将“阻止人们在停车场和加油站前交付狗只”。农业、环境和农村事务部（Daera）对该法寄予厚望。
The handover or sale of a puppy or kitten will also have to take place at that location, which one breeder told BBC News NI will "stop people handing over dogs in car parks and filling station forecourts". The Department of Agriculture, Environment, and Rural Affairs (Daera) have high hopes for it.
他们表示，该法将打击可能掩盖不良繁殖行为的经销商链条，加强保护，并让主人获得关于动物来源的更清晰信息。
They said it will disrupt dealer chains which can conceal poor breeding practices, strengthen protections give owners clearer information about where an animal has come from.
缪尔表示：“这些规定将提高透明度，使不负责任的经营者更难掩盖不良繁殖行为。”但并非所有人都持这种乐观态度。
Muir said: "The regulations will increase transparency and make it harder for irresponsible operators to conceal poor breeding practices." But not everybody shares this optimism.
来自科斯韦海岸狗救援的塔拉·坎宁安表示，该立法是“进步”，但在北爱尔兰的动物福利法规中“留下了漏洞”。
Tara Cunningham, from Causeway Coast Dog Rescue, said the legislation was "progress" but "left gaps" in Northern Ireland's animal welfare regulations.
虽然海岸线狗救援组织感谢部长推动此事……但我们对繁殖问题在此任期内被搁置感到深深失望。多年来，坎宁安一直在为北爱尔兰引入更扩展、更有力的露西法版本而奔走，但她表示，即将写入法典的版本基本与原法相同。她的主要不满在于，该立法不会建立繁殖销售/供应体系。
"While Causeway Coast Dog Rescue thanks the minister for bringing this through... we are deeply disappointed the breeding has been off the table within this mandate." For years Cunningham has campaigned for an expanded and more robust version of Lucy's Law to be introduced in Northern Ireland, but said the one expected to go on statute books is much the same as the original. Her main grievance is that the legislation will not create a breeding sale/supply.
这样的体系将记录北爱尔兰所有犬只繁殖者的信息——包括被称为爱好者繁殖者的小型繁殖者——而不仅仅是那些符合许可证要求的繁殖者。
Such a system would keep a record of all dog breeders - including small breeders known as hobby breeders - in Northern Ireland, not just those who meet the criteria that requires them to have a licence.
坎宁安表示，将所有繁殖者纳入登记将意味着“议会可随时对场所进行检查”。
Cunningham said putting all breeders on a would have meant "premises could be checked at any time by the council".
但她指出，虽然该立法解决了北爱尔兰的第三方销售问题，“它并未解决将狗狗运往他国出售的问题，以及英国各国如何通过跨境合作应对这一问题”。
But she said while it addressed third-party selling in Northern Ireland, "it does not address moving dogs to another country for sale and how the cross partnership of UK countries address this".
北爱尔兰最大的动物慈善机构之一——北爱尔兰防止虐待动物协会（USPCA）——称北爱尔兰版的露西法是“一个受欢迎且重要的前进步伐”。
One of the largest animal charities in Northern Ireland, the Ulster Society for the Prevention of Cruely to Animals (USPCA), called Northern Ireland's own version of Lucy's Law "a welcome and important step forward".
希瑟·韦尔表示，他们“经常看到监管不力的幼犬贸易所带来的后果”。韦尔对北爱尔兰幼犬贸易问题的两个方面作了重要区分：“虽然来自大型商业繁殖场的数千只幼犬被运往英国大陆出售，但我们继续亲眼目睹北爱尔兰境内小规模和后院繁殖所带来的福利问题。”一些一线救援人员对露西法是否能真正改善北爱尔兰幼犬贸易持怀疑态度。
Heather Weir said they "regularly see the consequences of an inadequately regulated puppy trade". Weir made an important distinction between two sides of Northern Ireland's puppy trade problem. "While thousands of puppies from large-scale commercial breeding establishments are transported to Great Britain for sale, we continue to see first-hand the welfare consequences associated with smaller-scale and backyard breeding here in Northern Ireland." Some front-line rescuers doubted whether Lucy's Law will make any real difference to Northern Ireland's puppy trade.
Kerry-Louise Lewis 负责照看位于卡里克弗格斯附近的“就像家一样”救援中心，她说她曾前往约25个幼犬农场营救被虐待的狗。她表示，解决幼犬黑市唯一的途径是通过监管和执法。
Kerry-Louise Lewis, who runs Just Like Home Rescues near Carrickfergus, said she had visited around 25 puppy farms to rescue abused dogs. She said the only chance of tackling the puppy black market was regulation and enforcement.
她说，虽然露西法可能会让更多的狗得到救助中心的收留，但它无法阻止它们在一开始就被繁殖。
She said, while Lucy's Law might result in more dogs getting to rescue centres, it would not stop them being bred in the first place.
“繁殖者们已经在全国范围内非法出售狗，”她说，“而这些人将继续这样做。”
"Breeders are already selling dogs across the country illegally," and "those same people will continue doing that", she said.
凯莉·路易丝的同事凯莉·格雷厄姆表示，他们在过去十年里已经救助了“数千只被虐待的猫和狗，其中包括许多被遗弃的小猫和小狗”。就在上周，他们救出了四只被发现遗弃在纸箱中的小狗。“跳蚤正在活活吃掉它们”，她说，最终其中一只小狗死亡。
Kerry Louise's colleague, Kerry Graham, said they have rescued "thousands of abused cats and dogs, many abandoned kittens and puppies" over the last ten years. Just last week they rescued four puppies that had been found abandoned in a cardboard box. "Fleas were eating them alive", she said, and one ultimately died.
此类事件——虽然极端但相当常见——偶尔会让格雷厄姆想要退出，但她说：“还有太多工作要做。”然而，其他人则对此抱有希望。
Such incidents - extreme but quite common - have occasionally made Graham think about stepping away but "there is too much work left to do". Others, however, have seen promise in it.
吉尔福德的Kilworth Danes的所有者乔安·史密斯表示，露西法是“朝着正确方向迈出的一大步”，但她也同意仍有更多可以做的。史密斯说，露西法为这种繁殖和销售方式提供了一些法律支持。
Joanne Smith, who owns Kilworth Danes in Gilford, said Lucy's Law was "a massive step in the right direction" but agreed more could still be done. Smith said Lucy's Law gave some legal underpinning to this method of breeding and selling.
“它阻止了人们在停车场和加油站前交付狗。”然而，她说它无法阻止人们从大规模的“ puppy mills”（注：此处保留英文，因为品牌/专有名词）那里获得狗。
"It stops people handing over dogs in cark parks and filling station forecourts." However, she said it will not stop people getting dogs from large scale "puppy mills". "Just because you have a licence doesn't make what you're doing ethical.
“仅仅因为你有执照，并不意味着你的行为是道德的。有些繁殖者养着200只母狗，动物全靠机器喂食。”
There are some breeders who have 200 bitches and the animals are all machine fed.
“露西法无法阻止这一点，但我们需要一部能够阻止它的法律。但这是一个很好的第一步。”
"Lucy's Law can't stop that but we need one that will. But this is a good first step."
爱玛尔·图布曼，她运营着Dogsni.love——“北爱尔兰唯一的道德犬只网站，提供犬只出售、种公犬及相关服务的广告”——表示，露西法将“让不道德的卖家更难通过第三方隐藏自己”。“这必须是一个积极的步骤，”她说。
Eimear Tubman who runs Dogsni.love - "Northern Ireland's only ethical dog site, advertising dogs for sale, stud and related services" - said Lucy's Law will "make it harder for unscrupulous sellers to hide behind third-parties". "That has to be a positive step," she said.
BBC新闻北爱尔兰联系的大多数慈善机构表示，他们不会认可任何犬只繁殖者。图布曼对此持批评态度，并表示区分好繁殖者和坏繁殖者很重要。
Most charities BBC News NI contacted said there are no dog breeders they would endorse. Tubman was critical of this and said it is important to distinguish good breeders from bad ones.
北爱尔兰有一些非常出色的繁育者，他们投入大量时间、精力和金钱来正确地进行繁育工作。
"There are some wonderful breeders in Northern Ireland who devote enormous amounts of time, care and money to doing things properly.
“我们当然应该指出不良的繁育做法，但我们也应该认可并支持那些真正把狗放在首位的人。”农业与环境部长安德鲁·穆尔欢迎露西法的通过，称其为“重要里程碑”。
"We should absolutely call out poor breeding practices, but we should also recognise and support the people who genuinely put their dogs first." Agriculture and Environment Minister Andrew Muir welcomed the approval of Lucy's Law, describing it as an "important milestone".
他说：“虽然登记仍然是一个政策目标，但我确实不认为露西法在没有登记的情况下无法执行。”穆尔表示，这些法规将建立“明确的违法行为，规范销售、供应和广告，并有记录保存要求作为支持”。
He said: "While registration remains a policy objective, I genuinely do not accept that Lucy's Law cannot be enforced without it." Muir said the regulations would create "clear offences governing sales, supply and advertising, supported by record-keeping requirements".
“任何宣传小狗的人都必须能够证明母犬就在繁育和销售进行的地址处，并且该母犬已获得许可。”他承认议会提出的关于登记的担忧，但补充道：“我不认为让这些问题延迟我们现在可以实施的重要动物福利保护措施是正确的。”
"Any person advertising puppies must be able to prove that the mother is present and licenced to the address where the breeding and selling is taking place." He acknowledged concerns raised by councils about registration but added: "I do not believe it would be right to allow these issues to delay important animal welfare protections we can deliver now.
“在专家咨询小组发布《犬只繁育规定审查》报告之后，我现在打算推进首阶段关键干预措施，以加强对犬只繁育场所的监管，并将很快就一系列重要提案展开咨询。”在北爱尔兰，繁育许可证由地方议会发放。
"Following the publication of the Expert Advisory Group's Review of Dog Breeding Regulations, I now intend to push forward on the first phase of key interventions to strengthen regulation of dog breeding establishments with consultation soon to commence on a range of significant proposals." In Northern Ireland breeding licences are obtained from local councils.
如果您的场所符合以下任意三种条件之一，您必须向当地地区议会申请许可证。一、您在物业上饲养三只或以上的繁育母犬。二、您在12个月内繁育、宣传或供应三窝或以上的小狗。三、您经营一项宣传或出售繁育犬只的业务。
You must get a licence from your local district council if your premises meet any of the following three conditions. One - you keep three or more breeding bitches on the property. Two - you breed, advertise or supply three or more litters of puppies in a 12-month period. Or three - you run a business that advertises or sells breeding dogs.
费用根据繁育母犬的数量而有所不同：10只或以下的繁育母犬费用为150英镑，超过200只的费用为350英镑。在此基础上，每增加100只犬只，费用增加50英镑。是的，您可以在没有许可证的情况下繁育犬只。豁免适用于爱好者繁育者、狩猎俱乐部和被认可的动物慈善机构。
Fees vary depending on the number of breeding bitches a breeder has, ranging from £150 for 10 or fewer and rising to £350 for over 200. After that it is £50 for each additional 100 dogs. Yes, you can breed dogs without a licence. Exemptions are available for hobby breeders, hunt clubs and recognised animal charities.
爱好者繁育者是指只饲养一到两只繁殖母犬，且每年繁殖少于三窝幼犬的人。许可证附带严格规定。母犬必须在12个月以上才能进行繁殖。一只母犬每3年最多可生三窝幼犬，其一生总共不得超过六窝。幼犬必须与母亲在一起直至满八周。
Hobby breeders are people who keep only one or two breeding bitches and breed fewer than three litters in a year. Licences come with strict rules. Bitches must be over 12 months old before breeding. A bitch can have a maximum of three litters every 3 years, and no more than 6 litters in her lifetime. Puppies must stay with their mother until eight weeks old.
此外，所有犬只和幼犬必须植入微芯片——无论该犬是出生于持证繁育场所，还是一次性的家庭繁殖窝，这一要求均适用。
And all dogs and puppies must be microchipped - which is the case regardless of whether a dog is born in a licenced breeding premises or in a one-off domestic litter.
无有效许可证经营繁殖场所，或违反许可证条件，可能导致最高5000英镑的罚款，及/或6个月监禁。
Operating a breeding establishment without a valid licence - or breaking licence conditions - can result in a fine of up to £5,000 and/or 6 months in prison